Kodi akale Perm, mbiri ya mzindawu, zokopa ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Pali mizinda ambiri abwino Russia. Ambiri a iwo akhoza kudzitama za zokonda zake, wolemera mbiri, chikhalidwe zokongola ndi zosiyanasiyana mfundo zosangalatsa. Mzinda uliwonse ndi kusiyana ndi mpweya wake wapadera ndipo ali mbali khalidwe zimene zimapezeka iye. Yotero ndi mzinda zodabwitsa za Perm. Iye akuyenera mwapadera chifukwa chachikulu mbiri ndi chikhalidwe cholowa. M'nkhani ino tikambirana mzinda, zaka zingati wa Perm, zokonda zake ndi zambiri.

Perm: mudziwe ambiri

m'tawuni lodabwitsa ili mu gawo European dziko lathu. mzinda ndi likulu la Perm Krai. Komanso apa ndi doko, limene lili pa Kama Mtsinje. Perm - ndi mzinda waukulu ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu. Monga wa 2016, anthu wamba anali anthu 1.041.876, omwe si mkulu. Momwe megacities Perm anaona kumapeto kwa zaka 70 XX atumwi. Kumene, anthu ambiri amachita chidwi ndi zaka zingati mzinda wa Perm. Yankho la funso limeneli tidzakambirana ina.

Iwo ananena kuti m'tawuni ali kufunika zofunika zoyendera. Kuwonjezera doko, ichi ndi mmene kukumana lalikulu likulu kuyambira mzinda ili pa Trans-Siberia Railway. Palinso bwino anayamba m'mafakitale ambiri. Komabe, mzinda si zipatso, komanso sayansi ndi chikhalidwe pakati.

Kodi akale Perm, pamene mzinda linakhazikitsidwa?

Choncho tinakumana ndi zina zambiri za mudzi. Ndithudi, Perm - mzinda waukulu mbiri imene akubwerera zaka zambiri. Pali zinthu zina zofunika zinachitika. Kumene, tiyenera kulankhula za zaka zingati Perm. Idamangidwa m'zaka XVIII. Ngati ife kulankhula za deti lenileni, izo zinachitika mu 1723. Iwo likukhalira kuti m'badwo wa mzinda ndi zaka 293. Mu 2023 Perm chikondwerero chikumbutso ake 300th. Kumene, poyerekeza ndi mizinda ina mu Russia, Perm - osati ngati mzinda wakale, koma ali ndi mbiri wolemera, tikambirana ina.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ena kuthetsa nthawi ankatchedwa Molotov. Izo zinachitika mu zaka 40 za m'ma XX. Koma posakhalitsa, mu 1957, mzindawu anadzatchedwa kumbuyo.

Mwina ambiri chidwi ndi funso liti tsiku la mzinda wa Perm. Chikondwerero chimenechi ndi chaka chilichonse pa tsiku linalake - 12 June.

Kotero, ife kum'dziwa bwino mzinda uwu wokongola, mukudziwa Perm zaka zingati, ndi tsiku maziko ake. Kumene, m'pofunika kumuuza za mbiri ya mzinda. Zakhala wolemera mu zochitika zosiyanasiyana zosangalatsa.

A pang'ono za dzina mzinda

Mayina a m'madera osiyanasiyana ndi nthawi ya masewera. Ena a iwo ndi zovuta ndikuganiza ndi mawu zinachitikadi. Komabe, si nthawi zonse, ndipo nthawizina zosatheka kumvetsa tanthauzo la dzina, popanda kuwaika zina magwero. Anthu ambiri kotero ntchito dzina "Perm" ndi simukuzindikira chomwe izo zikutanthauza.

mawu anaonekera kalelo. Akukhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha chinenero Veps. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nthambi ya Baltic ndi zinenero Chifinishi. mawu ali ndi tanthauzo "akutali m'dziko". Komanso atasinkhasinkha Mabaibulo ena za chiyambi cha mawu. Mmodzi mwa iwo anati kuti amachokera kwa Permian Komi mawu "kusintha" kutanthauza "kutali" kapena "Parma" (kutanthauziridwa monga "nkhalango"). Tsopano zimaonekeratu kumene dzina la mzinda wa Perm.

Mbiri ya mzinda wa Perm: monga anawonekera?

dera limeneli kuli anthu kale pamenepo adawonekera midzi choyamba. Mu Perm, zinabala kwambiri kwa malo pofukula, zomwe zinachititsa oposa 100 zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokhudzana ndi nthawi zosiyana wapezeka. M'zaka za m'ma XVII gawo la dziko lomwe tsopano mzinda a amalonda Stroganov. Panali midzi angapo Mwachitsanzo, mudzi ndi mudzi Zaostrovka otchedwa mullahs Upper.

Perm m'munsi, monga tatchulazi, amatanthauza 1723. Zinali ndiye kuti pali anayamba kumanga chomera mkuwa yadothi. Ine ndikudabwa kodi preconditions zinalili pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mzinda kuno? Amadziwika kuti 1720 anapita kuno VN Tatishchev pansi dongosolo la Peter I. Zinali bwino kusankha malo yomanga tsogolo la zomera zosiyanasiyana. Iye anasankha m'mudzi wotchedwa Yegoshikha, chifukwa kumene kunali nkhokwe miyala mkuwa.

