Kodi mantha dongosolo? Mantha dongosolo, boma ndi kuteteza

, человек узнает еще в школьные годы. chakuti dongosolo chotero mantha, Munthu akaphunzira mu masiku sukulu. Mu zamoyo kalasi amapereka zambiri za thupi lonse ndi ziwalo munthu makamaka. Monga mbali ya maphunziro a kusukulu, ana kuphunzira kuti boma ya ubongo zimadalira uziyenda yachibadwa ya thupi. Kukachitika kuti ngozi akusokoneza ndi ziwalo zina. Pali zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe kumlingo zingamvekere. характеризуют как одно из важнейших звеньев организма. wamanjenje dongosolo amakhala ngati imodzi mwa mbali zofunika kwambiri za thupi. Izo zimayambitsa umodzi zinchito za nyumba mkati mwa thupi la munthu ndi ubale ndi chilengedwe kunja. Tiyeni tione zimene mantha dongosolo.

kapangidwe

Kumvetsa zimene mantha dongosolo, m'pofunika kufufuza zinthu zake zonse payokha. Monga structural wagawo zokhudza ubongo. Ndi khungu ndi zokhudzana. unyolo anapangidwa kuchokera manyuroni. Ndikuyankhula zomwe wamanjenje dongosolo, izo ayeneranso ananena kuti wapangidwa ndi magulu awiri: chapakati ndi zotumphukira. Zoyambazo monga ubongo ndi msana, wachiwiri - ndi zinyalala ku misempha izi ndi mfundo. Conventionally, wamanjenje dongosolo lagawidwa ndi autonomic ndi somatic.

maselo

Iwo agawidwa m'magulu awiri lalikulu lomwe afferent ndi efferent. начинается с рецепторов. Mantha dongosolo akuyamba ndi lilime la. Amaonera kuwala, phokoso, fungo. Efferent - galimoto - maselo kupanga ndi kutumiza zikhumbo ziwalo yeniyeni. Iwo amakhala ndi thupi ndi phata, njira zambiri, wotchedwa dendrites. The foni mitsempha anali olekanitsidwa CHIKWANGWANI - axon. M'litali kungakhale 1-1.5 mm. Axons kupereka zimachitika HIV. The nembanemba maselo udindo amaonera kukoma ndi kununkhiza, ndi couplings wapadera. Iwo anatani zinthu zina ndi kusintha udindo wake.

dipatimenti vegetative

обеспечивает работу внутренних органов, желез, лимфатических и кровеносных сосудов. Ntchito ya ubongo amatipatsa ziwalo za m'kati, zopangitsa, lymph ndi magazi zotengera. Kumlingo, izo zimayambitsa ndi kugwira ntchito kwa minofu. Dongosolo autonomic allocates ndi parasympathetic ndi wachifundo magawano. Yotsirizira amapereka mwana dilation ndi zazing'ono Airways, kuthamanga, kuchuluka kugunda kwa mtima, ndi zina zotero. Kudulidwa parasympathetic ndi udindo kugwira ntchito ziwalo zoberekera, chikhodzodzo, rectum. Kuyambira izo zinafika zilakolako kuti yambitsa ena misempha (oculomotor, glossopharyngeal Mwachitsanzo). Malo zili thunthu mu ubongo ndi gawo sacral wa chingwe msana.

pathologies

Matenda a dongosolo autonomic akhoza wabwino ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, matenda ndi zotsatira za pathologies ena, monga choipa mutu, poizoni, matenda. Disruptions mu dongosolo autonomic akhoza wabwino ndi chosowa mavitamini, kawirikawiri maganizo. Kawirikawiri matenda "masked" pathologies ena. Mwachitsanzo, kuswa pa khomo lachiberekero kapena thoracic mfundo opareshoni thunthu amalembedwa ululu pachifuwa, anakafika kwa phewa. zizindikiro izi zikusonyeza kuti matenda a mtima, kotero odwala ndi zambiri osokonezeka kudwala.

msana

Kunja, izo akufanana pachingwe. . M'litali gawo ili la munthu wamkulu - za 41-45 masentimita awiri thickening alipo mu chingwe msana: lumbar ndi khomo lachiberekero. Iwo anapanga otchedwa dongosolo m'munsi ndi innervation wa malekezero chapamwamba. Mu chingwe msana pali mabungwe otsatirawa: sacral, lumbar, thoracic, khomo lachiberekero. Mulitali lonse ali ndi yofewa, olimba ndi arachnoid.

ubongo

Ndi ili mu chigaza cha. ubongo wapangidwa bwino ndi hemispheres kumanzere, mapulaniwo ndi cerebellum. Anapeza kuti kulemera kwa anthu kuposa akazi. chitukuko ubongo wake umayamba mu nthawi embryonic. Kukula chenicheni cha thupi ukufika pafupifupi zaka 20. Pofika kumapeto kwa moyo wa ubongo kulemera amachepetsa. Ndi kopanda m'madipatimenti:

