Ngozi Social. Gulu la zowopseza chikhalidwe

zoona zake n'zakuti kulikonse mosachotsera, loyang'anizana mavuto ena chibadidwe m'dzikoli. Iwo ndi ochokera m'madera, mosiyana mu chibadwa ndi mphamvu, koma iwo amagwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti ngati amanyalanyaza zotsatira zake zingakhale zoopsa. Ngakhale n'lochepa koyamba, kuopseza chikhalidwe zingachititse kuti zipolowe otchuka, nkhondo, ndipo ngakhale kuti kutha kwa dziko ndi mapu a Dziko Lapansi.

Tanthawuzo la "zoopsa"

Kumvetsa chimene icho chiri, inu muyenera woyamba wa zonse kupereka tanthauzo la mawu. "Ngozi" ndi limodzi mwa magawo wofunikila wa sayansi ya umoyo ndi chitetezo. Komanso tisaiwale kuti ambiri a olemba m'Zolemba kuti vuto pamodzi ndi njira kuti adziteteze iwo ndi phunziro la sayansi chomwecho.

Malinga S. I. Ozhegovu ngozi - ndi kuthekera pakutchulidwa chinachake cholakwika ndi mavuto aliwonse.

tanthauzo limeneli kwambiri makonzedwe ndi silinena zovuta lonse la chiphunzitso cha. Yoganizira mwatsatanetsatane za kufunika kupereka zochuluka mozama tanthauzo la mawu. Kuopsa m'lingaliro wodziika angathe kutanthauziridwa monga weniweni kapena kuthekera zochitika, ndondomeko kapena zochitika kuti atha kuwononga munthu aliyense, gulu lina la anthu onse pa dziko pokha anthu kapena mabungwe onse. kuwonongeka ichi tingasonyezere mawonekedwe a kuwononga zinthu, kuwonongedwa kwa zinthu zauzimu ndiponso makhalidwe abwino ndi mfundo kudzitsitsa ndi involution a anthu.

Mawu akuti "ngozi" si lofanana ndi "oukira." Ngakhale kuti mfundo imeneyi ndi nkhaniyi, pansi pa "oukira" amatanthauza poyera anafuulira cholinga cha munthu kuvulaza thupi kapena chuma munthu wina kapena anthu onse. Choncho, ngozi kudutsa sitepe ziyerekezo mogwirizana zenizeni, i.e. panopa alipo kale.

Chinthu ndi nkhani za kuopsa

Poganizira zoopsa zimenezi, m'pofunika kuganizira mogwirizana kwa nkhaniyi, pa dzanja limodzi ndi chinthu - pa ena.

Mutu ndi chonyamulira kapena gwero lake, lomwe zinthu monga anthu, malo ochezera, kuchuluka luso ndi chilengedwe.

Zinthu, mudzachitira amene imvera Chiopsezo kapena ngozi (umunthu, malo ochezera, boma, anthu padziko lonse).

Tikumbukenso kuti munthu akhoza kukhala mutu ndi chinthu choopsa. Komanso, amaika udindo pofuna kupewa ngozi. M'mawu ena, iye "ulamuliro" ake.

Gawo ngozi

Pakali pano, pali pafupifupi 150 mitundu ya zinthu zimene zingasokoneze, ndipo, monga ena olemba si mndandanda. Pofuna kukhala ndi miyeso yabwino kwambiri kuti sangalepheretse kapena, pafupifupi, kungachepetse zotsatira zawo zoipa ndi mavuto pa munthu, m'pofunika kuchita systematization awo. Hazard gulu - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mfundo yaikulu ya phunziroli akatswiri. Komabe, kutsutsana ambiri mkangano kuti tsiku ndiribe zidapatsa zotsatira ankayembekezera - muyezo gulu ndipo sanathe kukhala.

Malinga ndi mmodzi mwa kufanizitsa yonse, pali mitundu zotsatirazi chikuchitika.

