Kodi chidwi Turan m'zigwa. zipululu ake, mitsinje ndi nyanja

Turan lowland - limodzi mwa madera chidwi kwambiri a Kazakhstan ndi ku Central Asia. Kamodzi pa mfundo iyi anatambasula nyanja, ndi zotsala za amene ali Caspian zamakono Nyanja Aral. Panopa, ndi chigwa chachikulu, pamene gawo lawo wotanganidwa ndi m'chipululu cha Karakum, Kyzylkum ndi ena.

Kodi Turan lowland

Chikhalidwe cha m'dera lino zimadalira malo linalake. Turan lowland lili m'dera la limati atatu mwayekha - Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan ndi Kazakhstan. The malangizo kumpoto ndi kum'mwera chimafikira lowland 1.6 zikwi makilomita ndi malangizo kumadzulo kum'mawa - .. Pa makilomita chikwi, agwilitse linali lalikulu.

dzina m'maderawa anachokera ku mawu akuti "Turan", "dziko" maulendo. Dzina limeneli linalembedwa mu buku loyera la Chizorowasita - Avesta, omwe unalembedwa zaka 1000 BC. Ofufuza amasonyeza kuti "maulendo" - ndi steppe aria.

The dera wolemera mchere (mafuta, gasi, golide, sulfure, etc.) ambiri anayamba ziweto ndi ulimi ulimi wothirira.

mpumulo

Relief Turan lowland makamaka m'malo wofatsa chikhalidwe, kusintha kukwezedwa ndi ochepa. Komabe, apa zigwa interspersed ndi okwera ambiri ndi matendawa,. Mfundo wotsikitsitsa ndi lowland Karagiye, okwera omwe - opanda mamita 132 (pansi pa nyanja), ndi chimbuzi - phiri Tamdytau (0.922 km).

The okwera pafupifupi derali mamita 200-300 pamwamba pa nyanja. Malo ambiri okwera a Turan m'zigwa ndi Kyzylkum kuchipululu avareji okwera 0.388 Km. Kale, Turan lowland anali chachikulu kumtunda pansi panyanja, zotsala zimene masiku ano ndi Aral ndi Caspian Pacific.

Kyzylkum chipululu, yokutidwa Karakum mchenga ndi malo kutchulidwa aeolian. Pano mukhoza amasirira mchenga mapiri, milu ndi milu.

nyengo

Nyengo ya dera ndi zikuchepa chokhala ndi chipululu, anatsimikiza ndi maonekedwe ake lawolawo. Choyamba, Turan m'zigwa lagona mu mtima m'dzikoli. Pa mtunda wautali pa nyanja ndi mafunde yonyowa mpweya. Kachiwiri, kuchokera kum'mwera ndi kum'mwera kumadzulo malangizo Turan lowland zopinga zochepa phiri kuti kufooketsa kufalitsidwa mpweya misa.

Zonse izi zimawapangitsa dera youma kwambiri ndipo mkati mwa madera ambiri a chipululu. Pankhaniyi, ndi kumpoto ndi kum'mwera mpweya amamuchititsa ndichepe, ndi matalikidwe wa kusinthasintha kutentha ukuwonjezeka.

Dongosolo mtsinje m'dera

Chifukwa makhalidwe nyengo Intaneti mtsinje m'maderawa ndi bwino akupangidwa ankaimira makamaka ndi mitsinje Syr Darya ndi Amu Darya mitsinje m'Nyanja Aral. Izo, nawonso - Ndipotu nyanja Turan m'zigwa. Ndipo m'zaka za m'ma watha chifukwa chitukuko yogwira ulimi yafupika kwambiri otaya Amudarya ndi Syrdarya - pang'ono kusiya, kuchititsa pang'onopang'ono kuyanika kwa Nyanja Aral ndipo ambiri mwa mavuto zachilengedwe. Turan lowland mtsinje Syrdarya ukugawa gawo pawiri wosiyana - kumpoto ndi kum'mwera. Kuwonjezera mitsinje awiri aakulu, pa Turan otsika cha kum'mwera chakum'mawa - kumpoto chakumadzulo mwagona zouma mphasa kwa mtsinje Uzboi.

Karakum

The Karakum mchipululu ( "mchenga wakuda") ali m'madera ambiri mamita lalikulu 350 zikwi. Km. Chiyambi cha dzina, mwina chifukwa zomera kuti m'chilimwe wotaya mtundu wobiriwira. Ndipo mchenga milu amatchedwa dera limeneli limatchedwa-Kum ( "woyera mchenga"). Karakum akadali amadziwika mchenga wake anapeza Temple City Gonur Depe, apa kupembedza moto.

Chipululu ndi louma kwambiri ndi pafupifupi aziopa. M'chaka pano imagwera m'madera osiyanasiyana 60-150 mamilimita a mvula, ndi ambiri a iwo (70%) imagwera pa nyengo yozizira. Ndi otentha kwambiri chilimwe, kutentha zina kukacha 50 ^0, ndi mchenga wokha sukhalira usavutike 80, kupanga kayendedwe ka nsapato pa izo losatheka. M'nyengo yozizira pali frosts kwambiri, nthawi zina thermometer akutsikira m'munsimu 30 ⁰ Celsius.

Ngakhale nyengo siili m'chipululu mumakhala nyama zambiri - fulu, chilombo mphaka, zosiyanasiyana makoswe, zinkhanira, njoka, etc. Mu gawo kumpoto m'zipululu dongo Turan lowland saigas moyo ndi agwape. Mwina chidwi chachikulu kwa chipululu ndi Chigwa wokongola Darwaza, zomwe anthu am'deralo yerekezerani kuti khomo ili ku gehena. mfundo ndi yakuti pambuyo zinalephereka pobowola ndi kuboola makina kugwa kudzera nthaka pansi anakwera gasi, kuopseza poizoni midzi yapafupi. Pofuna kupewa izi, anaganiza azinyadira mpweya. Choncho woyaka 60m nyuzi kutalika lawi akuthawira nthawi zina kuposa mamita 10.

Kyzylkum

Izi yaikulu m'chipululu m'dera ku Central Asia. Pa gawo la Kazakhstan masiku ano okha gawo lake kumpoto.

Chipululu, dzina angamasuliridwe monga "mchenga wofiira" unali pakati pa mitsinje Amu Darya ndi Syr Darya. mchenga wake kwenikweni pabuka hue. Iwo aeolian ndi alluvial chiyambi, ndi Paleogene zaka. Mchipululu ali makilomita lalikulu 300,000. Sands wosatha ndi interspersed ndi mapiri ang'onoang'ono outlier (zosakwana kilometre mu msinkhu). Mathirakiti a mchenga popangidwa ndi mphepo, nthawizina kufika msinkhu wa mamita 75.

Mosiyana ndi mlongo wake Turan (Karakum), Kyzylkum bwino kwambiri moyo. Apa msipu ng'ombe yaing'ono, ndi uyamiko kwa madzi artesian ku Syr Darya ndi njira m'madera ena amakwanitsa kuti azikolola mpunga, mphesa ndi zipatso.