India: miyambo, chikhalidwe, mbiri

Mutu wa taphunzira - India. Miyambo ndi mbiri ya dziko lino ndi anthu ake chidwi zambiri.

India ali zaka zoposa zikwi zisanu. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi, miyambo ya India kuti masinthidwe zosiyanasiyana, koma adzadziwire ndi adasunga nthawi zonse. Osati zimene mitundu gulu akhoza kudzitama ubale woterewu amphamvu ndi mizu wakale. Luso la zopangapanga angaimbidwenso kusiyana ndi mitundu ina yoona. Koma India, zikuoneka kuti dziko lino ndi ufulu kwambiri kusankha njira kuposa boma kulikonse European. Zaluso musati anthu ukapolo, ndi bwino ndipo mogwirizana zikugwirizanira miyambo yakale ya India, ndipo ambiri mwa kulibe ndipo panopa ntchito, komanso zaka zambiri zapitazo.

Chosiyana chikhalidwe - Chifukwa cha mtima wapadera wa anthu Indian

Olemera ndi wotukuka kwambiri chitukuko cha India, zonse pamene osauka malamulo awo osati ngati amene anasintha maganizo a anthu a ku Ulaya ndi Asia. Kupeza zimene miyambo ku India ndi masiku ano, naye kupita ndi kukhazikika pansi kwa masiku angapo ena akutali, aiwala chitukuko wa chigawocho. Only mu nkhani iyi, zikuoneka kuti tipeze chithunzi thunzi yonse ya mafunso anu.

Mu India zaka zambiri mwamtendere coexisted mitundu yosiyanasiyana poyamba kumene kuli dera la India. Oimira zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ankalemekeza malamulo ndi miyambo ya wina ndi mzake. India wakhala anakhalabe wapadera ake, ngakhale konse popeleka ma ochokera m'mayiko ena, anthu ndi zikhulupiriro.

India kalekale kudzera zamalonda. Chonde ndi olemera dziko kupereka dziko ndi zonunkhira zabwino ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, amisiri aluso ndi amisiri opangidwa zinthu kudzikondweretsa banja, mbiya, nsalu, etc .. Zonsezi imafalira padziko lonse, ndi dziko lililonse wapeza admirers ake. Pambuyo pa nkhondo ya India, UK, kugwirizana ndi Kupezeka kwa madipoziti diamondi, ndi chifukwa - pafupifupi zaka mazana kulamulira, India chinaperekedwa ku zimene amatchedwa mayeso amphamvu kwambiri mphamvu, koma anapulumuka zikomo nzeru mbadwa, m'kukoma chikondi cha mtendere, kulolerana ndi kulolerana wa anthu Indian . N'zosadabwitsa, masiku mwambo wa India, ogwirizana ndi zikugwirizana ndi miyambo ya kalekale. m'dziko lino n'zochititsa - chopunthira cha uzimu anthu. Anzeruwo kuitana India mtima wa Dziko - India ndi zoona zooneka ngati chiwindi kwambiri. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti India - m'dziko okha amene m'gawo ankhondowo British anathamangitsidwa ndi yopanda magazi ndi mtendere kukana. Kulinganiza ndi inspirer zinali Mahatma Gandhi. Kenako, Nduna Yaikulu ya British Winston Churchill amatchedwa munthu wamkulu uyu ndi mdani wa British Korona, pamene Gandhi nthawi ofunda mundende, ananena kuti Gandhi sayenera amamasulidwa, ngakhale amwalire sitalaka njala, amene analengezeratu zionetsero potsutsana ndi mlandu.

zamasamba

Akukhulupirira kuti Amwenye, osachepera ku mbali yaikulu, - zamasamba. Lilidi motere: pafupifupi 80% ya anthu mu dziko lino idyani nyama mbale. Zikamera wa zamasamba akhoza kuchitika kwa zaka lachisanu ndi chimodzi AD. Zinali ndiye kuti Abuda ndi Ahindu atenga mfundo sizingawononge zamoyo. Ena magulu achipembedzo samudziwa ngakhale kulima dziko, kuti zoipa tizilombo, ndipo misewu kupita ndi panicles tofanana tizilombo, osati mwangozi udzaphwanya.