Malinga ndi chiyambi:

• , adzetsa ndi zochitika zachilengedwe ndi njira khalidwe la mpumulo, nyengo;
• zachilengedwe, chifukwa kusintha kulikonse kumene kunachitika chilengedwe zimene zimakhudza mphamvu;
• anthropogenic, chifukwa zochita za anthu ndi mmene iye mwachindunji pa chilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana luso;
• opangidwa, akuwuka poyankha ntchito mafakitale ndi chuma anthu pa ofesi ya za thupi technosphere lapansi.

Ndi mwamphamvu amadziŵika:

• oopsa;
• oopsa kwambiri.

Malinga ndi kutulutsidwa Kuphunzira lonse:

• m'deralo (mkati dera);
• dera (mkati chigawo chomwe mufuna);
• interregional (mwa zigawo zingapo);
• padziko lonse, zokhudza dziko lonse.

Pakuti nthawi ya akuti:

• magaziniyo kapena zosakhalitsa;
• okhazikika.

Pa kuzindikira maganizo a anthu:

• anazindikira;
• Ine samaona.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu poyera kuti zowopseza:

• munthu;
• gulu;
• Misa.

Kodi tinganene chiyani za gulu la zowopseza chikhalidwe

ngozi Social, kapena ngati iwo amatchedwa anthu, sakanikira m'chilengedwe. Komabe, pali mbali imodzi umene umakhala iwo onse: ali kuopseza nambala yaikulu anthu, ngakhale pa koyamba zikuoneka kuti amatumizidwa mwachindunji adiresi ya munthu weniweni. Mwachitsanzo, munthu osokoneza bongo, likupita mavuto osati okha komanso achibale ndi mabwenzi amene amakakamizika kukhala mwamantha chifukwa cha "chilema" odzipereka ndi anawakonda anthu awo.

Kuopseza achuluka, choncho kusowa inalamula. Standard gulu lero kulibe. Komabe, mmodzi wa typologies ambiri anati mitundu zotsatirazi zowopseza chikhalidwe.

1. Economic - umphawi, hyperinflation, ulova chachikulu kusamuka ndi ena.
2. Political - separatism, mawonetseredwe kwambiri dziko lawo, chauvinism, vuto la ing'onoing'ono dziko, mikangano mitundu, monyanyira, kuphana ndi ena.
3. Chiwerengero - kukula kwa kukwera kwa chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse, kusamuka oletsedwa, kufika tsopano lonse zoopsa mopanikizana m'mayiko ena, pa dzanja limodzi, ndi kutha kwa mitundu, pa ena, otchedwa matenda chikhalidwe, monga Mwachitsanzo, TB ndi AIDS, ndipo neri Al.
4. Banja - uchidakwa, alibe pokhala, uhule, nkhanza, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, etc ..

Gawo zina za ngozi chikhalidwe

Iwo akhoza wachinsinsi mogwirizana ndi mfundo zina.

Ndi chikhalidwe ndi mavuto okhudzidwa:

• akuchita pa psyche anthu (milandu mwamantha, kulanda, chinyengo, kuba, etc.);
• zokhudza nkhanza (milandu banditry chomenyera mantha, kuba, etc ...);
• kwaiye yosungirako, ntchito ndi kameredwe mankhwala kapena zinthu zina psychoactive (mankhwala, mowa, fodya, ndi kosaloledwa kusuta zosakaniza, etc ...);
• uka makamaka chifukwa cha zochita mosadziteteza kugonana (AIDS, matenda venereal, etc ..).

Ndi kugonana ndi zaka kusiyanitsa ngozi zokhudza:

• ana;
• achinyamata;
• amuna / akazi;
• okalamba.

Malinga lokonzekera (bungwe):

• anakonza;
• musanaganizire.

Mukudziwa ngozi zofunika. Izi adzalola kuchitapo kanthu yake kuwaletsa, kapena kuwonongedwa mofulumira.

