Kodi khansa metastatic? zotupa zilonda ndi metastases

Cancer amatchedwa mfumu ya matenda. Ndi nambala ya imfa , anatenga malo 2 mu zochitika za pa dziko. Anthu amaopa matenda "khansa", kusimidwa pa mawu "metastasis." Koma si zonse zoipa. mankhwala amakono akhala anakana maganizo a matenda osachiritsika. ndi "khansa" ndiponso kuti metastases ngati khansa chiyani? Tiyeni tifufuze.

Cancer - chotupa chotupa?

Nthawi zambiri, aliyense chotupa zilonda imatengedwa khansara. Dzinali analowa mu mankhwala Hippocrates kuti chotupa maonekedwe anakumbutsa nkhanu ( "karkinos" mu Greek). Choncho carcinoma, kapena khansa. Kuti kumvetsa zomwe metastasis khansa, kufotokoza mosavuta komanso kuti ndi khansa.

Tiyerekeze kuti thupi lanu ku zinthu zoipa selo wamba wabwino mwadzidzidzi inasanduka chinjoka, chimene n'lozungulira, osati thupi elongated, mitima angapo ndipo chiwerengero cha masinthidwe ena. chilombo chimenechi chinayamba gawo mosatonthozeka, akutulutsa mtundu wawo wa mizukwa. Kotero kuti chotupa chachikulu. maselo zabwino mu kukhudzana ndi oyandikana nawo, ndi "kuona" malo ndi laling'ono, kusiya kugawa. Zimenezi zimatchedwa kukhudzana chopinga. chilombo athu sakulabadira. Anabereka amaika kupanikiza pa anansi ake, kuwachititsa kusintha negative. Komanso chirombo wakhala pafupifupi wosafa, monga ma cell akufa chikhalidwe (kapena aputosisi), iye tsopano anafotokoza bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa zoopsa zake m'tsogolo kukula maselo yotithandiza chotupa kukula kwa zipangizo zatsopano magazi, ndi kuteteza zokolola zawo poizoni wapadera kuti akathetse thupi alipo odana ndi chotupa chitetezo chokwanira. iwo kudziwa m'mene kunyenga ndi Kuzemba immunokontrol selo wakupha T maselo.

ndi "metastasis" n'chiyani?

Popeza chotupa bwino. Mpaka kuwonjezera maselo chilombo angaoneke mu thupi kulikonse, mu chiwalo chilichonse. Iwo kulekera ngakhale ana kapena akulu, koma ambiri mwa iwo zoposa 50. Tidzayensa kumvetsa zimene metastasis khansa. Banja ya zoopsa zikuchulukirachulukira ndipo unkafalikira, ozama mu ziwalo moyandikana (dera metastases). Komanso, ayenera analanda thupi lonse, amene maselo ZOOPSA detach ku maphunziro mayi awo, mu mwazi ndi / kapena lymph ndi panopa awo adatengedwa ndi thupi la wodwalayo (kutali metastases).

Mbali yoyamba iwo amatchedwa hematogenous ndi lymphatic chachiwiri. Pa latsopano pamalo ZOOPSA maselo ndi mapulani ndi chirichonse mobwerezabwereza. Zimenezi amatchedwa metastasis mankhwala. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti imayamba nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pakutchulidwa a chotupa chachikulu, pamene ena - pokhapokha kusintha kwa matenda pa magawo mochedwa. Pamene enanso amakhulupirira kuti metastasis umayamba nthawi yomweyo, koma si nthawi zonse kukhala yomweyo. Izi otchedwa matalala metastases, kumene kumakhudza maonekedwe a mankhwala tsankho oncological.

magawo a khansa

Yunifolomu gulu la magawo khansa, koma akatswiri ambiri amatsatira TNM dongosolo. Pali magawo wolemekezeka:

• Kuti - chotupa kuzionetsetsa matenda sanayambebe zotsimikizika.
• Chimatayidwa - popanda metastasis, ndiko kuti, atakhala pansi.
• T1 - pafupifupi chimodzimodzi monga gawo m'mbuyomu. Pa nthawi imeneyi, chithandizo ndi kungawathandize. The vutolo - gawo loyamba la khansa akhoza wapezeka yekha mwangozi kapena Kafukufuku chapadera.
• T2 - khansara inali metastasized, koma ndi dera. The Mapa pano ndi yabwino ndithu, ngakhale kwambiricho.
• T3 - zosiyana kwambiri kwa T2. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira, pa siteji iyi, kupatula unit zigawo ndi metastases akumidzi. Zizindikiro mu gawo lachitatu akhoza anangotengeka ndi ululu kwina, zikhale zovuta oterewa. Nthawi zambiri, 3 siteji ya khansa, ngati wina aliyense, anatsimikiza amangosankha. Pakuti yense thupi pano ali muyezo yake ndi matenda yake chithunzi.
• T4 - gawo lotsiriza, imene metastasis kufalitsa onse moyandikana ndi ziwalo akumidzi. Odwala Choncho akukumana kupweteka, kufooka, kuonda. Childs, khansa amachititsa imfa madigiri 4 ndi metastases. Ndi angati moyo odwala amenewa, sikutheka kuyankha molondola. chithunzi anaika pansipa zikusonyeza zolembera chotupa cha metastasis.

siteji metastatic

Mu metastasis ali lonse yake, amaimira kalata M. mu cholemba pali kokha analandira maphunziro akumidzi.

• Mx - metastases silikudziwika, kuyambira Kafukufuku osati amaphunzira;
• Mo - lakutali chotupa mapangidwe sapezeka;
• M1 - wapezeka pamaso pa metastases lakutali.

Choncho, mawu akuti "metastasized madigiri 4" limanena za mphamvu 4-TH khansa.

Izi zimachitika sekondale chotupa mapangidwe akhoza kukhala mwamtheradi paliponse mu thupi, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhudza chiwindi, ubongo, mapapo, fupa minofu ndi mafuta minofu. Pamene khansa ya mmimba, n'kuwasanganiza, kapamba, m'matumbo, uterine metastases komanso zitheka mu peritoneum lapansi.

ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa chiyani?

Yankho la funso la chimene metastasis khansa, sadzakhala kotheratu ngati musanene kuti si kwambiri chotupa chachikulu ndi oopsa oopsa, monga dera ake makamaka akumidzi foci sekondale. Matenda amatchedwa khansa metastatic. Amayamba ndi amphamvu zomverera chowawa, chomwe nthawi zambiri chifukwa chachikulu cha ulendo wodwalayo kwa dotolo. kansa imeneyi ndi woopsa, makamaka chifukwa cha mavuto kudziwa kutanthauzira kwa metastases, zikubweretsa chithandizo chosakwanira ndi opaleshoni ndipo radiotherapy. Only Morning (ntchito mankhwala), ndipo metastases timadzi-immunotherapy bwanji zonse mwakamodzi, koma, mwatsoka, nthawi zambiri imeneyi mankhwala si kokwanira.

Zoneneratu

Iwo mwachindunji zimadalira kuti zimene metastases limba. Kodi amakhalabe moyo mtima, komanso zimatengera pa boma ambiri a chamoyo, ndi malo siteji yoyamba ya chotupa kwa mankhwala amene angathe kuchitidwa. Ngati simuchita kanthu, moyo wa munthu ndi kuchita masamu ndi miyezi, kuchokera 1 mpaka 6. Ngati inu kuyesetsa kukhala ndi maganizo abwino ndi mtima wofunitsitsa kuthana ndi matenda, moyo amayembekezeka zikuchulukirachulukira kwambiri. Choncho, pamene m'zigawozigawo chithandizo cha metastases mu mapapo odwala moyo mpaka zaka 10, ndipo mu chiwindi - mpaka zaka 5. Kwambiri mosayenera ankaona ubongo metastases. Izi ndi chifukwa kulunjika thupi ndi vuto pochita ambiri mwa njira pakalipano mankhwala. Kuti madokotala ananena zawo zabwino kwambiri za matenda - amakhala 2 zaka. Izi ndi zotheka pa opaleshoni akutsatiridwa ndi cheza ndi chithandizo zovuta.