20% ya anthu Indian - Asilamu Akhristu ndi anthu a zipembedzo zina. Iwo ankadya nyama chakudya. Nthawi zambiri ndi mbalame - nkhuku ndi, zambiri kawirikawiri - nthiwatiwa, turkeys, atsekwe, abakha ndi zinziri. Akhristu Komanso amalola nkhumba. Koma ng'ombe, kumwa nyama ndi chilango ndi bwalo chigawenga.

ubwenzi Indian ng'ombe

Anali mlendo mmwenye, osamuuza zimene zokoma mbale ku ng'ombe kapena nyama yamwana wang'ombe kukonzekera kwanu. Mu India ng'ombe - nyama yopatulika. Mafunso omasuka kuli ng'ombe anakakhala boma pa mlingo wapamwamba. Ng'ombe chitetezo - nkhani yothandiza dziko. Alendo amadabwa mmene nyama zazikulu ndi bata amayendayenda momasuka m'misewu, nthawi zambiri n'kusokoneza magalimoto. Am'deralo nazo izo mwakachetechete.

Yambani ng'ombe kulambira za m'ma AD chachiwiri. Asayansi kufotokoza zikamera wa mwambo uwu uli prosaic ndithu. Kwa nthawi ino, kachulukidwe anthu ku India wafika chizindikiro kuweruza dziko ndi pang'ono owononga njala ndi ikutha. Olimapo dziko mbewu kukula ndi odyetserako anatsimikizira zocheperatu. Iwo kudula nkhalango. Izi zinafuna mavuto atsopano - kuyanika wa madzi oyera, kutha kwa zinyama, mchere wa m'madzi dothi ndi zina zotero. Ng'ombe anayesedwa wopatulika - kupha nyama ankadalira chilango cha imfa.

Koma mkaka mu India ndi yoletsedwa. mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zakudya thovu ku India ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kuti angakhale nsanje dziko lililonse, osati cultists ng'ombe.

chakudya chikhalidwe

Kuwonjezera mkaka mu ambiri a amwenye ntchito kudya mpunga woyera. Amene dziko, koma China, ndi sewerolo waukulu wa mbewu? Kumene, India. Mwambo wa mowa mpunga kwachititsa chakuti ngakhale anakhala vuto - mu India ndi waukulu kwambiri kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda a shuga kuti choukira maziko a chakudya akamakonda, ndi supersaturated kudya chakudya.

Amwenye kumayesa mbale pa siteji kukonzekera. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti chakudya choyamba ayenera kulawa umulungu, ndipo patapita ndi chovomerezeka kuyamba chakudya kwa wina aliyense.

Amwenye ndi kutikonda kwambiri nyemba. Iwo mu dziko lino wakula mitundu yambiri dazeni - makina, ndi nsawawa, ndi mitundu yonse ya nyemba, mphodza, nandolo ndi soya. Mbale yotchuka kwambiri ya nyemba - anapanga. Ndi mtundu wa msuzi wonenepa kapena mphodza. Ndi Dal amadalira amaphatikiza. mikate alinso mitundu ambiri, malinga ndi mtanda zikuchokera ndi njira yokonza.

Amwenye, amene amakhala pafupi ndi matupi a madzi, monga chakudya chanu, ndi nsomba. Komabe, iwo sakudziwa kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu. Nsomba lagawidwa yaikuluikulu. Pamene mubwera ku malo odyera ndi kupempha mbale nsomba, woperekera zakudya ndidzapempha yekha za kukula. Kusiyana ndi chilengedwe (nyanja kapena mtsinje), mafuta kapena Bony sakuvomereza m'dzikoli. Ichinso kuwawonetsera chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya India, amagwirizana ndi zamasamba.

Ulamuliro wa chala

Amwenye kudya ndi manja awo, kapena kani, ndi dzanja lake lamanja. Pa nkhani imeneyi, Kutacha ena oyambirira ndi kovuta kuzindikira azungu miyambo ya India. Popeza dzanja lamanja ndi woyera, ndi lamanzere, motero, zoipa, kenako ku dzanja lamanzere, iwo otchedwa ntchito zauve ndi kudya bwino. Amwenye apangidwe dzanja ndi ochepa mochenjera kwambiri, popanda kukhetsa dontho limodzi lokha, kukatenga ngakhale woonda kwambiri msuzi.

M'mizinda ikuluikulu pali European ndi Chinese odyera kuti kupereka mafoloko ndi mipeni polumikizana, koma chakudya pali Indian hue. Ichi ndi chifukwa kafungo ka zomera zonunkhira, anawonjezera kuti chakudya. Monga amadziwika, zabwino kwambiri onunkhira zonunkhira kupanga mu India. Azungu mukuganiza kuti Amwenye ndi kwambiri zonunkhira mbale wanu kuti kulawa atayika mankhwala pachimake. Zitsamba osati kuwonjezera mtundu zenizeni, komanso zinthu ngati mchere; kutetezera. M'madera otentha, zofunkha chakudya msanga. Amwenye mulibe chakudya ntchito m'tsogolo ndipo si kuchotsedwa chakudya mu firiji, ngati ife. Iwo onse kutaya uneaten.

