Mbiri ya zombo Russian. Petra Velikogo zombo

Russia - boma chokhala, koma kutalika kwa malire ake, kudutsa padziko madzi ndi 2/3 ya kutalika kwake kwathunthu. Ancient Russian akhoza kuyenda pa nyanja ndipo anakwanitsa kulimbana pa nyanja, koma woona panyanja mwambo wa m'dziko lathu pali zaka pafupifupi zaka 300.

Komabe kukangana za chochitika makamaka kapena tsiku, limene limachokera mbiri ya zombo Russian. chinthu chimodzi n'zoonekeratu kuti aliyense - izo zinachitika mu nthawi ya Petra Velikogo.

The zatsopano loyamba

Gwiritsani ntchito madzi kusuntha asilikali mu dziko, komwe mitsinje anali njirazo kulankhulana yofunika kwambiri Russian anayamba kalekale. Kutchula lodziwika bwino njira "ku Scandinavia kwa Agiriki" kubwerera zaka. Za kampeni "lodev" Prince Oleg kuti epics Constantinople analemba.

Nkhondo Aleksandra Nevskogo ndi asilikali a Sweden ndi Akhristu German anali chimodzi mwa zolinga zikuluzikulu za akuphunzitsa midzi Russian pafupi m'kamwa mwa Neva, kuti athe kumasula navigation mu nyanja ya Baltic.

Kum'mwera, kulimbana Nyanja Black ndi Chitata ndi Turkey anali Zaporozhye ndi Don Cossacks. Awo lodziwika bwino "gull" mu 1350 bwinobwino anaukira ndi kulanda Ochakov.

Woyamba Russian warship "Mphungu" inamangidwa 1668 pa Mtsinje Oka m'mudzi wa Dedinovo mwa dongosolo la Mfumu Alexei Mikhailovich. Koma kubadwa kwake weniweni wa bulu Russian afunika kulota ndi chifuniro cha mwana wake - Peter Wamkulu.

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Poyamba mfumu wamng'ono chabe ankakonda Tinayenda bwato laling'ono limene analipeza mu khola m'mudzi wa Izmailovo. Izi bwato 6-mita anali kupatsidwa ndi bambo ake, tsopano kusungidwa mu Naval Museum wa St. Petersburg.

Mfumu tsogolo anati pambuyo pake kuti kuyambira ndi limachokera ku Russian Imperial yapamadzi, anamutcha iye "Agogo a Russian zombo". Peter yekha kubwezeretsedwa izo potsatira ambuye wa Pamudzi German, chifukwa mbuye shipbuilders wake mu Moscow sanali.

Pamene mfumu m'tsogolo zaka 17 wakhala akulamulira, anayamba kuzindikira moona Russia sangathe kukhala popanda chuma, sayansi ndi chikhalidwe kugwirizana ndi Europe, ndi njira yabwino kulankhulana ndi m'madzi.

Ofotokoza chidwi munthu, Peter anafuna kudziwa ndi luso m'madera osiyana. chilakolako wake waukulu kwambiri unali chiphunzitso ndi machitidwe a shipbuilding, amene anaphunzira Dutch, German ndi ambuye English. Iye anayang'ana anafotokoza mu ndizosowa mapu, ndinaphunzira ntchito zipangizo navigation.

The luso loyamba anayamba aganyali polenga "zoseketsa flotilla" Pleshcheyevo nyanza ya Pereslavl pafupi Yaroslavl. Mu June 1689 kumeneko pa sitima ya anasonkhana Bot "mwayi", 2 frigates ang'ono ndi yatchi.

Kuchoka ku nyanja

Yaikulu m'dziko chimphona, amene anali chimodzi cha misa dziko lapansi, Russia mochedwa XVII m'ma zosakwana m'mayiko ena amati ndi mphamvu apanyanja. Mbiri ya zombo Russian - kumakhalanso nkhani ya kulimbana kwa mwayi m'nyanja dziko. Padali njira ziwiri kuti malo nyanja - awiri "bottleneck": Gulf wa Finland ndi Baltic Nyanja, amene anatsogolera amphamvu Sweden, ndi nyanja Black, mwa yopapatiza Straits wa Dardanelles, limene linali pansi pa ulamuliro wa Ottoman.

