Zitsanzo za kayendedwe makina. Mawotchi kayendedwe: Physics, kalasi 10

Zitsanzo za kayendedwe makina kudziwika kwa ife ku moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Izi kudutsa galimoto, ndege, ngalawa. Zitsanzo losavuta kuyenda makina, timapanga tokha, akudutsa ena. Aliyense wachiwiri kwa dziko lathu likuyenda mu ndege ziwiri: Dzuwa ndi nguli. Izinso, zitsanzo za kayendedwe makina. Choncho tiyeni tsopano tikambirane nkhani imeneyi mwachindunji.

Kodi chimachitika zimango

, Tiyeni tione onse amene amatchedwa zimango pamaso akulankhula, kodi zitsanzo za kayendedwe makina. Ife sitikhala kupita zikusowa sayansi ndi ntchito nambala yaikulu mawu. Ngati ife kulankhula losavuta, zimango - ndi nthambi ya sayansi kuti amachita ndi chisonyezo cha matupi. Ndipo zimene zingakhale, makaniko izi? Ophunzira mu maphunziro sayansi yodziwa Ndime zake. Izi kinematics, mphamvu ndi statics.

Aliyense wa magulu a akuphunzira Baibulo lamulo la matupi, koma ali ndi khalidwe chabe kwa iye makamaka. Chimene, poyamba, ambiri ntchito pothetsa mavuto zogwirizana. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kinematics lapansi. Aliyense sukulu buku masiku ano zothandiza pakompyuta kufotokoza momveka bwino kuti lamulo la dongosolo kinematics makina imatengedwa popanda kutenga nkhani zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa gululi. Pa nthawi yomweyo tikudziwa kuti chifukwa cha mathamangitsidwe, chimene chingandithandize thupi zoyenda, ndi mphamvu.

Kodi ngati mphamvu muyenera kuganizira

Koma kuganizira kale ankachita foni pamene galimoto ndi chinkhoswe mu gawo lotsatira, wotchedwa mphamvu. Mawotchi kayendedwe liwiro lomwe ndi limodzi mwa magawo zofunika mu mphamvu yogwirizana ndi mfundo imeneyi. Otsiriza a zigawo - statics. Zakhala kuphunzira zinthu mgwirizano wa kachitidwe makina. Chitsanzo losavuta ndi malo amodzi kugwirizanitsa zolemera ola. Onani kuti aphunzitsi: phunziro mu sayansi, "makina kayendedwe" mu sukulu ayenera kuyamba ndi ichi. Choyamba, apereke zitsanzo, kenako kugawanitsa patatu, zimango, ndi pamenepo pokha chitani mpumulo.

Zimene zingayambitse mavuto

Ngakhale ngati ife akutanthauza gawo limodzi, tiyeni kuganiza ndi kinematics, ife pano akuyembekezera nambala yaikulu ya ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Chinthu kuli zinthu zingapo, potengera zomwe, ntchito chimodzimodzi kuperekedwa mu kuwala kosiyana. Komanso vuto chisonyezo kinematic zikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi nkhani ya ufulu kugwa. Izi Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane.

ndi chatsika mu kinematics chiyani

Zimenezi akhoza kupereka matanthauzo angapo. Komabe, zivute zitani kuchepetsedwa kwa mfundo imodzi. Pamene ufulu kugwa pa thupi kokha mphamvu yokoka amachita. Iwo imatsogoleredwa kuchokera pakati pa misa thupi limodzi utali wozungulira ku likulu la Dziko. otsalawo angathe kukhala "wofatsa" chinenero ndi matanthauzo mwamsanga pamene mukufuna. Komabe, pamaso pa chimodzi chokha yokoka pa gulu ngati m'pofunika.

