Kapangidwe ka mapulaneti: pachimake dziko lapansi, chovala, chokhuthala

The zikuchokera zigawo zozama za Dziko Lapansi apitiriza kukhala a mafunso ambiri ochititsa chidwi sayansi yamakono, koma kumayambiriro m'ma seismologist Beno Gutenberg ndi H. Jefferson zachitika chitsanzo cha dongosolo mkati mwa dziko, chimene Lapansi wapangidwa zigawo izi:

- pachimake;
- chobvala;
- chokhuthala.

Lingaliro lamakono ya kapangidwe mkati mwa dziko

Mu zaka za m'ma otsiriza pamaziko a yotsirizira nthawi deta zivomerezi, asayansi afika pozindikira kuti muzu m'chimake ndi chipangizo zovuta zambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo, seismologists anapeza kuti maziko a Earth lagawidwa mkati ndi kunja, ndipo pakhoma wapangidwa ndi zigawo ziwiri: pamwamba ndi pansi.

chipolopolo lapansi akunja

Pansi pa Dziko Lapansi - si pamwamba, ndi wosakhwima kwambiri, komanso kwambiri bwino kuphunzira kwa zigawo zonse za padziko lapansi. wochindikala (mphamvu) kufika pachimake pa mapiri (70 km) ndi osachepera - pansi pa madzi dziko nyanja (5-10 km), mphamvu avareji matanthwe a pansi padziko pansi zigwa ranges ku 35 40 Km. The kusintha kwa matanthwe a pansi padziko kuti pakhoma amatchedwa malire Mohorovicha kapena Moho.

Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti kutumphuka pamodzi ndi kumtunda kwa pakhoma kupanga mwala lapansi m'chimake - lithosphere amene makulidwe ranges kuchokera makilomita 50 200.

Potsatira lithosphere ndi astenosphere - anasintha madzi wosanjikiza ndi kukhuthala mkulu. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, izi chigawo makamaka padziko lapansi imatchedwa gwero la ntchito chiphala, popeza ali matumba a chiphalaphala kuthira mu kutumphuka ndi padziko.

sayansi ndi mwambo kusiyanitsa mitundu yambiri ya kutumphuka padziko lapansi

The chokhala kapena chokhala chimafikira mmalire a maalumali chokhala ndi tichipeza basalt, lubwe geysovogo ndi zigawo nyanja. Masana lubwe geysovogo wosanjikiza basalt otchedwa malire Conrad.

Ocean komanso tichipeza zigawo zitatu: a basalt lolemera, basaltic mapangidwe chiphalaphala ndipo chitayiko wandiweyani ndi wosanjikiza miyala unconsolidated nyanja.

Submaterikovaya makungwa - mtundu Transitional, yomwe ili pa periphery wa mkati ndi nyanja lenileni komanso pansi pa arcs chilumba.

Sub-zikuluzikulu kutumphuka ndi ofanana mu dongosolo ndi nyanja, ndi makamaka bwino anayamba m'gawo la mbali kwambiri pa nyanja ndiponso ngalande zikuluzikulu.

apakatikati Geosphere

Zovala ndi pafupifupi 83% ya buku lonse la dzikoli, ndi geosphere, kumbali zonse zokhudzana ndi pakati lamkati. Poyankha ake, lagawidwa zigawo ziwiri: olimba (crystalline) ndi wofatsa (a chiphalaphala).

Nato wosanjikiza Dziko Lapansi

pakati padziko lapansi ndiyo bwino kudziwika wosanjikiza wa lapansi. zolondola zokhudza Iye ndi laling'ono kwambiri, ndi chidaliro chonse tikhoza kunena kuti m'mimba mwake ake ndi za 7000 makilomita. Akukhulupirira kuti zikuchokera pakati dziko kumaphatikizapo aloyi wa faifi tambala ndi chitsulo. Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti pachimake akunja ali wamkulu makulidwe dziko ndi kusungidwa mu madzi boma akaphatikiza, pamene mkati - zochepa mu unyinji ndi firmer kugwirizana. Kuchokera pakati ya chobvala dziko lapansi alekanitsa otchedwa malire Gutenberg.