1. Mapeto.
2. Wapakatikati.
3. Avereji.
4. Kumbuyo.
5. Oblong.

Chigawo

Iwo ali ndi ganglia woyambira ndi pakati olfactory. Chipolopolo kunja kwa hemispheres ali chitsanzo m'malo kobvuta. Ichi ndi chifukwa kukhalapo kwa odzigudubuza ndi grooves. Iwo amapanga semblance a "amatanthauza". Munthu aliyense ndi wapadera zojambula. Komabe, pali grooves angapo, yemweyo aliyense. Iwo amakulolani kuonetsetsa magawo asanu: mazunzo, parietal, occipital, kanthawi ndi chobisika.

bongo unconditioned

– ответная реакция на раздражители. The njira ya ubongo - yankho zikuchitika. bongo Unconditioned anaphunzira wotchuka Russian wasayansi, ngati I. P. Pavlov. motero ali makamaka lolunjika pa zitetezeke kwa thupi. The akuluakulu ndi chakudya, tentative, kumbuyo. Unconditioned bongo - kobadwa nako.

Gawo

bongo Unconditioned zinafufuzidwanso Simonov. Asayansi apeza magulu atatu a mayankho titadziwa lolingana ina chilengedwe chitukuko kumunda:

1. Vital. Iwo amapereka mitundu munthu ndi kuteteza thupi. bongo zikuphatikizapo chakudya, tentative, kumbuyo, kumwa, malamulo tulo, etc. The muyezo kwa maganizo ndi :. thupi imfa kusakhutira ndi zofunika zogwirizana kukhazikitsa zimene popanda nawo anthu ena a mtundu womwewo.
2. Role. bongo awa anazindikira okha mogwirizana ndi ena a mtundu womwewo. motero kupanga maziko a makolo, ndi zina zotero malo. Khalidwe. mawunikidwe izi nzofunikira makamaka "chisoni", ndi kumveka bwino maganizo, kupanga gulu wolowezana umene aliyense payekha ali ndi udindo waukulu - kholo, bwenzi, mwana, mlendo kapena khamu osiyanasiyana, mtsogoleri kapolo, ndi zina zotero.
3. Zochita zawo. bongo izi akuuzidwa kuti chitukuko cha mapangidwe danga nthawi, iwo zam'tsogolo. Zimenezi khalidwe exploratory, kayeseleledwe, ndi kulimbikira.

orientating reflex

Tisonyeza zimenezo mwa tcheru musanaganizire kwenikweni, limodzi ndi kuchuluka minofu kamvekedwe. Likutchedwa reflex latsopano kapena zosayembekezeka kuwalimbikitsa. Asayansi kuitana linachepa "nastorazhivanie", nkhawa, anadabwa. Pali magawo atatu a chitukuko:

1. Kuchotsa ntchito panopa, kukonza kaimidwe. Simon limautcha wamba (proactive) braking. Iwo ikutuluka maonekedwe a mbendera aliyense ndi kuwalimbikitsa osadziwika.
2. Kupita kuchita "kutsegula". Pa nthawi imeneyi, thupi kunditumiza ku chivomerezocho reflex kwa Mwina okumana ndi zochitika mwadzidzidzi. Izi zimaoneka kuwonjezeka chonse minofu kamvekedwe. Mu gawo ili pali polycomponent anachita. Pamafunikanso kwa mutu, motsogozedwa diso kuwalimbikitsa.
3. Kukondetsa munda nzothandiza makamaka chiyambi cha kusiyanitsidwa chizindikiro kusanthula ndi kusankha ayankhe.

mtengo

Orienting reflex ndi mbali ya makhalidwe exploratory. Izi makamaka apeza malo atsopano. ntchito Research akhoza kuyang'ana pa chitukuko ndi luso, ndi kufufuza chinthu kuti akhoza kukwaniritsa chidwi. Komanso, angapereke ndiponso tione tanthauzo la nzothandiza lapansi. Imeneyi, pali tilinazo kukula kwa chowunikira lapansi.

limagwirira

kukhazikitsa ndi chotsatira cha lathu reflex mogwirizana wamphamvu pakati pa kuchuluka kwa mabungwe nonspecific ndi CNS zinthu zenizeni. Gawo ambiri kutsegula, mwachitsanzo, kugwirizana ndi Launch la mapangidwe reticular ndi chiyambi cha zowombetsa mkota malemeredwe kotekisi. Mu kusanthula kufunika nzothandiza chachikulu ndi kusakanikirana cortico-limbic-thalamic. Yofunika kwambiri apa limabweretsa hippocampus lapansi.

bongo zowongolera

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka 19-20. Pavlov, nthawi yaitali kufufuza ntchito zopangitsa za m'mimba, kuzindikiridwa nyama experimental zotsatirazi chodabwitsa. Kuchuluka katulutsidwe wa madzi muzituluka ndi malovu zimachitika nthawi zonse, osati mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi chakudya kapepala kakuti m'mimba, komanso pokonzekera kulandira izo. Pa nthawi imeneyo, limagwirira wa chodabwitsa sikuti kudziwika. Asayansi kufotokoza wake "kukondoweza maganizo" zopangitsa. Mu maphunziro wotsatira, linachepa ikuchitika Pavlov kuti makonzedwe (kuthi) bongo. Iwo akhoza kuoneka ndi kutha mu njira ya moyo. Pakuti maonekedwe mmene wabwino muyenera zikugwirizana zikuchitika awiri. Mmodzi wa iwo nthawi iliyonse akapsa kuyankha zachilengedwe - ndi unconditioned reflex. Chachiwiri, view kwa chizolowezi, zilibe imfayo anachita iliyonse. Iwo limanenedwa ngati opanda chidwi (osayanjanitsika). Anaonekera kwa reflex wabwino, ndi kuwalimbikitsa chachiwiri kuyamba zimakhudzira pamaso Mtheradi, masekondi angapo. M'menemo woyamba tanthauzo kwachilengedwenso ayenera zing'onozing'ono.

