Pyrolysis ndi chiyani? KUFOTOKOZERA mfundo ndondomeko

pyrolysis ndi chiyani? Kodi tanthauzo lili kwa makampani ano mankhwala chiyani? Ife tichita ndi nkhaniyo.

Pa pyrolysis wa chimasanduka

Ndiye kodi pyrolysis? Tanthawuzo la ndondomeko iyi ikukhudza kuwonongeka matenthedwe pawiri organic popanda kukhalapo kwa mpweya. Pansi azingokhala mafuta, malasha, nkhuni. Pambuyo ndondomeko limapanga kaphatikizidwe gasi, komanso mankhwala ena yotsiriza.

ndondomeko Features

pyrolysis anachita ikuchitika pa kutentha madigiri 800 kwa 900. Zimenezi ankaona choyamba mapangidwe ethylene. Izi hydrocarbon unsaturated ndi feedstock zofunika zosiyanasiyana mankhwala organic: benzene, divinyl propylene.

nkhuni pyrolysis

Kukangana chiyani pyrolysis, tiona kuti kwa nthawi yoyamba njira imeneyi ndi mankhwala processing mafuta ndi gasi wakhala setifiketi AA Chilimwe mu 1877. ndi pyrolysis nkhuni chiyani? Zimenezi ikuchitika pa kutentha pafupifupi 500 madigiri. Iwo amagwirizana ndi mapangidwe zigawo yovuta ngati mankhwala monga asidi acetic, makala, utomoni, acetone. Popeza kuti dziko lathu ndi "chuma" nkhalango mu Russia ntchito zomera lalikulu ndondomeko nkhuni pyrolysis.

pyrolysis zinyalala

Pyrolysis zinyalala ndi ntchito yapadera kuti thupilo zinyalala banja. Kuvuta kwa pyrolysis za pulasitiki, matayala, zinyalala zosiyanasiyana organic chifukwa chakuti ankaganiza luso zosiyanasiyana kusiyana kwambiri pa ndondomeko ya processing zipangizo zina olimba.

The zikuchokera zinyalala zambiri ndi sulfure, chlorine, phosphorous, amene pambuyo makutidwe ndi okosijeni (mapangidwe oxides) kupeza katundu osakhalitsa. The mankhwala pyrolysis ndi kuopseza chilengedwe.

Pamene mogwirizana kwa chlorine ndi zinthu organic anapanga nditamaliza ndondomeko kuwonongeka, pali watulutsa chosatha mankhwala wonunkha ngati dioxins. Pofuna analanda mankhwala zimatulutsa utsi, amafuna unsembe wapadera wa pyrolysis. Chotero ndondomeko amafuna ndalama kwambiri zakuthupi.

Mayiko a ku Ulaya, chofunika kwambiri zachilengedwe ndi vuto la yobwezeretsanso matayala, zigawo mphira zomwe mwakwaniritsa moyo utumiki wawo. Chifukwa chakuti zachilengedwe mafuta feedstock ndi irreplaceable maganizo mchere, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazipita mmene chuma sekondale.

A banja ndi kumanga zinyalala mukhoza yaikulu zosiyanasiyana zinthu za organic ndi zochita kupanga zikuchokera, kotero ndikofunika dera lino mafakitale.

Ma polima ndi matayala ali wamkulu wapatali zopangira. Pambuyo processing ndi pyrolysis otsika kutentha akhoza zopezera kachigawo madzi a chimasanduka zimalimbikitsa (kupanga mafuta), mpweya kuyaka, zotsalira mpweya ndi zitsulo chingwe. Pamene moto matani tayala mphira anamasulidwa mu chikhalidwe cha dongosolo la makilogalamu 270 mpweya wakuda ndi za 450 makilogalamu zinthu gaseous poizoni.

kaphatikizidwe gasi

Izi osakaniza hydrogen ndi mpweya monoxide (2). Mu lonse mafakitale ndi analandira mwa kuchititsa nthunzi kukonzanso wa methane, gasification wa malasha, dziko makutidwe ndi okosijeni processing wa zinyalala. Malinga ndi luso umene umabala mpweya kaphatikizidwe, mmene chiŵerengero cha mpweya monoxide ndi wa hydrogen zosiyanasiyana mkati osiyanasiyana 1: 1 1: 3.

Mwa ntchito zikuluzikulu za zipangizo izo zikuchitika wapadera kupanga methanol ndi Fischer-Tropsch kaphatikizidwe. Zimatanthauza mankhwala anachita amenewa amapezeka mu kukhalapo kwa chothandizira a. Amakhala mu kutembenuka kwa mpweya monoxide ndi wa hydrogen zosiyanasiyana chimasanduka madzi. Kwenikweni monga catalysts (accelerators) mogwirizana izi amusankha cobalt ndi chitsulo.

The kulunjika kwa ndondomekoyi kubereka angapange kuti ntchito yawo mu mawonekedwe a kupanga lubricating mafuta kapena mafuta.

