Kinematics - Kinematics ndi ... tanthauzo, pakubwezeretsa, vuto

ndi kinematics chiyani? Izi kagawo okonzera kuti Maphunziro a masamu ndi zojambula njira ya kufotokoza lamulo la zinthu idealized. Iwo ali magawo angapo. Nkhani Nkhani lero adzakhala zinthu zimene tikuyesera chikugwirizana ndi ganizo la "kinematics". Ife tichita ndi mavuto ambiri, koma kuyamba ndi ambiri sali pa mfundo zofunika ndi mafotokozedwe a ntchito zawo m'munda.

Kodi zinthu amaonedwa?

Ngati kinematics - ndi nthambi ya sayansi kuti amaphunzira njira kufotokoza lamulo la matupi yosiyana-malo, ndiye muyenera ntchito ndi matupi okha, pomwe? Kuti mofulumira kumvetsa zimene uli pangozi, mungapeze anaikira asukulu matumizidwe ophatikizika amawu, nyimbo ndi zithunzi phunziro. Kinematics kumvetsa mwachidule, ngati inu muyang'ana mu maziko ake. Mu kuwerenga izo, inu mudzazindikira kuti chiphunzitso pali mfundo zimene sayansi gawo amaphunzira mfundo za kayendedwe ka mfundo zakuthupi. Taonani mmene zambiri imalongosola zinthu. Komano, mfundo nkhani osati ankaona chinthu kinematics. gawo ikufotokoza mfundo sayansi kuyenda komanso matupi osasinthika ndi madzi abwino. Nthawi zambiri, mfundo zitatu izi amaphatikizidwa mu umodzi, kungonena "idealized zinthu." Idealization Pankhaniyi kufunika kupatsidwa ndi kuchoka zolakwa zotheka mwadongosolo. Ngati inu muyang'ana pa tanthauzo la mfundo chuma, muona kuti akunena za izi: thupi, kukula kwa sipangakhalenso adatayidwira mu zinthu zogwirizana. Izi akhoza kumva motere: poyerekeza ndi kutalika kwa ulendo miyeso liniya wa chinthu ndi negligible.

Kuti ntchito pofotokoza?

Monga tanenera kale, kinematics - ichi boma zimango, amene amaphunzira njira ya kufotokoza lamulo la mfundo. Koma ngati izi ziri choncho, zikutanthauza kuti agwire ntchito ngati timafunika mfundo ndiponso mfundo zofunika, monga axiomatic? Inde. Ndipo mu nkhani iyi iwo ali. Choyamba, mu kinematics ndi anayambitsa ulamuliro kuthetsa vutoli, osati kuyang'ana pa magulu wochititsa pa mfundo zakuthupi. Ife tonse tikudziwa kuti thupi inapita patsogolo kapena decelerated kukachitika kuti wina mphamvu zochita pa izo. Ndipo kinematics - ichi ndi kagawo kuti amalola kuti ntchito mathamangitsidwe wa. Komabe, chikhalidwe cha mphamvu akutulukira si pano. Polongosola zoyenda ntchito kusanthula masamu, ndi liniya ndi okhudza malo Masamu ndi ajebura. Kusewera ndi grids udindo ndi amene amayang'anira okha. Koma ife kulankhula za mtsogolo pang'ono.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

