East Asilavo zinenero ndi zizindikiro zawo

zinenero East Asilavo - chinenero subgroup, zomwe ndi mbali ya Asilavo gulu la banja m'mayiko a ku Ulaya. Iwo wamba kum'mawa kwa Ulaya, Asia, America ndi zina za dziko.

Gawo

M'zinenero East Asilavo monga onse amoyo ndi zinenero akufa ndipo ali m'zilembo osiyana. Pa gulu loyamba, kuphatikizapo:

• Chibelarusi.
• Russian.
• Chiyukireniya.
• Rusin, amene nthaŵi zina ankamuona ngati chilankhulo Chiyukireniya.

Monga m'zinenero akufa, ndiye zimenezi zimaphatikizapo wakale Russian, omwe analipo mpaka m'ma 14, chinenero Ruthenian imene Grand Duchy la Lithuania, komanso Old Novgorod chilankhulo mbali yake yapadera.

nkhani

Chibelarusi, Russian ndi Ukraine - zinenero Asilavo. East Asilavo mbali ukufanizidwa ndi chakuti zinenero anali wamba kholo - Old Russian chinenero, amene anaonekera m'zaka za m'ma 7 pamaziko a chisanadze Asilavo. Mogwirizana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana mbiri, mtundu wakale Russian unagawidwa nthambi zitatu - Chibelarusi, Russian ndi Ukraine, omwe anapita njira yake chitukuko.

East Asilavo gulu la zilankhulo kusanduka yaitali. Zina kusiyana anaonekera mu chinenero ndi mochedwa - m'zaka za m'ma 14, pamene ena zaka zambirimbiri izi zisanachitike. zinenero zonse zitatu yodziwika ndi ofanana kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe, galamala ndi mawu komanso ndi kusiyana kwambiri. Ena siyana kalembedwe chimakhala ndi chinenero Chiyukireniya ndi Chibelarusi, ndi kukwaniritsa zoperewerera pa Russian. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi mawu, popeza ambiri a mayunitsi lexical mu Chiyukireniya ndi Chibelarusi zinenero chiyambi Polish.

Features

East Asilavo zinenero zawo mbali chosiyana kuti kusiyanitsa pakati ena:

• Phonetics. Amakhala ndi osakaniza Proto-Asilavo -oro-, -olo-, -ere-, -elo-, zana, omwe si mmene kwa kum'mwera ndi kumadzulo Asilavo, komanso pamaso pa zilembo za: H, J, omwe wosalira m'zinenero zina Asilavo.
• Lexicon. Kum'mawa Asilavo chinenero subgroup analandira kwambiri mayunitsi ake lexical ku chinenero Proto-Asilavo Komabe, makhalidwe yake kuti kusiyanitsa iwo kwa ena Asilavo. Gulu nawonso yodziwika ndi ngongole, makamaka ku Finno-Ugric, Baltic, Turkey, aku Iran, Caucasus ndi Western zilankhulo za ku Ulaya.

East Asilavo zinenero ntchito zilembo zochokera Chisililiki zilembo, wochokera ku Bulgaria, koma gulu lililonse chinenero ali ndi makhalidwe ake, ndi makalata kuti kulibe ena.

Byelorussian

Kodi chilankhulo mitundu Belarusians ndi chinenero cha boma cha Republic of Belarus. Komanso, oyankhulidwa mu Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine, Poland ndi ena. Mofanana ndi zinenero East Asilavo, Belarus amachokera wakale Russian ndipo anapanga pafupifupi 13-14 m'zaka za m'gawo la Belarus ano. Izi anali ntchito ndi mapangidwe mtundu Chibelarusi, ogwirizana ndi zinthu zandale, dera limene akukhala, chipembedzo ndi zina. A udindo wapadera mu izi nyimbo ndi mgwirizano wa mayiko pa Grand Duchy la Lithuania. Panthawi imeneyi, chinenero Chibelarusi anakhala nduna ndipo kukhala pafupifupi lonse boma ndi malamulo zolembedwa. Zachititsa kuti chitukuko cha sukulu ina yophunzitsa chiyankhulo pa madera zimene zinachitika pa malire a Belarus m'zaka 15.