Mmene angathetsere mavuto mu kugwa mfulu kinematics ndi

Choyamba tiyenera "kupeza" mitunduyi. Ngati mudzapempha mphunzitsi masiku ano sayansi, iye amayankha inu kuti chidziwitso cha mitunduyi ndi - ndi theka yankho. kotala uli kuperekedwa pa kamvedwe ka ndondomeko ndi kotala wina - pa ndondomeko mawerengedwe. Koma kachitidwe, kachitidwe ndi chilinganizo kamodzinso - ichi ndi chimene chimapanga chithandizo ndi.

Tikhoza kupempha mfulu kugwa kwa nkhani yapadera ya uniformly inapita apaulendo. Chifukwa chiyani? Inde, chifukwa tonse kuti zimatengera. Mofulumira ndi sidzasinthika, ndi mamita 9,8 pa mbali zonse chachiwiri. Pa mfundo imeneyi, tikhoza kupitiriza. Chilinganizo mtunda anayenda ndi thupi pamene uniformly inapita zoyenda, ali mawonekedwe: S = Vot + (-) pa ^ 2/2. Apa, S - mtunda, Vo - mathamangidwe koyamba, T - nthawi, - mathamangitsidwe. Tsopano tidzayesetsa kubweretsa dongosolo lino la nkhani ya ufulu kugwa.

Monga tidanena kale, izi ndi mlandu wapadera wa uniformly inapita apaulendo. Ngati - ndi ochiritsira wamba zoti mathamangitsidwe, ga ku (ndi kutibwezera) adzakhala ndi kotsimikizika mtengo n'zosangalatsa kumva, amatchedwanso tabular. Tiyeni kulilembanso chilinganizo mtunda kudutsa thupi mlanduwo ndi kugwa ufulu: S = Vot + (-) GT ^ 2/2.

Iwo anazindikira kuti zikachitika kayendedwe zidzachitika mu ndege choimirira. Choonde mvetselani chakuti palibe njira imene tingathe kufotokoza kwa chilinganizo pamwamba popanda thupi. Kodi kutaya bokosi kapena mwala, mwachitsanzo, denga, kapena awiri mwala kulemera osiyana - zinthu zimenezi nthawi yomweyo chiyambi cha kugwa ndipo tidakocheza pafupifupi imodzi.

Freefall. Mawotchi kuyenda. ntchito

Mwa njira, pali chinthu monga liwiro yomweyo. Zimatanthauza liwiro pa gulu nthawi iliyonse. Ndipo kugwa ufulu tingadziwire mosavuta, wodziwa mlingo woyambilira. Ndipo ngati ndi ziro, choncho zambiri chidutswa cha mkate. Chilinganizo yomweyo mathamangidwe mu ufulu kugwa mu kinematics wa mawonekedwe: V = Vo + GT. Onani kuti "-" chizindikiro mbisoweka. Pambuyo amavalidwa, pamene thupi kubweza pansi. Ndipo monga thupi amachepetsa kapumidwe kugwa? Choncho, ngati mathamangidwe koyamba sichinayambe anati yomweyo imangokhala wofanana ndi mankhwala yokoka mathamangitsidwe ga pa nthawi ya kugwa kwa T, yapita kuchokera pachiyambi cha filimu.

Physics. Mawotchi zoyenda mu ufulu kugwa

Tiyeni tisunthire kwa mavuto enieni pa nkhaniyi. Kuganiza chikhalidwe zotsatirazi. ana anaganiza kuti akasangalale ndi kuponyera tennis mpira kwa ntsoyi ya nyumba. Kupeza chimene chinali liwiro ndi tennis mpira panthawi mmene pansi, ngati nyumba ali ndi apansi khumi. Msinkhu wa pansi limodzi akayiyike wofanana mamita atatu. mpira adzamasulidwa ku dzanja.

Kuthana ndi vuto limeneli sadzakhala-sitepe imodzi, ngati ungaganize poyamba. Zikuoneka kuti zonse yauma osavuta, monga mmalo nambala anakhumba mu dongosolo la mathamangidwe yomweyo ndipo onse. Koma pamene iwo kotero ife tikhoza kukumana ndi vuto: sitikudziwa nthawi ya kugwa kwa mpirawo. Tiyeni tione zina zokhudza vutoli.