Komanso, kuthetsa ali ndi yabwino zoyendera malo. Patapita nthawi, ntchito yomanga wobvomerezeka, ndipo apa yomanga chomera anayamba. Choncho, zimaonekeratu, pamene idamangidwa ndi anthu ammudzi, ndi zaka zingati adzatembenuza mzinda wa Perm. Tikuphunzira chiyani zinthu zilili m'madera amenewa pamaso pa Kubwera kwa mzinda.

Mbiri wotsatira wa Perm

Kumene, ndi chidwi mmene mzinda anayamba zina. Pang'onopang'ono tawuni anayamba. Mu 1780, Catherine II anaganiza kukhazikitsa pafupi ndi chomera mzinda alipo watsopano - Perm. Pambuyo pake, mzinda anayamba mwachangu kumangidwa, panali anamanga nyumba zosiyanasiyana boma mabungwe, misewu ndi zambiri. Kale mu 1796, idamangidwa Perm Province, likulu la anachita Perm.

Kuyambira pamenepo, mzinda anayamba kukula ngakhale mofulumira. Kumapeto kwa XIX m'ma anayamba kumanga njanji mbali zingapo. Pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba kutsegula mabungwe osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi luso, chikhalidwe ndi sayansi. Opera ndipo Ballet Theatre inamangidwa, komanso mafilimu a kanema choyamba.

Komabe, ulimi zakhudza Perm, komanso midzi ina ya Russia. Tikambirana ina.

Kuukira ndi nthawi Soviet

Monga amadziwika, mbiri ya mzinda wa Perm ali zambiri zochitika. Mmodzi wa iwo - kusintha. Mu 1917, chinachitika apa. Pa November 8, mzindawo anatuluka uthenga kuti October kuukira boma anayamba. Poyamba, pafupifupi anthu onse a Bungwe la City wolakwa kusuntha. Komabe, patapita kanthawi, msonkhano, amene analengeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa mphamvu Soviet.

Zitachitika izi, anthu mzinda lakula kwambiri. Kuyambira 1926 1939 chiwerengero cha anthu chawonjezeka kambirimbiri, ndi 84 zikwi. Kuti 306 zikwi. Man. Koma ndi 1970 Perm anakhala mizinda.

Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mzindawo unali kutengapo mbali polimbana ndi Aisiraeli. Ambiri mwa makampani a mumzindawo anali kuigwiritsa ntchito pa zankhondo. Pali unapangidwa bungwe yopanga zida, zida, wothandizila mankhwala.

zowoneka za mzinda

Takambirana kale anachitira ndi chiwerengero cha zaka mzinda wa Perm, koposa kudziwa mzinda uno, komanso kuti adziwane bwino ndi mbiri yake. Mzindawu uli zokopa ambiri, ndiwo sindilephera. Nthawi zambiri mu Perm angapezeke zipilala zosiyanasiyana mapulani. Chidwi kwambiri ndi Nyumba ya Meshkov. Ichi ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri Russian classicism kalembedwe. N'kosatheka kulabadira nyumba ina chidwi - House Gribushin. Iwo unalengedwa patsogolo pang'ono, nyumbayi analengedwa mu kalembedwe Art Nouveau.

M'mizinda yambiri ku Perm ndi chipilala kuti VI Lenin. Iye ali ndi udindo wapadera ndipo ali m'gulu la mndandanda wa tanthauzo feduro. The chipilala chinamasulidwa mu 1955. Mzindawu uli ndi zipilala watsopano. Mwachitsanzo, mwala chipilala "Nthano ya Perm Nyamuliranani" apa linakhazikitsidwa mu 2006. Chosema walandira kutchuka kwambiri ndipo ambiri kulengeza. Kenako, m'malo ndi mkuwa ndi anasamukira kudera lina.

Wagwidwa Perm, muyenera ndithudi kufufuza malo zodabwitsa monga nyumba Bishop wa, Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral ndi zina zambiri.

Zosangalatsa za mzinda

Kumene, chifukwa mbiri yake wolemera, Perm wazunguliridwa ndi chiwerengero cha mfundo zosangalatsa. Izo kale ankaiphwasula zambiri za mudzi, zokopa ndi zambiri. Tinaphunzira za zaka zingati Perm chilipo kale, kusonyeza tsiku mzinda. Muyenera ndithudi kuuza ena mfundo zosangalatsa za mzinda.

Mu 1842, moto waukulu inayamba mu mzinda, chifukwa mu dziko lonse chapakati mbali ya mzinda wa anawonongedwa. Tikudziwanso kuti mu 1914 panali madzi. Kama Mtsinje pomizika ndi madzi anasefukira midzi yambiri. Madzi kumeneko akwera ndi mochuluka momwe 11 mamita. Makamaka chidwi n'chakuti woyamba masitampu Soviet anali operekedwa Perm.