Chidwi olembedwa zikumbutso za chinenero Chibelarusi ndi Chilituyaniya Malamulo, Mbiri Avraamki ndi Byhovtsa, "Masalmo", "Small Travel kabuku", "Galamala Chisiloveniya" ndi ena. Chitsitsimutso chinenero anayamba m'zaka za m'ma 19-20 ndi chikugwirizana ndi Yankoy Kupaloy, Yakobo khutu ndi maina ena .

Chirasha

Chirasha - chimodzi mwa zilankhulo East Asilavo. Iye ndi chimodzi cha zilankhulo za mgwirizano wa mayiko a dzikoli ndipo mwini anthu miyandamiyanda padziko lonse. Russia yosiyanasiyana zochokera anali mafuko kumene kuli dera la Veliky Novgorod ndi pakati pa Volga ndi Oka.

Mapangidwe dziko la chinathandiza chitukuko cha boma centralized, amene anamenyana ndi Chitata ndi asilikaliwa. yofunika kwambiri imeneyi ankaimba ntchito kusintha kwa Peter Ine, ntchito ya MV University, GR Derzhavina Ni Novikova, Ni Karamzin, ndi ena. Okhazikitsa Chirasha dziko imatengedwa AS Pushkin. Maonekedwe ake ndi okhwima syllabic mfundo ndi tanthawuzo pawiri la makalata ambiri. Kuchokera pa lexical mawonekedwe Chisilavo mayunitsi lexical, ndi zojambula zosiyanasiyana.

chilankhulo Chiyukireniya

Mmodzi wa ambiri ambiri a zinenero Asilavo. Chikulankhulidwa mu Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Poland, Moldova ndi ena. Features wa chinenero Chiyukireniya anayamba kutuluka mu zaka za m'ma 12 ndi m'ma 14 ndi Ukrainians monga mtundu osiyana ndi mbali yake chosiyana.

Zikamera wa mtundu Chiyukireniya chikugwirizana ndi kulimba kwa anthu yolimbana ndi Polish ndi Chitata mokwiya. Yofunika kwambiri mu kukula mabuku Chiyukireniya ankaimba ndi ntchito ya Gregory ziwaya, TG Shevchenko, IY Franko, Lesia Ukrainka, IP Kotlyarevskogo GR Hryhory kvitka neri Al. Pakuti Chiyukireniya chinenero mawu yodziwika, pobwereka kwa Polish ndi, Turkey ndi German.

chilankhulo Rusyn

Ndi mndandanda wa chinenero ndi chilankhulo formations osiyanasiyana zolembalemba zomwe Rusins. Izi fuko tikukhala mu dera Transcarpathian a Ukraine, Slovakia, Poland, Croatia, Serbia, Hungary, komanso Canada ndi chiphunzitso US. Today chiwerengero cha anthu amene amalankhula chinenerocho, ali pafupi oposa 1.5 miliyoni anthu.

Pali maganizo osiyanasiyana pankhani kuti, tione ngati chinenero Ruthenian osiyana kapena ankalankhula Chiyukireniya. Panopa Chiyukireniya malamulo amaona Ruthenian monga chinenero cha ing'onoing'ono National, koma Mwachitsanzo, mu Serbia, amaona boma.

Khalidwe chinenero kuti ndi yaikulu chiwerengero tserkovnoslavyanizmy ndi Polonism angapo, Germanisms, Mannerist ndi zinthu zina zimene chibadidwe chinenero Chiyukireniya. Amagwiritsidwanso yodziwika ndi mndandanda wa mayunitsi lexical zimene gwero Chihangare. Powonjezera, pali nkhokwe yaikulu chinenero Asilavo chinenero, amene Ndithu zikugwirizana iye zina East Asilavo banja.

Kum'mawa Asilavo chinenero gulu ndi mbali ya m'mayiko a ku Ulaya Asilavo nthambi ndipo ali mbali ndi kuyerekezera kusiyana zinenero kumadzulo ndi kum'mwera Asilavo. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo Chibelarusi, Chirasha, Chiyukireniya ndi Ruthenian zilankhulo, komanso chiwerengero cha zinenero ndi zinenero zina zambiri kuti tsopano anamwalira. gulu ambiri a kum'mawa ku Ulaya, Asia ndi America komanso mbali zina za dziko.