Dodge pansi

Choyamba, timapatsidwa angapo apansi, ndipo ife tikudziwa kutalika kwa aliyense wa iwo. Ndi mamita atatu. Choncho, ife athanso kuwerengera mtunda yachibadwa kuchokera padenga pansi. Kachiwiri, tikuuzidwa kuti mpirawo adzamasulidwa ku dzanja. Monga mwachizolowezi, mu mavuto a kayendedwe makina (ndi mavuto mu general) pali zinthu zazing'ono, zomwe pa Koyamba Mwina akuoneka ngati chilichonse waphindu. Komabe, pali mawu akuti kuti tennis mpira alibe mathamangidwe koyamba. Kwambiri, mmodzi wa mawu mu njira ndiye kusiyiratu. Tsopano tiyenera kuona nthawi, imene inachitika mpira mu mlengalenga pamaso pa kugunda pansi.

Pakuti ichi tiyenera mtunda chilinganizo ndi kayendedwe makina. Choyamba kuchotsa mankhwala a liwiro koyamba pa nthawi ya kayendedwe, kuyambira ndi ziro, choncho mankhwala adzakhala wofanana ndi ziro. Kenako, ife kuchulukitsa mbali zonse ziwiri kuti tichotse tizigawo ting'onoting'ono. Tsopano tingathe kufotokoza nthawi lalikulu. Kuti izi mtunda kawiri akufufuta mathamangitsidwe yokoka. Ife ndingozitenga muzu lalikulu la mawu amenewa kudziwa kuchuluka kwa nthawi Panapita ndi kugunda mpira ndi nthaka. Wogwirizira manambala muzu Tingafinye ndi kupeza pafupifupi 2,71 masekondi. Tsopano nambala kuti mmalo mwa chilinganizo cha mathamangidwe yomweyo. Timapeza pafupifupi 26,5 mamita pa mphindi.

Onani kwa aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira kupita pang'ono njira zina. Kuti asasokonezeke mu ziwerengero, zikhale zotheka wosalira chilinganizo komaliza. Ichi chidzakhala zothandiza kwambiri chifukwa padzakhala zochepa chiopsezo kuti kusochera mu kuwerengetsera awo, ndi kuwalola cholakwa. Pankhaniyi, tikhoza chitani motere: kusonyeza chilinganizo cha nthawi mtunda, koma m'malo manambala ndi kulowetsamo ameneŵa njira ndi mathamangidwe yomweyo. Tenepo iye adayang'ana motere: V = ga * sqrt (2S / g). Koma mathamangitsidwe yokoka mungapange kwakukulu mawu. Kuchita izi, izo azipereka pabwalopo. Timapeza V = sqrt (2S * ga ^ 2 / g). Tsopano ife kuchepetsa mathamangitsidwe yokoka mu chimene chachititsa ndi numerator ndi kufufuta digiri ake. Chifukwa cha timapeza V = sqrt (2gS). Yankho adzakhala yemweyo okha mawerengedwe adzakhala zochepa.

Zotsatira ndi mapeto

Choncho, zimene taphunzira lero? Pali zigawo zingapo kuphunzira ndi sayansi. Mawotchi kayendedwe izo lagawidwa mu statics, mphamvu ndi kinematics. Aliyense wa awa mini-Sciences ali ndi makhalidwe ake, amene n'komwe pamene kuthetsa mabvuto. Koma tikhoza kupereka khalidwe ambiri a lingaliro monga zoyenda makina. 10 kalasi - kuphunzira kwambiri yogwira nthambi imeneyi ya sayansi, malinga ndi maphunziro kusukulu. Zimango mulinso milandu ufulu kugwa, monga iwo maganizo tsankho la uniformly inapita apaulendo. Ndipo nkhani zimenezi, tingagwiritse ntchito ndi kinematics.