Kaswili wa vertebrae khomo lachiberekero, kapangidwe ndi ntchito

msana munthu linapangidwa oposa 30 vertebrae, amene amaphatikizidwa mu 5 magawano. Izi khomo lachiberekero, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum ndi coccyx. Aliyense wa msana ndi ntchito zake ndi mbali structural. Pali kusiyana pakati pa vertebrae, pa onama ndi owona. Sacrum ndi coccyx akhoza zimachitika gulu la vertebrae onyenga.

msana khomo lachiberekero

Zingati wa vertebrae khomo lachiberekero ndi osiyana ndi enawo? Kodi iwo amaoneka? mafunso awa mosavuta adayankha, podziwa dongosolo la msana.

Mu nsana, 7 khomo lachiberekero vertebrae, amene ali owona mu gulu. Iwo zolumukizidwa ndi mzake wapadera mitsempha-akulu zida, zomwe zikuphatikizapo zimbale intervertebral ndi mafupa. kapangidwe kusintha limakupatsani kuyendetsa pamene galimoto pochepetsa katundu pa msana ndi kuonetsetsa chitetezo chake.

ndi vertebrae onse a msana khomo lachiberekero msinkhu, kukhala ndi kupanga lordosis - ndi kupinda wapadera mmbali amatikumbutsa concavity. Aliyense linkawonongeka ndi osiyana Chrixitu.

The thunthu la linkawonongeka khomo lachiberekero, woyamba ndi wachiwiri, zimasiyana ena onse. Chifukwa vertebrae 1 ndi 2, munthu akhoza mutu wake pambali ndi tilts mutu.

thunthu la linkawonongeka ndi

Kapangidwe ka vertebrae kwa aliyense mofanana. Aliyense linkawonongeka chili ndi thupi ndi njira ina Arc. Thupi - ichi unakhuthala gawo linkawonongeka lomwe pamwamba ndi pansi loyang'anizana kwa ena vertebrae, kutsogolo ndi mbali concave pamwamba zochepa, kumbuyo flattened.

Zonse za thupi vertebral ali okonzeka ndi dzenje chakudya kudzera amene mitsempha ya magazi ndi mapeto mitsempha.

Arc wa linkawonongeka ndi imagwiritsidwa foramen vertebral Kuchepetsa mmbuyo ndi mbali. Inali pamwamba mzake, arcs kupanga ngalande msana. Pakuti iye chingwe msana akudutsa.

Posterolateral nkhope matupi vertebral amayamba kuchepetsa anapanga vertebral Chipilala phazi wakupambana mu mbale vertebral Chipilala.

Pa kali ndi (chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi) miyendo ndi ziwalo vertebral odulidwa. Kutsatira ndi linkawonongeka pafupi, iwo apanga dzenje intervertebral.

Arc linkawonongeka ali njira 7. ndondomeko Spinous imatsogoleredwa posteriorly. Otsala 6 wophatikizidwa. Olowa chapamwamba, m'munsi olowa ndi njira yopingasa.

Onse 4 zili ndi articular ndondomeko pamalo olowa. Ndi thandizo lawo, vertebrae moyandikana ndi chimayendera limodzi.

Kaswili wa vertebrae khomo lachiberekero

Khomo lachiberekero vertebrae mankhwala otchedwa otchulidwa alphanumeric (kalata C ndi nambala 1 mpaka 7). vertebrae The yodziwika ndi matupi otsika anawonjezera kunsi. concave pamwamba pa thupi (chapamwamba bwino, kutsogolo m'munsi kumbuyo). Pa 3-6 vertebrae pa chapamwamba padziko noticeable m'mbali okwera mbali zomwe ndi mbedza thupi.

dzenje peresenti losiyana mawonekedwe triangular, yotakata.

njira Articular ndi china, lalifupi, obliquely ataima, ndipo pamwamba kapena pang'ono otukukira kunja kapena mosabisa.

Spinous ndondomeko kuyambira 2, 7 kutha vertebrae pang'onopang'ono lengthened. 6 linkawonongeka ng'ambidwa pa mapeto, ndi downwards pang'ono otsamira.

Njira yopingasa ndi yaifupi, opita ku mbali. Pamwamba pa chilichonse lokwera chimafikira mzere. Iwo ukugawa tokhala pa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, monga chitadutsa mitsempha msana.

Kaswili wa linkawonongeka khomo lachiberekero ndi chidwi kusiyana kwake. Mwachitsanzo, 6 linkawonongeka makamaka anayamba Lobe kutsogolo. Pafupi kwa icho apo akudutsa carotid mtsempha wamagazi, amene mwamtundu kutaya magazi kwa iye. Choncho, kugundana amatchedwa kuwodzera.

Njira yopingasa anapanga ndi njira ziwiri. Front - ndi rudiment wa nthiti, kumbuyo - nokha ndondomeko. njira onse - izo amatsegula oyima. Dzenje otchedwa vertebral magazi, monga kudutsa mtsempha wamagazi vertebral ndi Vienna ndi wachifundo plexus mantha.

Yosiyana ndi ena vertebrae ndi

Kuchokera vertebrae otsala amasiyana: woyamba khomo lachiberekero linkawonongeka (Buku la mapu) ndi wachiwiri (olamulira linkawonongeka), ndi chiwiri (yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda linkawonongeka).

The linkawonongeka loyamba

Mu Buku la mapu alibe thupi ndi ndondomeko spinous. Linkawonongeka ankayimiridwa ngati mphete popangidwa ndi arcs awiri (kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo). arcs awa cholukanalukana ndi misa wapadera lateral. Top chowulungika concavity chikugwirizana ndi fupa occipital, ndi pansi ndi pafupifupi lathyathyathya padziko linkawonongeka chachiwiri.

Kutsogolo Arc ali bampu, kumbuyoko pali malo aang'ono a kneecap - dzino dzenje.

Pa kumbuyo kwa Arc ndi tubercle, ndi pamwamba pa mzere, pali mtsempha wamagazi vertebral (nthawizina n'kukhala njira).

Kaswili wa khomo lachiberekero Buku la mapu vertebrae ndi wapadera mwa ena. Pamodzi ndi awiri mitundu vertebrae osakaniza wapadera amene amalola kuchita izikhala mutu.

linkawonongeka yachiwiri

The linkawonongeka chachiwiri ali ndi upwardly anawalozera kwa dzino thupi, nsonga amene malekezero (linanena ndi fossa dzino Buku la mapu zapambuyo articular padziko, ndi yopingasa mitsempha Buku la mapu olowa pafupi ndi pamwamba kumbuyo).

Iwo imazungulira kuzungulira dzino chigaza ndi woyamba linkawonongeka khomo lachiberekero.

njira yopingasa popanda tokhala ndi grooves kwa mitsempha msana.

chiwiri linkawonongeka

Wokamba chiwiri khomo lachiberekero linkawonongeka ndi osiyana mu kuti ali yaitali spinous ndondomeko (nerazdvoenny). Iye kuwaona ndi maso wamaliseche, ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kumva kunja kudzera pakhungu. Chifukwa cha mbali iyi, ndipo nalo dzina lake. Kuphatikiza apo, wina linkawonongeka ndi njira yaitali yopingasa. Maenje ngati kapena wamng'ono, kapena kwathu kapena kwina.

M'munsi m'mphepete mwa mbali pamwamba pa thupi limakhudza mbali (costal fossa). Izi otchedwa mphambano njanji ndi mutu 1 nthiti.

Onse vertebrae khomo lachiberekero - ndi amphamvu ndi olimba mafupa. Kudziwa makhalidwe awo, zikhoza anatsimikiza msana fupa maonekedwe.