Kodi n'zotheka kupewa khansa?

Funso ili chidwi, mwina, aliyense. Institute of Russia ndi m'mayiko ena a Oncology Research imachitika zikwi maphunziro kuvumbulutsa zachisinsi chifukwa cha kusintha kwa khungu. Waukulu khansa kuchititsa mu chiwalo chilichonse, asayansi chimasonya kudya zakudya zophatikiza carcinogens, mtundu uliwonse wa poizoni (dzuwa, kuwala ndi ena), ena tizilombo (mwachitsanzo, papilloma), kutengera za kumtundu, maganizo pafupipafupi ndi moyo zosafunikira. Pali zifukwa zenizeni. Kotero, amatchuka kuti khansa ya m'mapapo ndi ambiri mu osuta kuposa sanali osuta, ndi khansa ya chiwindi ndi mmimba - uchidakwa. Choncho, kupatulapo zinthu izi m'moyo mwanu, ife kuchepetsa kufala kwa matenda. Koma ngakhale ngati matenda akumane sangapereke mtima. Masiku ano, ngakhale siteji 3 khansa amaliona ndithu bwinobwino. Chinthu chachikulu si kuonedwa ndi matenda.

diagnostics

Imodzi mwa mbali zosasangalatsa chotupa zilonda ndi mu magawo oyambirira ndi pafupifupi konse kusonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse. Kupatulapo khansa ya pakhungu ndipo ziwalo zina, zimene chotupa mapangidwe Tingaone zowoneka. Chinthu china ndi zizindikiro za matenda monga khansa ofanana. Ali:

• kutopa;
• kuwonda;
• kusafuna kudya;
• mwadzidzidzi zisindikizo ndi kutupa;
• kwambiri thukuta;
• magazi m'thupi.

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zimenezi ayenera kuona dokotala-oncologist amene akanikiza Kupenda matenda (palpation malo zokayikitsa X-ray, mbiri zachipatala). Kwa matenda zolondola, ndi zofunika kulowa Center ndi Cancer, kumene kuchita maphunziro ambiri a: X-ray, Kujambula, CT mapanga sikani, endoscopy, amuzolengedwa MAGAZI ndi kusanthula biopsy oncomarkers.

Zizindikiro za metastasis zingakhale:

• yatupa lymph mfundo;
• kutsokomola, m'mapapo metastasis;
• yatupa chiwindi;
• metastases mu fupa - ululu nthambi, kawirikawiri fractures;
• mu ubongo - zosiyanasiyana matenda a ubongo, kusawona bwino, kuyenda, kumva, kulankhula, khunyu.

Matendawa ndi chimodzimodzi kuti a zotupa chachikulu.

chithandizo

Ambiri odwala khansa ankachita m'deralo. Komabe, ngati nkutheka, ndi zofunika kulongosola bwino matenda kuyezedwa pakati feduro khansa, pomwe pali zotsogola zipangizo waudindo akatswiri ntchito pa umisiri zatsopano. Mu Moscow, ndi pakati pa Blokhin Oncology ndi Cancer Institute dzina la Herzen. Kuti pangakhale nzika iliyonse ya Russia, atakhala malangizo a dokotala anu ndi yokumana. Mu St. Petersburg, ndi Institute of Oncology Research dzina lake Petrov.

malo agwire kuchotsa opaleshoni ya chotupa, ngati nkotheka, ndi kuchita mitundu zotsatirazi mankhwala:

• cheza (radiosurgery);
• Morning;
• m'thupi;
• jini (m'malo ogwira mankhwala ndi kutsutsa wodwalayo makina majini).