Kodi kalasi ndi nsomba? Mbali, nyumba, kuswana nsomba

Nsombazi, carp, hering'i, mumapezeka nsomba, carp, carp siliva, carp - nsomba wotchuka. mndandanda zambiri. phindu malonda ndi wovuta Musaone. Ndipotu, gulu la nsomba yosiyanasiyana. Modern taxonomy kuli mitundu oposa 20 zikwi a nyama za m'madzi. Chifukwa mmene osankhika nyumba anatha amaphunzira chilengedwe ndipo izo mu malo wamphamvu. Kumene kalasi zikuphatikizapo nsomba, ena kuposa matabwa ake? Awa ndi mafunso ena mukhoza ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Zizindikiro za nsomba

Nzosadabwitsa za anthu wodzidalira kuti: "Ndikuona ngati nsomba m'madzi." Asayansi mukudziwa kuti nsomba yoyamba kunkakhala anthu mpaka kumbuyo ngati nthawi Silurian. Kunja anali ofanana ndi nsombazo zamakono ndi zibwano makina, limene mano lakuthwa. Mamilioni a zaka zapita, kusinthidwa ndi kuthi zingapo zatsopano mu anatengera ndondomeko ya kasinthidwe ka nsomba.

Monga nyama za m'madzi, iwo onse ndi streamlined thupi mawonekedwe kwathunthu kapena pang'ono yokutidwa ndi mamba thupi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipsepse ndi ziwalo kupuma ndi makutu. Izi ndi zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti ziwalo zonse za mgwirizanowu mwadongosolo. Koma zomwe kalasi nsomba, akhoza anayankha kuganizira zosiyana zawo kwambiri. Panthawi umene pali awiri: fupa ndi chichereŵechereŵe.

Features ya kapangidwe kunja

thupi mwamtheradi onse a nsomba ali ndi mamba. Kumatetezera khungu ku kwambiri m'madzi moyo madzi kukhululukirana. Ndipotu, ambiri a iwo yambiri miyoyo yawo mwa kuyenda. chitetezo zina kuchokera mikangano ndi wambirimbiri ntchofu, amene ali olemera mu khungu. Izi zimathandiza kuti apulumuke zosiyanasiyana zinthu chowawa mu nthawi ya chilala. Osati mitundu yonse ya thupi nsombayo zophimbidwa ndi mamba. Mwachitsanzo, nsombazi lili nambala wani padziko thupi, mu maonekedwe chokhala mano. The Tinganenenso chimodzimodzi za anthu ambiri a dongosolo Sturgeon. Ambiri Bony mamba nsomba ndiotetezedwa, monga zida amphamvu. Iwo amagwira ntchito zina: kubisa kwa adani, kuchenjeza chekeni mitundu zimadya ndi oopsa akuti ndi wamkazi kapena wamwamuna, chinyezimiro cha kuwala mu madzi.

Kapangidwe ka zipsepse ndi

Chinthu china khalidwe ndi kukhalapo kwa zipsepse nsomba. formations Awa ndi miyendo kusamukira ku madzi, ndi mitundu ina wakale ngakhale kukwawira mwa iwo. Zipsepse amaphatikizidwa mu magulu awiri. Awiri oyamba: m'mimba ndi m'chifuwa. Iwo amathandiza kuti posungira wa nsomba bwino madzi. Mchira ndi unpaired, kumatako ndi dorsal. Amagwira ntchito ngati chiongolero ndipo anakhala kunja thupi m'madzi nyama malangizo ankafuna. Chifukwa cha zamoyo wa zipsepse nsomba anapanga miyendo ya nyama zokwawa.

Pa thupi nsombayo mosavuta kuona kumzere wakumbali. Chiwalo wapadera bwino kukhudza khalidwe chabe nsomba.

Kapangidwe mkati mwa nsomba

tingachidziwe kugwirizana ndi malo amadzimadzi ndi ziwalo ndi machitidwe a nyama. Minofu ndi mafupa umaimiridwa ndi mafupa a. Malingana kalasi izo aumbike chichereŵechereŵe kapena fupa minofu. mafupa onse a mafupa mutu fixedly chikugwirizana, kuwonjezera pa nsagwada m'munsi. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti mosavuta analanda kupanga nsomba. Kapangidwe ka chigawo ichi cha mafupa a mulinso chivundikiro gill ndi Arc, ndi atsopano amene Ufumuyo ndi ziwalo nsomba kupuma - makutu. Ofananira mafupa tichipeza vertebrae munthu cholukanalukana ndi kuliika kwa chigaza lapansi. Ndi dera thunthu msana Ufumuyo nthiti. Mafupa cheza chipsyepsye zonse. Iwo anapanga fupa minofu. Koma wophatikizidwa zipsepse komanso ndi lamba. Minofu imeneyi amagwira, kuwatsogolera iwo akutero.

Dongosolo m'mimba ndi mwa mtundu wa nsomba. Umayamba oropharyngeal patsekeke. Ambiri nsomba ali m'kamwa mwa mano lakuthwa, amene ntchito kugwila ndi kuphwasula chakudya. Mu ndondomeko chimbudzi naonsO angapezekeko zopangitsa michere - chiwindi ndi kapamba. Mu ndondomeko ya kusakonda ndi mchere kagayidwe mbali yaikulu nsomba kusewera awiri impso. Kunja, iwo anatsegula ndi ureters lapansi.

