Nyanja Aral: vuto la padziko lonse

Ngakhale pamaso pa chiyambi cha zaka zao za sikisite zaka mazana makumi awiri, Nyanja Aral Zinali chachinayi padziko lonse lapansi nyanja. Zonsezi zinayamba ndi tima madzi zosangalatsa ulimi wothirira wa thonje ndi mpunga minda m'mitsinje yomwe kudyetsa Nyanja Aral - ndi Amu Darya ndi Syr Darya, kuti kusanduka mfundo yovuta nadzaza nyanja. Ndiyeno, mu zaka zao za sikisite oyambirira, unayambitsidwa kale sizingasinthe kuthetsa kuyanika ndondomeko ... Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, vuto Aral Sea.

Mu 1989, Aral Nyanja pawiri akutali dziwe - South Aral Nyanja, limabweretsa Uzbekistan ndi North Aral Nyanja - Kazakhstan. Pofika chaka cha 1996 kuti anataya ¾ voliyumu yake madzi, ndi zambiri za anthu kuti achoke m'deralo. K 2003 - kuchuluka kwa madzi anali pafupifupi 10%, ndipo malo ake pamwamba - kota ya pachiyambi. Gombe ndi anangolemba 100-150km, amenewa chawonjezeka kawiri ndi theka. Aumbike mwa kamodzi pa nyanja mchenga ndi saline chipululu, malo 38,000 km2, wakhala dzina lake Aralkum.

Pambuyo kuthawa nyanja anakhalabe youma nyanja, yokutidwa ndi madipoziti mchere ndi mankhwala ulimi ndi mankhwala kusambitsa nthawi ndi minda ya m'deralo. Pafupipafupi fumbi mikuntho, ankaikira chipululu, kukatenga izo zonse mu mlengalenga ndi kufalitsa pa gawo lalikulu. Fumbi zambiri lapita patali mpaka 700-800km ndi kufika m'madera amenewa Russian monga Chelyabinsk ndipo Orenburg zigawo. Munthu wina akapuma ngati chakupha fumbi Zimalepheretsa thanzi anthu, amachepetsa chitetezo chokwanira, zikubweretsa thupi lawo siligwirizana ndi ambiri matenda ena oopsa. Anthu wamba, umboni ndi madokotala, amadwala matenda ambiri kupuma, matenda m'mimba, matenda a khansa ya kum'mero ndi pakhosi, magazi m'thupi. Milandu ya matenda a impso, matenda diso ndi chiwindi.

Nyanja Aral anali kamodzi olemera nsomba katundu. Tsopano mlingo wa amenewa ali kwambiri moti mitundu ya nsomba anamwalira. Wokhala ambiri m'zaka zaposachedwapa, utsalira ndi Black Sea nsomba ya taboti, kunja mu 70s, ndilo kwambiri ndinazolowera moyo mu madzi amchere nyanja, koma ndi 2003 inazimiririka ndipo iye anali, amenewa wa madzi ndi nthawi 2-4 kuposa anali alipidwa nyanja ake Lachitatu. minofu tsopano kukolola nsomba zambiri kuonetsa kwambiri mlingo wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndiponso mwachibadwa nawonso amakhudza umoyo priaraltsev. Nsomba ndi mafakitale processing chimatha ndi anthu akhala wopanda ntchito ...

mavuto chilengedwe Nyanja Aral anakhudzidwa osati dera Aral Sea. Padziko zouma imafalira chaka oposa 100 zikwi. Matani mchere ndi fumbi zabwino za kusakanizikana wa ziphe osiyana ndi mankhwala, ndi chikoka zoopsa pa mozungulira amoyo onse. Kuchuluka kuipitsa zotsatira kumathandiza chakuti Nyanja Aral ili mu njira ya amphamvu ndege mtsinje mpweya kumathandiza kuti kuchotsa fumbi mkulu zigawo za m'mlengalenga, choncho n'zosadabwitsa kuti tayamba mchere Umayenda anati mu Europe ndi ngakhale (amene Angamvetse!) Arctic Ocean .

Ndi kutsitsa madzi mu Aral adatchithisira mlingo pansi ndi imathandizira pa ndondomeko chipululu mtunda ozungulira. Kuyambira cha m'ma 1990s, m'malo zobiriwira zitsamba, mitengo ndi zitsamba amaonedwa kuno osowa matabwa zomera (Halophyte ndi Xerophytes) kusinthidwa kuti ziume ndi dothi saline. Nyama ndi mbalame, pakuchita chotero, anali palibe oposa theka a mitundu mbadwa. Nyengo mu 100 kilometre m'dera la gombe choyambirira anasintha m'nyengo yozizira anali yozizira chilimwe - motentha utachepa mlingo wa chinyezi, zomwe, ndithudi, bwanji kuchuluka kwa mpweya anamukwiyira zambiri anati chilala ndi zomera nthawi utachepa.

Kuwononga chilengedwe kungakhale mofulumira, ndi kumangidwanso - njira yaitali ndi zovuta. Complete kubwezeretsedwa kwa Nyanja Aral, kalanga, ndi zosatheka, koma anayesa kugwiritsa (ndipo anavutika) ayambe kumpoto - Small Aral. Boma la Kazakhstan ndi thandizo la World Bank ndi kuchita zinthu kusintha mlingo wake madzi ndipo potero kuchepetsa amenewa ake.