Magwero ndi zimayambitsa zowopseza chikhalidwe

Health ndi moyo pangozi osati ngozi zachilengedwe komanso chikhalidwe. Tcheru ziperekedwe kwa mitundu yonse kuyambira kunyalanyaza iwo kungachititse kuti mavuto adzaoneni. Zoopsa wawatenga ngakhale kutchedwa prerequisites, zofunika kwambiri zimene ziri zosiyana anthu njira za chikhalidwe chikhalidwe ndi chuma. pasukuluyi, nayenso, si lachibadwa, koma chifukwa zochita anthu, mwachitsanzo zochita zake. Anthu kapena zochita zina zimadalira mlingo wa kukula m'nzeru ya munthu, angakondere mfundo za chikumbumtima ndi chikhalidwe, kuchotsedwa zomwe pamapeto pake imalongosola ndi amawasonyeza njira yake mu banja, gulu ndi anthu. Nthenda khalidwe, kapena m'malo wakhalidwe losalongosoka, ndi aberration mwakale ndi kutitengera owononga ena. Choncho, akhoza amanena kuti ungwiro wa umunthu - njira imodzi yofunika kwambiri zowopseza chikhalidwe.

Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa ngozi chikhalidwe, chisangalalo, kukulitsa mikangano mizu mwa umphawi kapena kupanda chinachake. Zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, pathological kusowa ndalama, kusowa zinthu chokwanira moyo, kusowa kwa thandizo, ulemu ndi chikondi kwa anzanga ndi achibale, ndikosatheka kudziletsa kuzindikira, sapatsidwa, nthawi zonse kukula vuto lochitira, umbuli ndi kusafuna za akuluakulu a kumvetsa ndi kuthetsa mavuto, Iwo anakumana ndi tsiku ndi anthu, ndi zina zotero. d.

Poganizira zimayambitsa kumuopseza chikhalidwe, m'pofunika kudalira pa mfundo yakuti "zonse amakhudza chirichonse," ndiko kuti, magwero a ngozi - ndizo zonse zamoyo ndi zopanda moyo, kuopseza anthu kapena chikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana zake zonse.

Mwachidule, tinganene kuti magwero chachikulu ngozi ndi:

• ndondomeko ndi zochitika zimene ziri ndi magwero achilengedwe
• zinthu amapanga chilengedwe opangidwa;
• ntchito ndi zochita za munthu.

Zifukwa chifukwa cha zomwe ena zinthu amakhudzidwa mokulirapo, pamene ena amavutika pa onse, malingana ndi katundu yeniyeni ya zinthu izi.

ngozi chikhalidwe zachiwawa zimenezi?

Chiwerengerochi kusonyeza pachaka kukula kwa upandu mu dziko, chabe chidwi ndiponso involuntarily amakakamizidwa ndikuganiza za tanthauzo la moyo. Akuvutika chifukwa cha kuswa malamulo, zachiwawa mukhoza kukhala munthu aliyense, kaya mwamuna kapena mkazi, zaka, fuko ndi chipembedzo. Pali nkhani zambiri za mlanduwo, osati malamulo. Pozindikira kuopsa kwa zinthu ndi udindo umene moyo ana ndi akulu wathanzi amayesetsa mmene ndingathere mwatsatanetsatane kufotokozera ana awo ngozi chikhalidwe cha upandu, kodi kutembenukira kusasamala, kudzidalira kwambiri kapena lightheadedness. Mwana aliyense ayenera kudziwa kuti upandu - dala ukuperekedwa munthu kapena gulu la anthu. Ndi zowopsa anthu, ndi lobadwa upandu, ayenera kulangidwa moyenerera.

M'lingaliro tingachipeze powerenga za upandu ndi mawonetseredwe owopsa khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka, amene umawononga kwambiri kwa anthu. Upandu, nayenso n'kutani siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo motsutsa kuti chikhalidwe. Kupondelezedwa kwa lamulo - si ngozi zachilengedwe. Iwo sanalembedwepo chifukwa zochitika zachilengedwe, sangathe kuziletsa wa munthu, ndi bwino kubwera kwa munthuyo ndipo ukuperekedwa. Upandu "limamasula" anthu, limene chimakhala chogwidwa ndi osauka, ambiri alibe pokhala, ambiri a m'mabanja osokonekera, ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, uchidakwa ndi uhule si amaona ambiri monga chinachake kuchokera wamba.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya milandu chikhalidwe oopsa

Upandu, mosakayikira kuimira ngozi chikhalidwe. BC (moyo chitetezo) anati zotsatirazi upandu ambiri kuti kungasokoneze pa chilengedwe, uchigawenga, chinyengo, kuba, akuyendeni pansi, kugwiririra.