Nsomba mwankhanzaku nyama. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kutentha thupi lawo zimadalira kusintha kunachitika chilengedwe. Mbali imeneyi ndi chimafotokozera dongosolo la m'thupi. Iwo ukufanizidwa ndi ziwiri chipinda mtima ndi mtima chatsekedwa dongosolo. Pa mwazi wake kayendedwe venous ndi wolumikizira osokonezeka.

Mantha dongosolo tichipeza ubongo ndi msana ndi misempha. Ndipo mbali zotumphukira - ulusi mitsempha. Mu ubongo, ndi chitukuko makamaka umalandira cerebellum. gawo Izi zimapangitsa kayendedwe mofulumira ndi mgwirizano wa nsomba. Mphamvu amatha kuzindikira kuyabwa aliyense, n'zotheka malo m'madzi. Popeza mandala wa diso la nsomba sasintha mawonekedwe ake ndi malo a nyama mukhoza kuwona bwino yochepa mtunda. Koma amatha kusiyanitsa mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. kuwomba kubalana limba ndi lili khutu mkati anagwirizana ndi dongosolo udindo moyenera.

Kubalana nsomba komanso ali ndi makhalidwe yake. nyama zimenezi dioecious, ndi mtundu kunja umuna.

spawning Kodi

The ndondomeko ya kuswana nsomba amatchedwanso spawning. Kumachitika mu madzi. Akazi kutchera mazira, ndi wamwamuna amatsanulira madzimadzi ake seminal. Chifukwa ndi dzira. Chifukwa kugawikana motsatizana mitotic therefrom akufotokozera wamkulu payekha.

Nthawi zina kubalana nsomba amagwirizana ndi migrations spawning ndi kusintha kwakukulu mu khalidwe ndi kapangidwe ka nsomba mu nthawi iyi. Mwachitsanzo, nsomba kupanga ng'ombe lalikulu, monga anthu anasamuka ku nyanja kuti malire chapamwamba za mitsinje. Paulendo uwu ali ndi mavuto ambiri, akusuntha ndi mafunde a. nsomba anapanga hump kumbuyo, nsagwada, anatembenuka mkati ndi kunja ndipo anawerama. Pakutayika mphamvu zambiri, pambuyo pa ndondomeko ya akulu umuna kufa. N'zosadabwitsa kuti mwachangu tidze kumbuyo paokha mu malo omwewo.

gulu nsomba

A zosiyanasiyana zikuluzikulu zofunika gulu la izi gulu la ziweto. Tsopano asayansi inatchula zizindikiro, sipangakhalenso wachinsinsi mu kalasi Pisces. amayanjana mwadongosolo anatsimikiza ndi kukhalapo kwa kusambira chikhodzodzo, gill slits kapena chimakwirira ndi mtundu wa mamba. Choncho n'zotheka kusiyanitsa mafupa ndi nsomba cartilaginous. Pali zizindikiro zambiri zowonetsa umene nyama amaphatikiza gulu. Mwachitsanzo, nsomba kusuntha kwa spawning mu malo ena, lotchedwa looping. Koma, anapatsidwa kuchuluka kwa, kusiyanitsa pakati pa mamembala malonda ndi kukongoletsa wa nyama za m'madzi.

nsomba cartilaginous

Kalasi nsomba ndi mafupa cartilaginous, gill slits kutsegula kwa kunja? Easy kupeka. Izi cartilaginous nsomba. Iwo alibe chikhodzodzo kusambira, choncho mwina moyo pansi, kapena nthawi zonse zoyenda. Sawfish, woyera, basking, Shaki, stingray, stingray ... mukudziwa nsomba zoterezi. List cha adani oopsa mukhoza kupitiriza nyanja mdierekezi, stingrays ndi nyanja nkhandwe. zolengedwa za m'nyanja izi n'zoopsa kwambiri pa moyo wa nyama ndi anthu. Ngakhale kuti amapezeka pakati nsomba cartilaginous ndi zinthu ndithu wosalakwa. Choncho, nsombazi spiny dogfish zimadya nsomba ndiponso nkhanu. Kuwonjezera zoopsa, palibe ngozi si anthu.

nsomba Bony

Pa funso limene kalasi nsomba zomwe zili zambiri, akuvomereza, mwina, aliyense schoolchild. mafupa awo wapangidwa kwathunthu fupa. Swimbladder ili mu M'mimbamo thupi, amalola zopalira unachitikira mu ndime madzi. The makutu okutidwa gill chimakwirira osati maenje munthu atsegulidwa kunja. zizindikiro zimenezi ndi nsomba Bony.

Mtengo wa nsomba

Oimira inakhala superclass makamaka kufunika zofunika malonda. Man nkudya nyama ndi thanzi ndi mapuloteni kulemera mazira. angapo maphikidwe kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhani sadziwa. mafuta nsomba kale ntchito ngati njira kuchiza matenda bakiteriya ndi tizilombo kupuma. Anthu chaka wapha nambala yaikulu mitundu ndi Mitundu zawo. Nyama ndi fupa chakudya ndi analandiranso. Izo ntchito monga fetereza ndi kudyetsa ziweto zambiri.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa kuwonjezeka kutchuka masewera nsomba, kukopa ophunzira ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Ndipo kugwira nsomba, amakwaniritsa zofuna zonse, maloto ndendende aliyense wa ife!

Choncho ophunzirawo kuti amene ali nsomba zingadziŵike ndi peculiarities wa dongosolo, gulu ndi moyo.