Katswiri wa mafilimu a kanema dziko ndi kuzindikira awo

Zonse zapamwamba tsopano odziwika mafilimu a kanema padziko lonse anakwanitsa kulera ambiri osiyana, nkhani zina zovuta, amene sanamulandire kuyankhula poyera. Komabe, sizinali nthawi zonse.

Adanyamuka 1895 mafilimu a kanema, ngati izo sizinali yomweyo chimodzi cha mitundu luso, mosiyana ndi zimene ambiri amakhulupirira. Kwa nthawi yaitali anali ngati zosangalatsa mumangonyong'onyeka anthu. Ziwembu ndi kanthu pa zenera adzaoneka, osati farcical.

Pamene mafilimu a kanema wapeza nkhope lake lenileni? N'zosadabwitsa kuti katswiri onse amaziona m'mafilimu dziko analandira kuzindikira kugulu si nthawi yomweyo. mtundu wa i kudziwa mafilimu akhoza ankaona mwina kufunika kwake kwa luso la amaziona m'mafilimu ambiri.

N'zosatheka kutchula ndendende pamene luso limeneli wapeza kalembedwe wake wa kulankhula. Koma tikhoza motsimikiza kuti katswiri wa mafilimu a kanema dziko woyamba unayamba kuonekera pamene otsogolera anaganiza sitepe wosimidwa pa nthawi - kuthana yovuta zina ndi ntchito.

Awa anali mafilimu kuti tiganize za makhalidwe wosatha ndi maloto, za tanthauzo la moyo. Nthawi zambiri, iwo sangakhoze ankaona wopanda malingaliro a zozama chifundo atchulidwa.

Ndipo potsiriza, iwo akhala luso m'lingaliro lenileni la mawu, monga wolemekezeka masomphenya mmodzi ndi luso kwambiri za nkhaniyo.

Tikhoza kunena kuti malamulo awa anamvera onse odziŵika lerolino dziko katswiri kanema mndandanda kumene mukhoza kuyamba ndi chikhomo filimu, monga "tsankho."

Kanemayu zinapangidwa ndi American wotsogolera DW Griffith, ndipo linasindikizidwa mu 1916. Mufilimuyi ankaona mwaluso za mafilimu a kanema chete. Azambiriyakale ngakhale kuzitcha izo yekha kinofugoy ake mtundu, chifukwa Griffith anatha kufotokoza osati mmodzi koma anayi nyengo - kuchokera Kale Ababulo mpaka 1914.

Chifukwa mafilimu ndi katswiri wa mafilimu a kanema dziko Iwo lotsogoledwa ndi "Intolerance"? Mkuluyu wakhala anatha kulenga chinsalu wapadera umene anasonyeza filimu amakakamiza zolinga mkulu ufulu wa anthu ku chinyengo, komanso mwatsatanetsatane mphamvu ya chikondi, lomwe amadziwa palibe malire.

Woneka chithunzi linakhala chete mantha filimu "Nosferatu" motsogoleredwa ndi mkulu German Fridrihom Murnau kumbuyo mu 1922, ndipo surreal lalifupi chete filimu "UN Chien Andalou", umakonzedwa ndi Spanish Salvador Dali ndi Luis Buñuel mu 1928.

Inde, ambiri a katswiri wa mafilimu a kanema dziko kawirikawiri nkhawa ndipo ngati nkhani pachimake monga Fascism. A chitsanzo chapadera ndi filimu "The Night Porter", anajambula mu 1974 ndi ku Italy wotchedwa Liliana Cavani.

Mufilimuyi - za kukopeka chosemphana ndi chikondi, kunabuka pakati pa akaidi oyamba zozunzirako ndi Nazi SS. Palibe patsogolo Cavani sanali kuwombera chirichonse chonga izo, m'pamenenso poyera, kotero filimu anachititsa chidwi chachikulu pa anthu.

Ponena za mafilimu a kanema Soviet. Inde, katswiri wa mafilimu a kanema dziko Zikuphatikizapo zambiri zojambula chodabwitsa ndi zidzasintha kubwera ku USSR.

Mmodzi wa atsogoleri ambiri aluso otchedwa Andreya Tarkovskogo. Kale kukhala mafilimu tingachipeze powerenga monga "Andrei Rublev" mu 1966 ndipo "Stalker" 1980, anajambula m'buku ndi abale Strugatsky, ndi mndandanda angathe. Pafupifupi wotsogolera chithunzi imatengedwa mwaluso.

Cinema chingakhale chosakwanira popanda mbuye zoterozo American wodzilamulira film, David Lynch. Mu 1980, anadabwa kwambiri dziko mwa kuchotsa filimu "Elephant Man" Yosefe Merrick - ndi chinyozo British, amene anakhalako chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi.