Kodi epidermis ndi chiyani? Makhalidwe a epidermis

Chophimba chamkati cha thupi chimakhala ndi zovuta kwambiri. Khungu ndi chiwalo chomwe chili ndi zigawo ziwiri. Icho chimapanga ntchito zingapo zofunika: kusinthana, kutentha kutentha, receptor, chitetezo. Ambiri amasangalala ndi zomwe epidermis ali, koma amaiwala za chigawo chachiwiri cha khungu - chizungu.

Maonekedwe a chivundikiro cha thupi

Khunguli liri ndi zigawo ziwiri - epidermis ndi udzu. Mbali yam'mwamba ya epithelial imagawidwa kuchokera kumunsi ndi mzere wosagwirizana, wavy. Kuwonekera kwake kumayambira chifukwa cha kukhalapo pamwamba pa khungu la mapiri apadera - papillae. Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndi stratified planar multilayered epithelium. Palibe mitsempha ya magazi mmenemo, ndipo chakudya chimabwera kwa izo kokha kuchokera ku mbola.

Pokambirana ndi matenda omwe ali ndi epidermis, pofufuza komwe kuli, ambiri amayamba chidwi ndi kapangidwe kake. Icho chimapangidwa ndi maselo, mosiyana mu mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe. Iwo amasonyeza magawo ena a moyo wawo. Kutalika kwa epidermis, malingana ndi malo a malo ake kungakhale kuchokera ku 0.07 mm mpaka 1.4 mm. Mdima wandiweyani uli pamwamba pa mapazi, palmu. Ndipo khungu la thinnest (lomwe lili pamwamba pake) liri m'dera la pubic, pamtunda, makutu a khutu ndi mimba.

Makhalidwe apamwamba a stratified corneum

Epidermis ili ndi zigawo zisanu zosiyana. Chigawo chake chachikulu chimatchedwa keratinocyte. Koma mawonekedwe a epidermis ndi ovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe angawonekere poyamba. Akatswiri amasiyanitsa zigawo izi:

• Basal (embryonic);
• Zowonongeka;
• Zosakaniza;
• Kumveka;
• Kutentha.

Aliyense wa iwo amachita ntchito yapadera ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe ake enieni.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti maselo a epidermal ali mu nthawi yatsopano yatsopano. Mu zigawozo ndi njira zoberekera, kusuntha, katalatini ndi sluschivaniya. Malingana ndi mbali yeniyeni ya thupi, ndondomeko yomaliza yatsopano ya epidermis ikhoza kutenga masiku 20 mpaka 30.

Chida cha corneum

Mbali yam'mwamba ya epidermis ili ndi maselo omwe ali pafupi kwambiri. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu stratum corneum ndizomwe zimapangidwira - zimatchedwa corneocytes. Maselo a epidermal awa ataya kale maselo a selo ndipo anadzazidwa ndi keratin.

Chifukwa cha izi, zigawozi zazingwezi zimatha kuteteza matenda omwe amayambitsa, kusintha kwa kutentha, kuyanika ndi kulowa mkati mwa mabakiteriya. Miyeso yamoto imagawidwa mu mitundu iwiri. Iwo akhoza kukhala ndi kukhuta kosasunthika kapena kofiira kwa keratin fibrils. Pamwamba ndi yachiwiri. Ndipo zoyamba zimapezeka pafupi ndi wosanjikiza. Mu mawonekedwe awo, n'zotheka kuzindikira zatsalira kuchokera ku ma organelle omwe analipo kale. Masikelo amenewa amatchedwa T-maselo.

Mbali yapamwamba ya epidermis ndi chosemphana kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi zigawo zingapo za maselo omwe ali kale omwe amaikidwa ndi lipids. Mwa njira, zinthu izi ndizo zikuluzikulu zowonongeka khungu.

Mzere wosangalatsa

Gawo ili la epidermis silimatchulidwa nthawi zonse. Ikutchedwanso kuti eleidin wosanjikiza. Ngati izo zikhoza kupezeka, zikuwoneka ngati chodutswa chochepa, chowala, chowala ndi yunifolomu. Chingwecho chinatchulidwa kokha chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake. Chigawo chake ndi chinthu chotchedwa eleidin. Ndicho chiyambi cha mankhwala owonjezera katalatini ya maselo. Amapezeka, monga lamulo, kokha khungu la mapepala ndi mitengo ya palmu. Amakhala ndi maselo ophwanyika.

