Kodi mankhwala 4 mpweya okusayidi amachitira? Amene zinthu anachita mpweya woipa?

Carbon dioxide, amatchedwanso 4 okusayidi mpweya amachitira ndi chiwerengero cha zinthu kupanga zosiyanasiyana mankhwala zikuchokera ndi katundu pawiri lapansi. Ongokhala mamolekyulu sanali kumalo ozizira, ali ofooka kwambiri intermolecular msinga ndi kokha mu mawonekedwe a mafuta, ngati kutentha kuposa 31 digiri Celsius. Mpweya woipa ndi pawiri mankhwala ongokhala chimodzi mpweya atomu ndipo maatomu awiri oxygen.

Mpweya woipa 4: chilinganizo ndi Information General

Mpweya woipa alipo m'mlengalenga pa woipa otsika, ndi ntchito ngati ndi mpweya woipa. mankhwala ake chilinganizo Co _2. Pa kutentha, zikhoza unalipo mu boma gaseous. Uliri olimba, umatchedwa ayezi youma.

Mpweya woipa ndi zofunika chigawo chimodzi cha mpweya mkombero. Imachokera zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe kuphatikizapo degassing chiphala, kuyaka kwa organic ndi aerobic njira kupuma kwa zinthu zamoyo. magwero Anthropogenic mpweya woipa makamaka kugwirizana ndi kuyaka wa utsi zosiyanasiyana malasha kupanga mphamvu ndi zoyendera.

Amagwiritsidwanso opangidwa ndi tizilombo osiyanasiyana kuchokera nayonso mphamvu ndi kupuma ma. Zomera kusandutsa mpweya woipa kuti mpweya pa ndondomeko yotchedwa photosynthesis, ntchito onse carbon ndi oxygen kupanga chakudya. Komanso, zomera komanso kumasula mpweya m'mlengalenga, limene ntchito kupuma mwa zamoyo heterotrophic.

Mpweya woipa (CO2) mu thupi

Mpweya umenewu anachitira ndi zinthu 4 osiyana ndi gaseous zinyalala mankhwala a kagayidwe. Pali oposa 90% ya magazi mu mawonekedwe a bicarbonate (HCO _3). China - mwina kusungunuka NKHA _{2 kapena} asidi carbonic (H2CO _3). Pakuti kugwirizanitsa mankhwala amenewa magazi ziwalo udindo monga chiwindi ndi impso. Bicarbonate - ndi mankhwala mankhwala amene amachita monga gawo lotetezedwa ndi. Kumalimbikitsa magazi pH pa mlingo anakhumba, kupewa kuwonjezeka acidity.

Kapangidwe ndi katundu mpweya woipa

Mpweya woipa (NKHA ₂₎ ndi mankhwala pawiri kuti ndi mpweya firiji ndi pamwamba. Amakhala wina mpweya atomu ndipo maatomu awiri oxygen. Anthu ndi zinyama zimatulutsa mpweya woipa pamene kutulutsa. Komanso, nthawi zonse anapangidwa chinachake organic combusted. Chipinda ntchito mpweya woipa kwa zakudya. Kumeneku amati photosynthesis.

mpweya katundu woipa anali kuphunzira ndi Scottish wasayansi Joseph Black kumbuyo mu 1750s ndi. Ndi mpweya woipa, angathe kugwila mphamvu matenthedwe ndi zimakhudza nyengo ndi nyengo padziko lathuli. Iye chifukwa cha kusintha kwanyengo ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha kwa padziko Lapansi.

Udindo kwachilengedwenso

Mpweya umenewu anachitira ndi zinthu 4 osiyana ndi mapeto mankhwala mu zamoyo kuti alandire mphamvu za kuwonongedwa kwa dzuwa, mafuta ndi amino zidulo. Iyi ndi ndondomeko kudziwika monga kupuma ma, khalidwe la zomera zonse, nyama, bowa zambiri ndipo zina ndi mabakiteriya. Nyama apamwamba, mpweya woipa mu magazi likupita ku zimakhala za thupi m'mapapo kumene wotuluka tikamapuma. Zomera kuwapeza m'mlengalenga ntchito photosynthesis.

ayezi youma

Ayezi youma kapena olimba wa carbon dioxide ndi boma olimba mpweya NKHA ₂ ndi kutentha -78,5 ° C. Mu mawonekedwe zachilengedwe ndi chinthu sanapezeke m'chilengedwe koma ndi munthu. Ndi colorless ndi angagwiritsidwe ntchito yokonza zakumwa enaake, monga mchitidwe yozizira ku muli ndi ayisikilimu ndi cosmetology, mwachitsanzo chifukwa yozizira koopsa a njerewere. A peyala ya ayezi youma zingachititse kutsamwa ndi ku imfa. Pamene ntchito ayezi youma ayenera kusamala ndi Luso.

Pa kuthamanga yachibadwa izo si kusungunula ku olimba kwa madzi, ndi m'malo atuluka mwachindunji ku kolimba kwa mpweya. Zimenezi zimatchedwa sublimation. Asintha mwachindunji ku kolimba kwa mpweya pa kutentha kulikonse pamwamba kutentha otsika kwambiri. Youma ayezi sublimates pa kutentha yachibadwa. Izi akumasula carbon dioxide, amene alibe fungo ndi mtundu. Mpweya woipa akhoza liquefied pa kupanikiza kuposa 5.1 ATM. Mpweya umene kumasulidwa ku youma ayezi ozizira kuti pamene wothira mpweya akamazizira ya nthunzi ya madzi mu mlengalenga ngati nkhungu, amene amaoneka ngati wandiweyani woyera utsi.

Kukonzekera katundu mankhwala ndipo anachita

Mu mafakitale mpweya okusayidi 4 linakonzedwa m'njira ziwiri:

1. Ndi moto mafuta (C + O ₂ = NKHA _2).
2. Ndi kuwonongeka matenthedwe miyala ya laimu (CaCO ₃ = CaO + NKHA _2).

Chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya monoxide lidzayeretsedwa 4 liquefied ndi kupopa mu balloons wapadera.

Monga chidulo, mpweya okusayidi 4 anachitira ndi zipangizo monga:

• Madzi. Pamene kusungunuka mitundu carbonic asidi (H ₂ NKHA _3).
• Zamchere njira. 4 Mpweya monoxide (NKHA chilinganizo ₂₎ ali anachitira ndi alkalis. Mu asidi mchere izi sing'anga anapanga (NaHCO _3).
• oxides Basic. Mu salt zochita kupangidwa carbonates (CaCO ₃ Na ₂ NKHA _3).
• Mpweya. 4 pamene monoxide kaboni anachitira ndi khala otentha, 2 aumbike mwa okusayidi mpweya (mpweya monoxide), zomwe zingachititse poizoni. (NKHA ₂ + C = 2 Akorinto).
• Magnesium. Childs, mpweya woipa sadzakhala kuthandiza kuyaka, kokha pa kutentha kwambiri, akhoza kutani ndi zitsulo zina. Mwachitsanzo, lita imodzi ya magnesium adzapitiriza kuwotcha kwa NKHA ₂ pa redox anachita (2Mg + NKHA ₂ = 2MgO + C).

Mkhalidwe zimene mpweya monoxide akuwonetseredwa 4 ndi kudutsa izo kupyolera madzi anajambulapo (Ca (o) ₂ kapena madzi barite (Ba (o) _2. Munthu angathe kusunga turbidity ndi mpweya. Ngati ndiye kupitiriza loyenda carbon dioxide, madzi kukhala mandala kachiwiri , carbonates monga insoluble mtima mu carbonates wa hydrogen sungunuka (acidic mchere asidi carbonic).

Mpweya woipa ndi kubala pa kuyaka kwa onse utsi mpweya ofotokoza monga dziko (gasi), distillates mafuta (mafuta, dizilo, palafini, propane), malasha kapena mtengo. Nthawi zambiri, madzi komanso anatchula.

Mpweya woipa (mpweya woipa) tichipeza chimodzi mpweya atomu ndipo maatomu awiri mpweya imene ikuchitikira pamodzi ndi nsinga covalent (kapena ma elekitironi magawano). Koyera mpweya chosowa kwambiri. Umapezeka chikhalidwe kokha mu mawonekedwe a mchere, graphite ndi diamondi. Ngakhale izi, ndi nyumba chipika wa moyo umene osakaniza hydrogen ndi mpweya mitundu pawiri zikuluzikulu, zonse chomwe dzikoli.

Chimasanduka monga malasha, mafuta ndiponso gasi - pawiri ongokhala mpweya ndi wa hydrogen. mchitidwe umenewu uli calcite (CaCo ₃₎ ndi mchere mu nyanja ndi metamorphic miyala ya laimu ndi za nsangalabwi. mchitidwe umenewu, umene limapangidwa nkhani zonse organic - kuchokera mafuta okumba pansi kuti DNA.