Otaku - iwo ali

Mawu akuti "otaku" ali ndi matanthauzo angapo, malingana ndi kumene ntchito. Mu Japan, zikutanthauza chinthu chimodzi, mu America kapena Russia - pang'ono. Komanso, ndi ndime ya nthawi, lingaliro zasintha - ndi kupitiriza kusintha.

History ndi Origins

Mpaka 1980s, ndi otaku anali mtundu wa chithandizo mwaulemu chinenero Japanese, monga -sama, -kun kapena -senpai. Mawu amenewa kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati puronauni 2 munthu, mwa njira iyi Mwachitsanzo, iye anagwiritsa ntchito heroine wa anime "zazikulu", amene choyamba anatuluka m'mabwalo mu 1982.

Masiku ano Komabe, mawu akuti "otaku" - ndi slang akuti mu Japanese, kusonyeza mfundo zosiyanasiyana:

• munthu, chilakolako champhamvu chinachake - chizolowezi akhoza kukhala chilichonse Kandachime manga ndi anime kuti Masewero ndi Collectibles;
• munthu, adamthamangira anime kapena Kandachime manga;
• Palinso nkhani lachitatu - amene anaonekera chifukwa cha chisokonezo pakati pa malingaliro a otaku ndi hikikomori.

Choncho otaku - ndani? M'njira zamakono za Mau oyamba ntchito mu 1980s, mu ntchito ya humorist ndi wolemba Akio Nakamori. Mu 1983, anafalitsa mu "Phunziro" otaku "," magazini Manga Burikko mkombero mu mawu ntchito mwachibale kwa mafani.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, animator Haruhiko Mikimoto ndi Shoudzhi Kawamori ntchito mawu kuti tilankhule wina ndi mnzake monga mtundu aulemu potchula (yemweyo zonse munthu puronauni 2 anthu) kuyambira 1970 mochedwa.

Mwina, momwemo ena a subcultures (pamene ena anapita zochepa kukambirana ofunda), ndipo n'chifukwa chake anasankha Nakamori (ichi ndi Morikawa Kaichiro, kufotokoza chiyambi cha mawu akuti).

Baibulo chachiwiri za chiyambi cha chiphunzitso cha - yopeka Motoko Arai, amene ntchito -otaku monga mtundu chomveka mankhwala, koma owerenga mapeto ayamba chizolowezi.

amakono Japan

Mu 90s wa atumwi otsiriza kupenta zoipa mawu ankawachotsera kunja, ndipo panali osiyana ntchito otaku mawu. Ndani tsopano? Ndithudi anapanga momveka bwino - "fani chilichonse" wokonda chidwi pa nkhani iliyonse. Tsopano, lingaliro ili akutanthauza mafani kanthu, komanso yolimba Akihabara ndi mafashoni kwa "nyashnost".

Japanese Dictionary amapereka kumasulira kwina kwa mawu: Malinga ndi iye, "otaku" unali ntchito zaka 80th mu bwalo la abwenzi, kutanthauza ndi kuuzidwa kwambiri pankhani ya munthu aliyense.

Mu Japan, mawu angayerekezedwe ndi mfundo monga "zimakupiza", "katswiri", "wofufuza" kapena "ogwidwa." Onse oterewa kusonyeza mlingo wosiyana wa Chidziwitso ndi chidwi.

Kodi kusiyana kwake? Kodi mawu kupsa bwino zimadalira zimene ankaona yachibadwa anthu, ndi kuti - osati kwambiri.

Katswiriyo, kufufuza ankafunitsitsa mizinda yakale, kapena Dr. Alan Grant mu filimu "Jurassic Park" amaonedwa, kotero ofufuza za. Iwo amayang'ana ndithu anthu. Ndipo munthu ngati Professor Brown ku "Bwererani ku Tsogolo" adzaitana otaku - muzikumbukira kuti masewera ake, makina nthawi, si woyenera ndi "m'chigulugulu".

United States

mavuto onsewa anthu Japanese mosiyana pozindikira mu West. Anthu mu United States kuika tanthauzo losiyana kwa otaku yaitali. Amene ali pano - tikhoza kunena momveka ndi motsimikiza kuti munthu chidwi anime ndi Kandachime manga. Sami Japanese makanema ojambula mafani mulibe chirichonse motsutsa - ndi mawu Japanese wosachita tanthauzo negative.

ndi otaku amakono Kodi

Azungu osaganizira kuti kukhala kuonera anime - izo ndi zoipa. M'malo mwake. Apa otaku - nthawi zambiri munthu amene "anawona izo zonse". "Kuyenda insaikulopediya" wa anime kapena Kandachime manga (ndipo zilibe kanthu, munthu amaonera iliyonse polemba chinenero chimodzi, kapena onse mu mzere) kuti angathe kulangiza pa zimene mukuona, zochokera zokonda za wofunsayu lapansi.

Chifukwa cha zowawa zake, Willy-nilly anakhala katswiri mu anime mtundu wanyimbo, komanso amadziwa ndipo anaonerera kapena kuwerenga ntchito otchuka - atsopano Mbali lililonse otaku. Ndani mmene chitukuko - mwamtheradi yemweyo onse ndi ziyenda bwino akhoza kukhala wophunzira, ntchito ofesi kapena katswiri.

Komanso, otaku, ngakhale kuphunzira chirichonse chapadera, ali ndi lingaliro za chikhalidwe Japanese ndi kachitidwe, onse zamakono yapita Nthawi, ndiponso akudziwa mawu ochepa m'chilankhulo cha Japan.