Zosakanikirana zosakanikirana

Anthu omwe amamvetsetsa matendawa, apeze komwe kuli ndi kukumbukira makulidwe ake, kumvetsetsa kuti mbali iliyonse ya zigawo zake ndi zosayenerera. Choncho, granular wosanjikiza amakhala ndi mzere wokha 1-2 maselo m'madera omwe amapopera mitsempha. Koma ikhoza kukhala ndi mizere 10 ya maselo m'malo omwe khungu limakhala lalikulu kwambiri. Iwo ndi rhomboid, ophatikizana, ophatikizana, ndipo amatsindikizana kwambiri. Maselo omwe ali m'kati mwake amalephera kuthetsa. Mu cytoplasm awo pali mitundu iwiri ya granules: lamellar ndi keratogialin. Zilipo kuti mzere wautali wa selo iliyonse ya rhomboid ufanane ndi kuphulika kapena kupweteka kwa khungu.

Maselo achitsulo

Mosasamala kanthu za malo a khungu, gawo ili liri ndi mizere 5-10. Maselo omwe ali mmenemo ali ndi mawonekedwe a ma polygoni. Mukayang'aniridwa pansi pa microscope, simungathe kuwona khungu la khungu, komanso kuona maselo okhawo, malo ochepa pakati pawo ndi njira zochepa zomwe zimadutsa. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwawo, wosanjikiza ankatchedwa spiny.

Keratinocytes imagwirizana mu gawo ili la epidermis ndi desmosomes. Iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri: amawoneka ngati mbale 2, ndipo pakati pawo pali kusinthana pakati pao 4 electron-poyera ndi magawo atatu a magetsi. Ndi desmosomes yomwe imathandizira mawonekedwe a mkati mwa maselo, ndizo chigwirizano cha mgwirizano wamphamvu wa intercellular. Amagwiranso ntchito monga chotsatira cha tonofilaments. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti epidermis yaumunthu imakonzedwa motero kuti kuchuluka kwa desmosomes kumachepetsedwa kumtundu wapamwamba wa wosanjikiza.

Mapangidwe a maselo amafanana ndi zigawo za basal department. Koma nthawi yomweyo iwo ndi osiyana. Maselo a Thorn akugwirizanitsidwa ndi ambirimbiri a desmosomes, ndipo matumba a tonofilament ndi owopsa.

Maselo osambira

Mzerewu ndi wotalikirana kwambiri ndi khungu. Koma amapereka mwayi wonse kuti amvetse zomwe epidermis ili. Mzere wotsiriza pa bolodi la basal ulipo, umene umalepheretsa iwo kuchokera kumagulu ena. Maselo omwe ali mmenemo akukonzedwa mumzere umodzi. Zosanjikiza zomwe amapanga zimatchedwanso mimba. Pali mitundu yambiri ya maselo. Pali keratinocytes, melanocytes, lymphocytes, basophils of minofu. Ndiponso m'seri ndi maselo a Greenstein ndi Merkel.

Keranocytes m'kati mwake amawoneka ngati makina, omwe amaima pamtunda. Iwo amasiyana ndi mitundu iwiri: ndi malo apamwamba ndi otentha. Yoyamba mwa iwo igawanika, chifukwa cha iwo pali kusintha kwa maselo. Wachiwiri amachita ntchito yosungira. Koma ndi khungu lirilonse limayambitsa, amayamba kugawana nawo mwakhama.

Kumvetsetsa ndi kumvetsetsa momwe kapangidwe ka epidermis kakhazikitsidwira, ngati mukudziwa kuti mapangidwe a zigawo zotsalira zazitsulo ndi zosiyana kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pa organelles ndi nuclei, zomwe zimakhala ndi maselo ena onse, zimakhala ndi zida zina - tonofilamenes. Komanso pali maalum inclusions, omwe amatchedwa melanin granules.

Mosiyana ndifunika kunena kuti melanocytes ndi maselo apadera omwe angathe kupanga melanin. Izi zimateteza kuwonongeka kwa mazira a ultraviolet. Pansi pazomwe zimakhala pafupifupi 10-25% a maselo awa. Mwa maonekedwe iwo amafanana ndi urchin ya nyanja ndipo ali pakati pa keratinocytes. Malinga ndi njira zawo zotalika, amatha kunyamula melanin m'maselo ndi phagocytosis.

Kudziwa zonsezi za kapangidwe kake, zomwe zimakhala pamwamba pa khungu, munthu akhoza kulingalira zomwe epidermis ndizo, momwe zikuwonekera ndi zomwe zikufunika.