Dzanja lamanja ulamuliro ndi akusunga mosaphonyetsa Amwenye pa mphindi. Ngati mukupita India, ku Ulaya tiyenera kudziwa za, ndi kuyesa kuti asakhumudwitse anthu am'deralo, kupereka chakudya lamanzere ndi ufulu kutenga kapena kupereka ndalama. Ambiri, Amwenye sindimakonda pamene manja awo kukhudza. Kukumbatirana Pat pa nsana ndi zina yogwirana mu malo onse iwo amaona kusonyeza khalidwe loipa ndi mwano.

ukwati lachilendo

Chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya India ndi chotero kuti dziko lino nthawi pali maukwati a anthu ndi nyama. Iwo Ndimagoma Ulaya, koma osati ozunguza Amwenye okha. Chachilendo mu maganizo athu Union Indians amaona chithunzithunzi zachilengedwe ndi maganizo kwa miyoyo. Thupi lanyama, kukonzanso umunthu kapena kwa miyoyo - ndi zamoyo wa mzimu uliwonse payekha. Tisanatchule chomaliza adakhala - thupi la munthu, moyo moyo moyo mu mahandiredi kapena masauzande osiyana sanali anthu matupi, ndi "Bhagavad-gita" ukunena zambiri za 8.4 miliyoni incarnations. pokhala mu thupi, moyo ndi akutha kumaliza mkombero nthawi yaitali ndi yovuta ya kubadwa ndi imfa. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Akhristu oyambirira analinso chiphunzitso cha kubadwanso, koma Council Wachiwiri wa Nicaea anachotsedwa chiphunzitso cha boma.

Mu India, nkomwe ndinazoloŵera miyambo European. Ngati zikuwoneka zachilengedwe kwambiri kuti mkazi kapena kukwatiwa ndi zaka zapakati pa zaka makumi awiri ndi makumi atatu, Amwenye ndikukhulupirira ndi bwino kupatsa ana m'banja pamaso msinkhu. Wosakwatiwa akulu imatengedwa zauve. Magazi, monga otsatira zikhulupiriro zakale - chodabwitsa zachibadwa. Mkazi ayenera mosalekeza pakati. Ngati mtsikana si wake kuchoka pamaso pa tsitsi loyamba, kenako mu masiku akale atate wake akumanidwa mwayi kalasi, ndipo mwana wake wobadwa mwa iye, ankaona defiler nsembe chakudya anabwera ndi mizimu ya makolo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti isanafike dziko la Britain ku India, banja oyambirira, pamene makanda wokwatira ndipo ngakhale ana amene sanabadwe, anali ndi mwayi mitundu chapamwamba. Pang'onopang'ono, anthu a mitundu m'munsi kuti agwirizane mwambo uwu. Miyambo chachikale chinkawavuta ndi miyambo ya India Mwachitsanzo, ngati mabanja oyambirira, ndi kumakunenani andale wotchuka kwambiri, makamaka Mahatma Gandhi, Indira Gandhi ndi ena. Panopa, malamulo ukwati zaka atsikana - zaka 18 anyamata - kwa zaka 21. Komabe, ku midzi akadali kachisi ukwati imatengedwa kwambiri yovomerezeka ndi pa kale zaka kuposa boma.

Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira ndi varna

Kuyankhula za India, sangathe kunyalanyaza dongosolo lodabwitsa kuti chikhalidwe. Anthu ambiri a dziko, ngakhale kuti si 100%, akufufuta Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira ndi Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira. Lililonse Hindu amadziwa chimene Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira iye alimo, koma kufunsa za amaona mawonekedwe oipa. Mahatma Gandhi, wandale wotchuka kwambiri, amene onse India, mwambo ubale Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira kunyozedwa ndi nkhondo zotsala za m'mbuyomu.

Ndi mitundu nkhani, iwo ali mu India, zinayi, ndipo iwo ali akale kuposa Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira. Aliyense varna ali mtundu wake wophiphiritsira. Brahmins - kalasi apamwamba. mtundu wawo ndi woyera. Zizindikiro Brahmins anali ansembe, madotolo ndi asayansi. Pa mlingo lotsatira m'munsi, ndi kshatriyas. Ndi makamaka nthumwi za akuluakulu a, komanso asilikali. chizindikiro awo - wofiira. Pakuti Kshatriyas anatsatira vaisyas - amalonda ndi alimi. Mtundu wa izi chikasu varna. The ena, amene amagwira ntchito kwa malipiro ndi chiyani sakhala ndi malo - ndi Sudra. mtundu wawo ndi wakuda. Mu masiku akale, aliyense chikhalidwe ndi miyambo ya India limanena kuti nthawi zonse muzivala lamba mtundu wa Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira awo. Tsopano kukapanga ntchito ndi achuma, mulibe kukhala mkulu kalasi, pali milandu pamene dalaivala takisi kapena mtumiki ku malo odyera ndi Bramini.

Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira anaonekera kwa zaka za m'ma BC chachiwiri. Iwo ali mu India zoposa zikwi zitatu. Pa dongosolo zimene lidagawikana, zovuta kunena - monga tanena kale, mwambo wa India nthawi zonse kusintha. Panopa mitundu kugwirizanitsa anthu ntchito yomweyo, anthu opembedza ndi malo ambiri okhala kubadwa. Iwo zalembedwa mu Constitution, pali nkhani, imene imaletsa kusalana zochokera Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira. Isanafike kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo ili ndi mosamalitsa anatsatira Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira Indians lamulo kuti yemwe zilipo ndi amene sangakhoze kukwatira, amene angakhoze ndi amene sangathe kutenga chakudya ndi madzi, ndi wokonzeka. zoletsa zambiri. Komanso, mu India lalikulu kuchuluka kwa anthu amene alibe amphamvu makolo mizu. Ndi angawauze. Komanso mtundu wa Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira. Pamafunikanso anthu ochokera m'mayiko ena, komanso anthu wamba, anathamangitsidwa Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira awo chifukwa cha zolakwa anachita. Untouchables ndi anthu okhudzidwa mu ntchito akuda. Pansi zinatanthauza kupha anthu zauve moyo (kusaka kapena kusodza), choncho zikopa, ndi zonse zimene zimagwiritsa maliro.

Masiku ano mwambo wa akale India, komwe nthumwi za osiyana mitundu Kodi mosamalitsa Pamilunguyo malamulo a detachment Chrixitu lomwe kuwamasukira. Pali milandu yambiri ya maukwati a achinyamata a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pakati pa anthu andale, pali angawauze, ndi sudra, vaisyas ndi Brahmins.

Maholide anthu Indian

bwino kwambiri akuwonetseredwa miyambo dziko la India pa maholide lalikulu kugwirizana ndi mwambo wa milungu. Childs, zikondwelelo zimenezi sikuti ndi zokhazo tsiku lina ndipo ali womangidwa kwa tsiku lenileni. Ulemu imaonekera mu kalendala ndipo zimadalira gawo la mwezi. Pa maholide amaona tsoka kuyang'ana kuwala usiku. Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza India, pa ulendo oyamba mu dziko lino bwino lifanane ndi zikondwerero za Diwali ndi Holi. Kuthandiza pa zochitika zimenezi umasonyeza kwambiri kwa apaulendo miyambo chidwi kwambiri India. About Diwali ndi Holi mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.

Kuwonjezera zikondwerero zimenezi, masika ndi autumn Amwenye chikondwerero mwiniwake wa mulungu wamkulu fano la mulungu wamkazi wa akazi. Iwo ali masiku ochepa chikondwerero Ganesh, mulungu ndi mutu njovu, kupereka nzeru ndi kuchuluka kwa zipatso za dziko lapansi. Si mapwando onse achipembedzo cha India. M'madera osiyana, ndipo malinga awo maholide achipembedzo akuwonjezeka.

Miyambo ndi chipembedzo cha India zodziwikiratu mu njira okhala m'dziko zimalambira tiakachisi zawo zauzimu. maholide onse chikondwerero phokoso kwambiri ndi kusangalala ndi fairs, nyimbo ndi kuvina. Kuwonjezera pa achipembedzo, mu India taonera angapo wamba onse holide - ndi Republic Tsiku kapena Constitution Day, ndi wodzilamulira Tsiku ku British Korona. October 2 lonse la India amakondwerera kubadwa Gandhi a. Amwenye wake ankaona bambo wauzimu wa dziko lake ndipo akulemekezedwa ngati munthu wamkulu kwambiri mu dziko.

Diwali

October 27 India ayamba masiku asanu chikondwerero cha chaka chatsopano - Diwali. dzina lina - chikondwerero yokolola, kapena chikondwerero cha magetsi. Masiku ano, Amwenye kukondwerera kupambana ndizina Krishna ndi Satyabhama pa chiwanda chisokonezeko Naraksuroy, komanso ena zinthu zofunika - kubwerera kwa hermitages nkhalango mafelemu (mmodzi wa incarnations wa Vishnu), maonekedwe a mkaka nyanja Lakshmi, amene akufunsa za chuma - chitukuko ndi chuma chabwino, yimitsira wa ndizina Krishna Indra Nyamuka kubadwa kwa Buddha Mulungu.