The ntchito choyamba pa kinematics anali opangidwa ndi wasayansi wamkulu Aristotle. Chimene iye anakhala ena mwa mfundo zofunika za nthambi izi. Ndipo ngakhale ngakhale kuti ntchito yake ndipo zimene iwo anapeza muli ena maganizo olakwika ndi maganizo, ntchito zidakali cha mtengo wapatali kwa sayansi amakono. Ntchito za Aristotle kenako anaphunzira Galileo Galilei. Iye imachitika zatsopano ndi wotchuka atatsamira Tower pamene ayesedwa regularities ufulu kugwa thupi. Atalingaliranso utali wonse ndi kupingasa maganizo ndi Galileo pansi kutsutsa nkhanza apeza Aristotle. Mwachitsanzo, ngati yotsirizira analemba kuti mphamvu - n'kumene za kayendedwe, Galileo anatsimikizira kuti mphamvu ndi mathamangitsidwe n'chiyani, koma osati chakuti thupi amatenga ndiponso zimayamba kusuntha ndi kudzalimbikitsa. Malinga ndi Aristotle, thupi likhoza kupeza liwiro anali mchikakamizo cha mphamvu zina. Koma ife tikudziwa kuti maganizo amenewa ndi Mungolakwa pali yunifolomu liniya apaulendo. Izi kamodzinso zimatsimikizira chilinganizo kinematics. Ndipo ife tichoke ku funso lotsatira.

Kinematics. Physics. mfundo zofunika

M'chigawo chino pali mfundo za chibadidwe ndi matanthauzo. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi anthu chachikulu.

mawotchi kayendedwe

Mwina, kusukulu, ife tikuyesera kuyala lingaliro la chimene tinganene kuti kuyenda kwa makina. Ife anakumana tsiku ndi tsiku, ola lililonse, aliyense chachiwiri. Mawotchi kayendedwe, tingayerekezere ndondomeko imene amapezeka mu danga pa nthawi, ndicho kusintha malo a thupi. Nthawi kwambiri ntchito mu ndondomeko ya relativity, ndiko kunena kuti udindo, kunena, thupi loyamba zasintha ndi kulemekeza udindo wachiwiri. Tiyeni tiyerekeze kuti mu mzere poyambira ndife magalimoto awiri. Inkaweyulidwa woyendetsa kapena anayatsa nyali - makina amathamangira. Pa chiyambi cha kusintha pamalo kale. Ndipo inu mukhoza kuyankhula za izo yaitali ndiponso yosasangalatsa: wachibale mpikisano, wachibale za chiyambi mzere, ndi ndi amodzi wowerenga. Koma mwina mfundo momveka bwino. The Tinganenenso chimodzimodzi za anthu awiri amene mwina mbali imodzi kapena zosiyana. Udindo wa aliyense wa iwo wachibale wina zimasiyanasiyana pa mfundo iliyonse nthawi.

dongosolo Buku

Kinematics, sayansi - sayansi zonsezi ntchito ngati lingaliro kwambiri monga dongosolo kutchulidwa. Ndipotu ali ndi udindo wofunika kwambiri ndi ntchito mavuto othandiza kulikonse. ali zigawo ziwiri zofunika akhoza zogwirizana ndi dongosolo la pakuyenerera.

Ndondomeko gululi

Yotsirizira ndi kanthu koposa ya manambala ndi makalata. Ntchito tanthauzo mayunitsi zomveka, tikhoza kupanga chimodzi ooneka enieni kapena ziwiri ooneka enieni gululi, umene ungatithandize kuthetsa mavuto yosavuta ndi kusintha malo mfundo chuma kwa nthaŵi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mchitidwe wa gululi awiri azithunzi omwe tikunena ndi nkhwangwa X ( "X") ndi Y ( "Y"). Mu malo atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena zimawonjezera Z olamulira ( "ERT") ndipo pali kokha ndondomeko limodzi azithunzi omwe tikunena X. zambiri ntchito zida zankhondo ndi reconnaissance. Ndipo nthawi yoyamba timakumana nawo ku pulayimale, tikayamba kuti ajambule mwachindunji kutalika. Nditamaliza maphunziro palibe koma ntchito ndondomeko kusonyeza chiyambi ndi mapeto.

