Kapangidwe ka mphuno

Mphuno - ichi ndi dera koyamba thirakiti kupuma (airway) wa munthu, amene wapemphedwa angapo ntchito zofunika, monga kutentha tsankho ndi moisturizing mpweya, kuyeretsa izo kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi fumbi, ndi zina zikugwira chakumutu. Komanso, m'njira za m'mphuno ndi zikumveka bwino resonators ndi mbali mu mapangidwe kulankhula kwa anthu. Matenda a mphuno ndi zogometsa kwambiri komanso zosangalatsa. Taganizirani kapangidwe ka mphuno kwambiri.

Mphuno kapangidwe: m'madipatimenti

Iwo anaganiza kuonetsetsa magawo awiri a mphuno: a m'mphuno M'mimbamo (mkati gawo) ndi mphuno kunja.

Mawonekedwe a mphuno kunja akufanana piramidi wapangidwa chichereŵechereŵe ndi fupa zidutswa. mphuno kunja mafupa Ufumuyo kwa fupa mazunzo, kupanga kumbuyo kwa mphuno. Mapiko anapanga lateral chichereŵechereŵe, amene, monga chichereŵechereŵe wa m'mphuno septum ndi zofunika kwambiri mu mapangidwe mawonekedwe mphuno. Chichereŵechereŵe ndi mafupa m'mphuno kupanga yeniyeni dongosolo anatomical, wotchedwa limbikitsa mphuno. Monga anatomical akunja mphuno mapangidwe alipo yekha mwa anthu, pakuwonekera kwake amagwirizana ndi kusintha mu ndondomeko ya kayendedwe (ofukula kufalitsidwa mu m'makona awiri) ndi chitukuko kulankhula.

The m'mphuno zoti ovuta kwambiri kuposa mphuno akunja ali oyenerera mkati chigaza ndi M'mphepete nyumba zofunika anatomical - wapakamwa M'mimbamo zapambuyo cranial fossa ndi diso mwake. M'mimbamo m'mphuno amalankhulira choanal kudzera pharynx, ndipo mwa pyriform kabowo amene anapanga m'mphuno ndi nkhope mafupa, ndi amphuno khonde.

mafupa nkhope ya Chibade fupa ndi kupanga uta webs makoma angapo. Ethmoid fupa anapanga kumtunda ndi kunja khoma, fupa m'mphuno septum - ndi mkati ndi palatal fupa la nsagwada chapamwamba - m'munsi. The zovuta kwambiri dongosolo ndi mpanda kunja ndi atatu Bony ziyerekezo umatchedwanso conchae: pansi, pamwamba ndi pakati. M'munsi chipolopolo, amene ali osiyana, kudzikonda fupa, ali miyeso kwambiri. Middle ndi chapamwamba zipolopolo - izo njira ya fupa ethmoid. Aliyense chipolopolo aikidwa pa mphuno athamanga, amenenso atatu: pamwamba, pansi ndi pakati. Onse atatu turbinate ndi m'mphuno septum anasiyanitsidwa ndi danga free, wotchedwa wamba kugwedezeka mphuno. Chotero Kapangidwe ka mphuno, ndicho dongosolo la cavities m'mphuno zofunika kwambiri mu humidification ndi kutentha kwa mpweya kulowa mwa mphuno.

Kuwonjezera fupa ndi chichereŵechereŵe, zomwe zimapezeka mu mapangidwe mphuno ndi kuteteza kake, ambiri ntchito zimagwiridwa ndi nembanemba mucous wa m'mphuno. Iwo agawidwa m'magulu awiri; olfactory ndi kupuma. Dera olfactory ali mosamalitsa apadera ndipo lili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha zolandilira olfactory, cholinga kuzindikira zofukiza. The maselo a m'dera olfactory akhoza nkhale kapena pang'ono kutaya ntchito yake. Izi zimachitika pamene zikugwira ntchito mu zinthu fumbi kapena utsi, ndi chimfine pafupipafupi ndi matenda tizilombo, komanso kukhudzana aakulu ndi zinthu zoipa poizoni.

Ambiri a m'mphuno ndi kumalumikiza kupuma mucosa chigawo kukhala kuchuluka kwa mbali structural. mbali izi zochokera kwenikweni kwa processing wa anakhala mpweya kudzera M'mimbamo m'mphuno. Padziko lonse kupuma Kakhungu mucous ali ndi nambala yaikulu cilia, amene atsekerezedwa ndi fumbi, ndi chifukwa osaleka kugwedera kwa cilia kwa kuchoka, iwo achotsedwa mofulumira zokwanira. Komanso lonse mucosal pamwamba lili yeniyeni zopangitsa mucosal kuti secrete ntchofu makamaka kusonkhanitsa fumbi pamwamba pake ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, kenako evacuates iwo. The zikuchokera ntchofu zimenezi zimaphatikizapo zinthu zambiri yomenyana tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo. Mpanda patsogolo mwachindunji pansi nembanemba mucous ndi ya magudumu venous plexus, cholinga chachikulu cha zimene - pa Kutentha kwa mpweya kulowa mphuno.

Monga tanena kapangidwe ka mphuno zambiri zovuta kuposa Zingaoneke koyamba. mphuno zathu ali wapadera "chinsinsi chipinda" - sinuses m'mphuno lotseguka mu m'mphuno ndi kuchita zina Kutentha mpweya. Sinuses okutidwa ndi mucous, pali okwana mitundu 4:

1. maxillary kapena maxillary nkusani. Iwo ili kumanja ndi kusiyidwa mu makulidwe a nsagwada chapamwamba. The zolowetsa wa sinuses izi pafupifupi zophimbidwa ndi Kakhungu mucous.

2. nkusani mazunzo amadziwikanso wophatikizidwa, iwo zili fupa mazunzo.

3. Mu thupi la fupa ethmoid anapereka ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo ndi ethmoid sinuses.

4. chizindikiro cha kutsekeka sphenoid ndi Turkey chishalo mu thupi la fupa sphenoid.