Maonekedwe, zizoloŵezi, mlingo wa kumiza mu chizolowezi akhoza zimasiyana kwambiri. Ena otaku kusonkhanitsa magulu mbale ndi masewero, zithunzi za anthu otchulidwa ankakonda amasonkhana ndi anthu a maganizo amodzi, ndi zinthu kunja cosplay mukudziwa maina a seiyuu wotchuka ndi Kandachime manga olemba.

Ena amatha kuona, osaima, siriyo 25 anime (6 hours). Ena amapita ku maphunziro chinenero Japanese kuti athe kuwerenga Kandachime manga pachiyambi.

Pakati mafani anime pali olemba aluso amene amalenga nkhani chidwi - pakati pawo Sergei Kim, Konstantin Olimba Mtima, Coviello, Ander aakulu lamba wa pamimba, otaku Felix. Samizdat zokhudza izi ndi olemba ena osati anakopeka owerenga ochepa kuposa iwe anime yokha.

Gulu la otaku Japanese

Nomura Institute Research (NRI) wakhala awiri phunziro lozama, woyamba mu 2004 ndipo chachiwiri - mu 2005. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, asayansi anali kudziwa 12 madera akuluakulu chidwi:

• gulu waukulu 350 zikwi otaku - Kandachime manga .;
• . 280 zikwi ndi kukolezera mafano Pop wotchuka;
• . 250 zikwi anakhulupirira kuyenda wake chizolowezi;
• . 190 zikwi - mafani kompyuta;
• . 160 zikwi amakonda masewera kanema;
• . 140 zikwi - magalimoto;
• 110 zikwi -. Anime.

Otsala magawo asanu monga mafoni zipangizo, wailesi ndi vidiyo zida, makamera, mafani mafashoni ndi sitima.

Ngati inu kuyang'ana mafani anime, mukhoza kusankha gulu lina chidwi - hentayschika.

Pakati pa Mitundu ya Japanese makanema ojambula ndi zimene mtundu wonse adzaitana zolaula - koma kotulukira dzuwa vutoli ndi zosiyana pang'ono. Chifukwa ichi pali gulu mwachilungamo enieni otaku. Hentai - chimenecho ndiye chidwi ndi chizolowezi cha anthu awa.

otchuka otaku

Anime ndinkalephera osati anthu wamba - pakati pa anthu otchuka kwambiri kukumana mafani polemba chinenero ichi. Pakati pawo - wotchuka Japanese woimba Shoko Nakagawa (mwachindunji kuitana chokha Kandachime manga ndi anime otaku), woimba ndi Ammayi Mari Yaguchi, Ammayi Kasia Toshiki, Natsuki Kato ndi Ammayi ndi chitsanzo Tiyaki Kuriyama.

Fanfiction ndi samizdat

Kodi pali ntchito, pali fanfiction - chimagwirira ntchito njira yomweyo mwachibale kwa mabuku Western kapena masewero a sopo, ndi mwachibale kwa anime ndi Kandachime manga. Ndipo nthawi zina zimadzetsa kudziletsa yosindikiza. Otaku ndi kulenga ntchito zawo mu mawonekedwe a zithunzi, nkhani kapena mabuku, ndi zambiri kufalitsa iwo pa Intaneti kapena mabuku apadera ndalama zawo.

Komabe nthawi zina chifukwa cha GGI pali latsopano "nyenyezi" - ndi bwalo kumayamba watsopano: fanfiction tsopano analenga zochokera ntchito za wolemba latsopano otchuka.

Samizdat otaku ndi otchuka, makamaka pakati pa mafani wa ntchito zoyambirira. nkhani anapeza - khalidwe chachikulu - dziko popadanets anime kapena Kandachime manga-gwero kapena wolemba potidziwitsa ndi SG watsopano wa dziko lomwelo, kapena wolemba akutenga zilembo zazikulu ntchito pachiyambi, chiwembu kwathunthu kusintha kukoma.

Mu Russian "ammudzi" fikrayterov (chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha amene angapezeke pa lib.ru) kwambiri fanfikshena anime. Malinga "okhala Japanese" kulemba zambiri - pakati pawo Mwachitsanzo, wodziwika mu mabwalo izi otaku Felix, mu wodalirika amene amagwira ntchito padziko lonse, "oyeretsa" ndi "Sekirei".

Pa funso la anatengera chikhalidwe

The anime wotchuka kwambiri, chikwiyire zikamera wa mazana a zimakupiza zopeka - "Naruto," "oyeretsa", "Evangelion", "Code Giass", "Ula Mfumu», «Bakuman». Mu mndandanda chomwecho, inu mukhoza kuwonjezera ndi "Mdima woperekera chikho", "Imfa Dziwani", "Fullmetal Alchemist", "Knight a mzukwa lapansi." Pamwamba otaku Felix Mwachitsanzo, analemba angapo otchuka pakati mafani fanfikshena ntchito ya dziko "oyeretsa" - "Captain" ndi mkombero "Malo".

Mu Japan yokha kukhala mangaka (Kandachime manga mlengi) - ndi ntchito wolemekezeka, ndipo malingana ndi wofalitsa kapena kutchuka kuti malipiro abwino.

Komabe, mwamsanga pamene wolemba ayamba kulandira malipiro pa ntchito yawo, iye amasiyana kukhala ankachita masewera. Komabe, sichitha kukhala otaku. Felix, amene akuimira mu maukonde kudziletsa yosindikiza ndi ntchito zabwino ndithu mpaka zapita khalidwe limeneli. Ndipo apa Mwachitsanzo, Nadezhda Kuzmina (Mlembi wa mkombero wa Mfumukazi ndi chinjoka "Timiredis") kale limafalitsa mabuku awo ngati wolemba akatswiri.