Kinematics kalasi 10. mtengo

mfundo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa mavuto a kinematics mfundo - mtunda, nthawi, liwiro ndi mathamangitsidwe. Tiyeni tikambirane otsiriza awiri mwatsatanetsatane. Onse mfundo izi - vekitala. M'mawu ena, iwo ali ndi kuwonetsera n'zosangalatsa kumva, koma wina anakonzeratu malangizo. kayendedwe ka thupi kukhala mbali imene mathamangidwe ndi vekitala imatsogoleredwa. Pa nthawi yomweyo tiyenera kukumbukira mathamangitsidwe vekitala, ngati tili ndi vuto kuyenda m'goli. Mofulumira akhoza kupita mbali imodzi kapena zosiyana. Ngati iwo ali mbali imodzi, thupi iyamba kusuntha mofulumira ndipo mofulumira. Ngati malamulo zosiyanasiyana slowdown zidzachitika ku chinthu mpaka mabasi. Kenako, mu kukhalapo kwa zosiyana mathamangitsidwe thupi kupeza liwiro, i.e. akhudze zosiyana. Zonsezi zili Mchitidwe, momveka bwino zikusonyeza kinematics. 10 kalasi - izi ndi nthawi imene sayansi gawo anaulula mokwanira.

chilinganizo

Chilinganizo kinematics ali ophweka mokwanira kwa linanena bungwe, ndi kukumbukira. Mwachitsanzo, njira anayendayenda nthawi ina mtunda chinthu ali mawonekedwe zotsatirazi: S = VoT + pa ^ 2/2. Monga tikuonera, kumanzere tili ndi chabe mtunda wofanana. Kumanja mungapeze mathamangidwe koyamba, ndipo mathamangitsidwe nthawi. "Plus" chizindikiro waima salembedwa yekha, monga mathamangitsidwe akhoza kutenga zoipa scalar phindu pa braking ndondomeko chinthu. Makamaka, kinematics kuyenda imasonyeza kukhalako kwa mtundu umodzi wa liwiro, ife nthawizonse timati "koyamba", "mapeto", "yomweyo". Yomweyo liwiro limawonekera pa nthawi inayake. Koma ngati mukuganiza choncho, ndiye zigawo zikuluzikulu komaliza kapena koyamba kanthu kena koma mawonetseredwe ake tsankho, pomwe? Mutu wa "Kinematics" mwina ndiwotani mwa ana asukulu, chifukwa n'zosavuta ndi chidwi.

Zitsanzo za ntchito

Mu kinematics losavuta, pali magulu lonse la ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Onsewo ali m'njira yogwirizana ndi zoyenda mfundo zakuthupi. Mwachitsanzo, ena amafuna kudziwa mtunda anayenda ndi thupi pa nthawi. Izi akhoza magawo kudziwika monga mathamangidwe koyamba ndi mathamangitsidwe. Ndipo mwinamwake, pamaso mwana waika ntchito, yemwe ali yemweyo adzakhala kufunika kwa kunena ndi kuwerengera mathamangitsidwe wa thupi. Tiyeni tione chitsanzo. Galimoto akuyamba pamalo malo amodzi. Sankhula adzakhala ndi nthawi kupita masekondi 5, ngati mathamangitsidwe ndi wofanana mamita atatu, anagawa ndi wachiwiri lalikulu?

Kuti athetse vutoli tiyenera chilinganizo S = VoT + pa ^ 2/2. Mu izo, ife chabe mmalo deta zilipo. mathamangitsidwe Izi ndi nthawi. Onani kuti liwu Vot amapita ku ziro, kuyambira mathamangidwe koyamba ndi ziro. Choncho, ife tipeze yankho n'zosangalatsa kumva mamita 75. Ndizo zonse, vutoli kuthetsedwa.

zotsatira

Choncho, ife kumvetsa mfundo zofunika ndi matanthauzo, anapereka chitsanzo cha mfundo ndi kukambirana za mbiri ya m'gawo lino. Kinematics, mfundo yomwe kuwonjezekeredwa mu kalasi chiwiri pa maphunziro sayansi, zonse kuwongolera mkati mwa relativistic (sanali chakale) gawo.