Komanso, limodzi la masiku awa chikondwerero poika mbale ndi mlongo wa Yama ndi Yami. Polemekeza Indians apatse abale ndi alongo awo mphatso, nthawi zambiri mu mawonekedwe a zibangili thonje. Zimaimira ubwenzi, chisamaliro, kukhulupirirana ndi kuteteza wina ndi mzake kuchokera nkhondo kunja. Ngati m'bale ndi mlongo sankagwirizana, ndi - tsiku yabwino kukhazikitsa mtendere.

Zonse mwa zochitika zimenezi chinali poyatsira wophiphiritsa wa mauniko zofukiza, makombola, makombola ndi firecrackers kuphulika. Pa Diwali uwu umatchedwa chikondwerero cha magetsi.

Hawley

Izi chikondwerero laperekedwa kwa Holick - wakuipa wamkazi-chiwanda, amene anatchula lopambana mulungu wa Hindu gulu, Vishnu. Mu mwezi woyamba zonse kwa chaka, pa mphambano ya February ndi March, Amwenye anathamangitsa Holick. Tsiku Indians kukonza mokondwera chionetsero ndi nyimbo ndi kuvina. Madzulo kupanga kwambiri udzu effigy wolemekezeka, umene anamuwotcha pamtengo. Kulumpha pamoto anthu ndi nyama. Pa nthawi ya chikondwerero mukuonera Yogi kuvina pa otentha makala. Akukhulupirira kuti motere kwathetsa matenda ndi mavuto. Miyambo tchuthi chakumwa - Tandau ndi bhanga (chamba), izo osavomerezeka nawo. Pa chiyambi cha chikondwerero ankatsutsana ndi kuwaza mzake ndi wachikuda ufa ndi wachikuda madzi madzi. Peretortyh utoto anapanga zomera - turmeric, enaake, henna, chinanso chotulutsa, wa sandalwood ndi ena. Kumapeto kwa chikondwerero cha mitundu, Holi amatchedwanso monga gulu zosangalatsa n'kuwaza mzake ndi phulusa ndi madzi wothira nthaka.

zovala National

Ahindu akhala ndinayesa European zovala. Jinzi ali Achinyamata ambiri pakati pa m'tawuni. Koma kavalidwe dziko sasiya anthu zovala za India. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa. . Thonje, silika, ramie, ndi ena minofu, amene ankasoka zovala wamba ndipo nthawi zina - kodi ayenera kunyadira India. Kuluka mwambo amabwerera kalekale. Ndi kale wamwamuna ntchito, ndi dongosolo wokongola nsalu pa saris ndipo munali otchulidwa osiyana - chipatso cha malingaliro a ojambula zithunzi cholowa ndiponso amisiri pa nsalu. Iwo azikongoletsa nsalu saris ndi nsalu, dongosolo chophimba kusindikiza yokhotakhota, kusoka kalirole, miyala, zitsulo zodzikongoletsera. sari nsalu kusiyana ndi coloristic osiyanasiyana kwambiri ndi kuwala. mdima khungu zimawoneka akazi chachikulu Indian mu chimango ndi yowala nsalu. Wotumbululuka pastels sapita. Malinga dera mukukhala sari amaika mosiyana. Sari ankavala ndi mabulawuzi ang'ono-Choli.

Kuwonjezera sari Indian akazi amavala kabudula osiyana - Buluku lotayirira ndi yopapatiza, mapaipi molunjika. Iwo ali mu zovala ndi yaitali awo zovala zosalowa ndi zamphepo, komanso madiresi, maraya omwe anaitenga ku zovala wamwamuna. Ambiri, ndi ku India, ambiri ku Ulaya kuti afike pomvetsetsa kuti theka Mmwenye, atavala zovala za makolo Sizotheka kudziwa - amuna ndi akazi mukufuna kuvala kwambiri, kudzikongoletsa ndi zibangili zitsulo ndi unyolo, kujambula pamphumi bindi wake.

Namaste

Ngati inu amakopeka India mbiri, ndi miyambo ya dziko lino chosiyana ndi zodabwitsa, ndipo inu kupita kumeneko, onetsetsani kuti kuphunzira ochiritsira aulemu moni, namaste, amene Amwenye ayende msonkhano wawo ndi anzawo. Izi ndi mawu ophiphiritsa a mawu oti "Mulungu ine akamalonjerana Mulungu mwa inu" - manja awiri pindani manja ake nampindira pang'ono, kukhudza mkombaphala ku pamphumi.