Kulunjika yodalirika

ndi kapangidwe ka anachita chiyani? Tiyeni n'kuyesayesa icho chiri. Tanthauzo la pyrolysis wakhala zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, ndipo tsopano kuganizira mbali ndi ndondomeko mankhwala. Fischer-Tropsch ndondomeko kumafuna yatikhudza pa dziko ndi oxygen. Chisoni mankhwala ndi carbon monoxide ndi wa hydrogen. Zimene anapereka alkane mndandanda hydrocarbon ndi nthunzi. Iwo anapanga mankhwala hydrocarbon pamene Iwo ayeretsedwa ndi ntchito kuti akonze mafuta kupanga.

pyrolysis Meaning

Mpweya monoxide mpweya ndi mpweya wa hydrogen popangidwa ndi tsankho makutidwe ndi okosijeni nkhuni ndi malasha. Tanthauzo la ngati ndondomeko ndi mapangidwe chuma olimba yaiwisi (zinyalala hydrocarbon kapena malasha) wa hydrogen kapena chimasanduka madzi.

Pamene nonoxidative pyrolysis zinyalala olimba panopa makampani mankhwala zokolola kaphatikizidwe mpweya. Ena imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mafuta galimoto popanda processing zina mwa kugonjera ndi Fischer-Tropsch anachita. Ngati ndi kotheka, ntchito madzi mafuta paraffins ofanana ndi lubricant ntchito chosavuta luso mankhwala.

Ngati m'pofunika kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa haidrojeni opangidwa ndi kusintha buku la nthunzi ndi amene anathawira ku ichi aone kuti pali mankhwala mgwirizano. Zikatero, nditamaliza zimene opangidwa hydrogen ndi mpweya.

luso Zosintha

Pambuyo chotulukira, anapanga mu 1920 ndi ofufuza German Hans Tropsch ndi Frantsem Fisherom, luso mobwerezabwereza modernized, bwino. Pang'onopang'ono chiwerengero cha kupanga mafuta analengedwa ndi pyrolysis, mu Germany anafika mbiya 124 zikwi patsiku. Chotero chizindikiro analipo mu 1944.

modernity

Masiku ano, pali makampani awiri akuluakulu, omwe ntchito luso lake Fischer-Tropsch. Ambiri dizilo opangidwa ndi pyrolysis la South Africa, mankhwala makutidwe ndi okosijeni wotsatira anapanga.

chidwi wapatsidwa mankhwala luso anapeza pambuyo asayansi anayamba kufunafuna njira kutulutsa otsika sulfure dizilo zinthu waluso kuti kuwononga osachepera chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, makampani US panopa feedstock anasankha coke kapena makala, ndi kupatsa chimasanduka madzi chapamwamba.

Ngakhale kuti ndondomeko pyrolysis ndi luso wangwiro amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamlingo waukulu, amagwirizanitsidwa ndi ndalama ndi mkulu mfundo kukonza ndi kusamalira unsembe. Mafakitale ambiri, izi umalepheretsa, chifukwa pali chizolowezi kuchepetsa mitengo mafuta dziko.

Pomaliza

World nkhokwe khala ndi okwanira. Iwo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero mafuta chifukwa zikutha m'mayiko n'kofunika mafuta. Akatswiri nawo mafuta ndi gasi makampani, amakhulupirira kuti ndi pyrolysis zingabweretse chimasanduka apamwamba. Iwo amati mafuta chifukwa si ndi ntchito apamwamba chilengedwe poyerekezera ndi mafuta mafuta, komanso zovomerezeka ogula pa mtengo osiyanasiyana. Pankhani ya osakaniza Fischer-Tropsch ndi zotsalira zazomera gasification n'zotheka kulankhula za njira zingamuthandize kuti zotsimikizira ndi Kukhazikika mukukonzeratu chimake mafuta a galimoto.

angapange yaiwisi akamagwira pyrolysis wa malasha ndi mpikisano kokha pamene mtengo wa mafuta $ 40 mbiya. Kwa kupanga amenewa osakaniza chimasanduka m'pofunika kuti aganyali mu uthunthu wa madola asanu biliyoni zisanu ndi zinayi migolo eyite zikwi za mafuta kupanga. Umisiri kugwirizana ndi ndondomeko pyrolysis, anazindikira mwa zachilengedwe anthu ambiri wochezeka. N'chifukwa chake m'zaka zaposachedwapa, mayiko ambiri otukuka kulabadira kwambiri kuti pakhale njira yatsopano yopangira hydrocarbon utsi, zomwe adzalola kuti lichoke ku zipangizo miyambo mafuta yaiwisi. Chifukwa cha sayansi luso ndi unyolo kusintha ndondomeko pyrolysis wakhala kwambiri mtengo ndiponso kosavuta kupeza apamwamba chimasanduka madzi. The mankhwala chifukwa ntchito osati monga mafuta komanso zosiyanasiyana zinthu organic.