Mantha - chiwawa thupi mphamvu mpaka imfa.

Katangale - mlandu, ndicho chimene chiri kupeza katundu wina ndi chinyengo.

Cholanda - mlandu umene ukunenedwa monga kupeza katundu wina. Komabe, mosiyana ndi chinyengo, kuba zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chiwawa oopsa kwa moyo kapena thanzi la anthu.

Akuyendeni pansi - mlandu zimene zimaphatikizapo kuopseza padzuwa la munthu kuti apeze kwa izo wosiyana chuma kapena osakhala zakuthupi.

Kugwiririra - mlandu umene ndi chiwawa Kugonana, imene wovulalayo ali mu mkhalidwe njakata.

Kufotokoza mwa chidule za mitundu ikuluikulu ya mavuto societal

Kumbukirani kuti zoopsa chikhalidwe monga: kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, uchidakwa, matenda venereal, uchigawenga, chinyengo, kuba, akuyendeni pansi, kugwiririra, etc. Taganizirani kumuopseza izi kukhazikika zambiri ..

• Kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo - mmodzi wa wodalira wamphamvu anthu. Mankhwala zinthu zina ndi matenda, pafupifupi sachiranso. Munthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza, mu chikhalidwe ngati kuledzera sapereka nkhani za zochita zawo. maganizo ake ndimitambo, ndipo akulephera kuyenda. Pa nthawi euphoria, anangotengeka mzere wa pakati pa chowonadi ndi maloto, dziko limaoneka wangwiro, koma moyo duwa. The mphamvu kumverera, chizolowezi amabwera msanga. Komabe, mankhwala - osati wotchipa "kukondweretsedwa". Kupeza zikutanthauza kuti atenge lotsatira mlingo osokoneza angathe kuba, kulanda, kuba phindu, kapena kuwapha.
• Uchidakwa - matenda amene amapezeka chifukwa cha uchidakwa. Mowa yodziwika ndi kupata kuwonongeka maganizo, pamodzi ndi zikamera wa chiwerengero cha matenda enieni. N'zochititsa chidwi bwanji zotumphukira ndi chapakati mantha dongosolo. Mowa limaletsa amazunza si iye yekha, komanso banja lake lonse.
• Opatsirana pogonana matenda - .. AIDS, chinzonono, chindoko, etc. ngozi anzawo kwagona kuti amafalitsidwa ndi liwiro lalikulu komanso kungasokoneze thanzi ndi moyo wa odwala osati mwachindunji, komanso kuti anthu onse. Mwazina, odwala zambiri kubisala kwa anthu choonadi za mmene thanzi lawo ndi losasamala kulowa iwo mu chibwenzi chogonana, motero kufalitsa matenda mofulumira.

zowopseza Anti-chikhalidwe

Mu moyo wawo, munthu amatipeza ndi mavuto oopsa osiyanasiyana. Lero tiona pangozi chikhalidwe. BC, ndiye chitetezo iwo ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zofunikira kwambiri za boma lililonse. Akuluakulu, akuluakulu ena a boma akuyenera kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha anthu, amene wapereka iwo kulamulira. Maudindo awo yomweyo monga Kukonza ndi kukhazikitsa miyeso komanso zodzitetezera, zomwe cholinga chake ndi kupewa ndi kuthetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zoopsa. Khalani zasonyeza kuti kunyalanyaza kapena kunyalanyaza kumuopseza chikhalidwe kumabweretsa chakuti zinthu pa anthu ndi analumikiza, amakhala pafupifupi unmanageable napita ndi nthawi mogwirizana kwambiri, kukhala mbali ndi makhalidwe a mwadzidzidzi. Kulikonse amagwera anthu ngozi chikhalidwe. Zitsanzo za moyo mankhwala, zidakwa, zigawenga ayenera nthawi zonse tizikumbukira kuti tili ndi udindo zimene zikuchitika ndipo akuyenera kuthandiza osauka ndi opanda mwayi kutali zedi. Only khama olowa akhoza kusintha.