Protection ya ubongo

Monga mukudziwa, thupi bwanji zosiyanasiyana zinthu. сказывается на работе других органов. Ulili ya ubongo zimakhudza ntchito matupi ena. Ngakhale looneka zolakwika yaing'ono kungayambitse matenda aakulu. Pankhaniyi, iwo nthawi zonse zogwirizana ndi mantha dongosolo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, chidwi kwambiri ziperekedwe kwa zodzitetezera. раздражающих факторов. Sitepe yoyamba ndi kuti muchepetse pa mantha dongosolo irritants. Amadziwika kuti nkhawa maganizo chifukwa cha pathologies mtima. Chithandizo cha matenda amenewa ndi mankhwala komanso physiotherapy thupi mankhwala ndi zina zotero. Chofunika kwambiri ndi zakudya. Kuyambira kudya zakudya zopatsa nthanzi zimadalira udindo wa kachitidwe konseko ndi ziwalo. Chakudya ayenera kukhala ndi chakudya chokwanira ndiponso mavitamini. Akatswiri amalangiza kuti monga mu zakudya zomera zakudya, zitsamba, masamba ndi zipatso.

vitamini C

Iye ali ndi ubwino machitidwe onse thupi, kuphatikizapo mantha. Chifukwa vitamini C amaperekedwa pa mlingo ma wa linanena bungwe mphamvu. pawiri Izi zimafunika kaphatikizidwe wa ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Vitamini C ndi chimodzi mwa antioxidants amphamvu kwambiri, izo neutralizes zotsatira zoipa ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira ufulu ndi yolumikiza iwo. Komanso, chinthu amatha kumapangitsanso ntchito ndi antioxidants ena. Pakati pawo, vitamini E ndi selenium.

lecithin

Iwo amapereka njira yachibadwa mu wamanjenje dongosolo. Lecithin - zofunika zakudya kwa maselo. The zili chigawo zotumphukira ndi 17% mu ubongo - 30%. Ngati osakwanira otaya amapezeka lecithin amatopa. Munthu amakhala kukwiya, zomwe nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kuwonongeka mantha. Lecithin n'kofunika maselo onse m'thupi. Iwo ali nawo mu gulu la B-mavitamini ndi kulimbikitsa ulimi wa mphamvu. Komanso, lecithin kumatanthauza kupanga acetylcholine.

Music utatha wamanjenje dongosolo

Monga zinanenedwa pamwamba, matenda a chapakati mantha dongosolo miyeso achire mwina sakuphatikizapo mlingo wa mankhwala. Inde achire amasankhidwa, malingana ndi kuopsa kwa kuyan'anila za. достигается зачастую и без обращения к врачу. Nthawiyi, kutakasuka ya ubongo zimatheka zambiri popanda kutchula kwa dokotala. Munthu akhoza kupeza njira zawo kuthetsa mkwiyo. . Mwachitsanzo, pali malankhulidwe osiyana kuletsa wamanjenje dongosolo. Monga ulamuliro, ndi nyimbo pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri popanda mawu. Komabe, anthu ena Amachepetsa ndi ulendo. Pamene inu kusankha nyimbo kutsogoleredwa ndi zokonda zawo. Ndikofunikira kuona kuti nyimbo sanali maganizo. Lero, otchuka zokwanira kukhala wapadera ulesi mtundu wanyimbo. Chili chakale, nyimbo wowerengeka. The chizindikiro chachikulu cha ulesi nyimbo - mofewa chongosangalatsa. Iwo "anakulunga" womverayo, kupanga zofewa, koma cholimba "chikhungwa" kuteteza munthu ku zikuchitika kunja. Relaktsiruyuschaya nyimbo akhoza kukhala tingachipeze powerenga, koma osati symphonic. Kawirikawiri imagwiridwa ndi chida chimodzi: limba, gitala, zeze, zitoliro. Zingakhalenso nyimbo ndi recitative mobwerezabwereza ndi mawu osavuta. wotchuka kwambiri ndi phokoso la chikhalidwe - kukhwakhwaza masamba, phokoso la mvula, birdsong. Mogwirizana ndi nyimbo ya zida zambiri iwo itenge munthu kuchokera amangokhala ali pikitipikiti tsiku la mzinda mungoli, kuthetsa mantha ndi minofu kukungika. Akamalankhula analamula maganizo, chisangalalo agonjera ku sedation.