Ulendo woyamba kuletsa anawazunza a Crimea Chitata ndi Turkey pa malire kum'mwera, ndi kuyala maziko kwa yojambula m'tsogolo Nyanja Black anapangidwa ndi Petro mu 1695. Linga la Azov, yomwe ili m'kamwa mwa Don, ali anatsutsana kuukira ulendo Russian asilikali, ndi zovuta mwadongosolo sichinalakika, ndalama zokwanira kudula mwa kundipatsako kwa zipolopolo kwa Turkey atazunguliridwa ndi madzi. Choncho, pokonzekera kampeni lotsatira, anaganiza kumanga zombo.

Azov zombo

Peter ndi mphamvu sikunachitekepo anayamba kumanga ngalawa. alimi oposa 25,000 Mwandipitikitsa ntchito mu sitima mu Chiwalitsiro ndipo pa mtsinje Voronezh. Malinga ndi zitsanzo anabweretsa akunja, kuyang'aniridwa ndi ambuye ochokera m'mayiko ena Kuzipeka 23 kupalasa galleys (yakalavula gaga), 2 lalikulu wamphepo (mmodzi wa iwo - 36 mfuti "Apostol Potr"), kuposa 1,300 ziwiya kakang'ono - mabwato, makasu ndi zina zotero. d. Zinali ulendo woyamba kulenga zomwe amatchedwa "zonse Russian Imperial apanyanja." Iye mwangwiro anakwaniritsa ntchito yake mopereka asilikali makoma a linga ndi atazunguliridwa ndi kutsekereza la Azov ndi madzi. Pambuyo zisanu ndi sabata kuzinga July 19, 1696 kaboma anagonja.

"Lutche ine kulimbana ndi nyanja ..."

Mtopola umenewu anasonyeza kufunika kwa anzake a dziko ndi nyanja mphamvu. Iye anali kwambiri chigamulo cha Boyar Duma yomanga zina za sitima. "Zombo ndi!" - lamulo lachifumu pa Kugawilidwa kwanthaka ndalama zogulira zipangizo zatsopano ndipo anavomereza October 20, 1696. Popeza kuti tsiku, mbiri ya zombo Russian, ndipo akukhalabe kuwerengetsa ake.

akazembe kwambiri

Nkhondo mwayi kum'mwera kwa nyanja adani a Azov wayamba chabe, ndipo Petro anapita ku Europe kupempha thandizo ndi Turkey ndi ogwirizana ake. Mfumu ntchito ulendo wake zamtendere inatenga nthawi imodzi ndi chaka theka kumapangitsanso chidziwitso chawo mu shipbuilding ndiponso zochita nkhondo.

Mu dzina Petra Mihaylova, anagwira ntchito sitima ya Netherlands. Iye aphunzire ndi ambiri akalipentala Russian. Mu miyezi itatu kuchokera chotenga mbali inamangidwa frigate "Petro ndi Paulo" anayenda ndiye kuti Java pansi mbendera za East India Company.

Mu England, mfumu komanso kugwira ntchito pa sitima ndi zokambirana makina. English Mfumu mwachindunji Peter limakonza ayendetsa panyanja. Powona u zimachitika 12 ndipo sitima yaikulu, Peter kamakhala poona ndiponso kuti anafuna kukhala English asilikali, kuposa ndi Russian Tsar. Kuyambira nthawi kuti loto ndi wamphamvu Russian Imperial Navy walimbitsa mtima wonse.

wamng'ono Russia

M'madzi malonda kwambiri. Mu 1700, Petr Veliky amakhazikitsa chizindikiro cha Russian zombo apanyanja. Iwo unatchedwa woyamba Russian Order - St Andreya Pervozvannogo. zaka 300 zombo Russian, ndipo pafupifupi onse a nthawi wophimba Russian oyendetsa oblique buluu mtanda wa mbendera St. Andrew.

Chaka chotsatira, mu Moscow woyamba panyanja sukulu - sukulu ya sayansi masamu ndi panyanja. Anakhazikitsa Navy analamula kuti atsogolere nthambi yatsopano. Anavomera Naval hayala analowa tithe panyanja.

Koma ambiri Chofunika - ndi Admiralty, woyang'anira doko la zombo zapanyanja za - zombo zatsopano anamanga.

mapulani Peter Ine kwa nkhondoyo zina madoko pa Black Sea ndi m'munsi apo sitima kupewa mdani zoopsa ku North. Denmark ndi Sweden anapita kunkhondo pa zilumba adatsutsana ndi Peter anagwirizana naye pa mbali Chidanishi, ndi cholinga kuti anagumula "zenera Europe" - mwayi kwa nyanja ya Baltic.

nkhondo Gangut

Sweden wotsogozedwa ndi achinyamata ndi cocky Charles XII anali waukulu lankhondo la nthawi imeneyo. Opusa Russian Imperial Navy anadikira kuti tipirire. M'chaka cha 1714 ku Russian squadron wa galleys kutsogoleredwa ndi asilikali Fedorom Apraksinym anakumana ndi wamphamvu zombo Swedish chilikupita ku Cape Hanko. Kutsatira zida zankhondo adani, asilikali sanayese n'komwe kulongosola atasemphana kukanena kwa Peter zinthu.

Mfumuyo inapanga feint: analamula kuti angakonze yazokonza pansi pa boti zombo pa nthaka youma, ndipo kusonyeza cholinga inadza Korinto kuti kumbuyo zombo mdani. Pofuna kupewa izi, asilikali a Sweden nawo zombo, kutumiza detachment ziwiya 10 anyalanyaza chilumba kumalo Perevoloka. Panthawi imeneyi nyanja unakhazikitsidwa bata wathunthu, amene mosatsata asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda kuthekera mchitidwe uliwonse. zombo chachikulu alimbane n'kupuma Arc kutsogolo kwa nkhondo, ndi zombo za Russian zombo - kudya kupalasa galleys - linaphulika m'mphepete ndi kupha gulu la zotengera 10, misampha mu Bay lapansi. Frigate flagship "Njobvu" anatengedwa m'sitimayo, Petro anali akukhudzidwa ndi vuto melee, kujambula oyendetsa chitsanzo.

Russian panyanja chigonjetso chathunthu. Za zombo khumi anagwidwa, kuposa zikwi asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda analanda zoposa 350 - anaphedwa. Popanda kutaya chombo wosakwatiwa, Russian anataya amuna 120 anaphedwa ndi 350 - anavulala.

Choyamba Victoria Nyanja - ndi Gangut, ndipo kenako pa Grengam ndi dziko Poltava chigonjetso - zonse izi chinsinsi kusaina Pangano la Nystad Sweden (1721) umene Russia anayamba kupambana Nyanja Baltic. Cholinga - kupeza madoko West European - wakhala akwaniritsa.

Anasiya Petra Velikogo

Maziko kulengedwa kwa Baltic zombo linakhazikitsidwa ndi Peter ngakhale zaka khumi nkhondo Gangutskaya pamene owomboledwa kuchokera mkamwa mwa Neva asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda anakhazikitsidwa St. Petersburg, likulu latsopano Russian Ufumu. Pamodzi ndi likulu la asilikaliwo ili pafupi - Kronstadt - anakhala zipata kutsekedwa kwa adani ndi ukadalipo kwa malonda.

Kwa zaka twente faifi, Russia anatenga njira imene anatenga mazana angapo, kutsogolera mphamvu apanyanja - njira kwa ngalawa yaing'ono kuyenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja sitima zazikulu angathe kugonjetsa thambo lonse. Flag wa Russian Navy ankadziwika ndi kulemekezedwa nyanja onse a dziko lapansi.

Mbiri ya kupambana ndi zigonjetso

kusintha kwa Petro ndi mwana wake ndiwotani - woyamba Russian zombo - akuyembekezera tsoka lalikulu. Si olamulira onse a dziko wotsatira nawo malingaliro a Petra Velikogo, kapena mphamvu yake ya makhalidwe abwino.

Pa zaka 300 zombo Russian nawo mwayi kupambana chigonjetso nthawi Ushakov ndi Nakhimov ndi zowawa kuwonongeka kwambiri Sevastopol ndi Tsushima. Pambuyo zankhanza yakula Russia anali mosatsata udindo wa mphamvu nyanja. Pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano, pambuyo kugwa wathunthu amadziwa mbiri ya Russian Navy ndi Kale, ndipo masiku ano.

Today zombo ayamba mphamvu pambuyo stagnation choopsa ndipo ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti onse anayamba ndi mphamvu ndi chifuniro cha Peter, amene adakhulupirira ukulu apanyanja a dziko lawo.