Kufanana zolondola khoma pulasitala njira

Pulasitala kapena nsalu wosanjikiza waikamo padziko pa zomangamanga, ndi kuvomerezedwa sitepe patsogolo kumaliza.

Izi mwapadera okonzeka nyumba osakaniza (njira), zomwe solidifies pambuyo kuyanika kupanga olimba lathyathyathya pamwamba kukonzekera kumaliza.

Nthawi zambiri chifukwa amapangidwa ntchito mayikidwe makoma, kukonza cholakwa chilichonse ndi kusindikiza luso njira kupangidwa mu ndondomeko kukonza Mwachitsanzo, pamene atagona Kulumikizana latsopano. Pamwamba amakhala mosabisa, yosalala ndi aesthetically zokondweretsa.

kufanana enieni a mpanda pulasitala njira amalola okonzeka kusakaniza pambuyo atayanika ntchito yake ndipo si kutha ndi nthawi. Kuti ufulu wake wosankha, muyenera kukhala ndi chithunzithunzi za mitundu ya kasakaniza ndi cholinga chawo. Chidziwitso cha zigawo yaikulu ndi mwayi ntchito adzalola kuti mosavuta kuyenda zosiyanasiyana alipo ndi molondola ntchito chigamulo pa ntchito zawo.

Mitundu ya pulasitala ndi zizindikiro zawo

Zokongoletsa makoma angagwiritsidwe ntchito kunja kapena m'nyumba, ndi lagawidwa zitatu zikuluzikulu:

• muyezo, monga chitetezo ku malo Link (akunja khoma) kapena kukonza zolakwa zoonekeratu, kuphatikizapo mayikidwe, kusindikiza ndi slits a ngalande mafuta ndi pokonzekera kutsirizitsa liza zokutira kukongoletsa zambiri woonda wosanjikiza;
• Zoteteza ntchito insulator ntchito kapena nsalu yotchinga, mwachitsanzo, kuchepetsa phokoso, kutentha kusunga kapena kuteteza malowedwe cheza;
• kukongoletsa ntchito pa ❖ kuyanika kuwamaliza (wakuda, mwala, Venetian, graphite).

Mtundu uliwonse amakhala ndi zikuchokera yeniyeni, yokonza chimene chimafuna enieni chiwerengero khoma pulasitala njira.

ndi matope chiyani

Kuti akonze njira malinga pulasitala, kuipa pazikhalanso astringent mchitidwe (simenti, laimu kapena gypsum), aggregates, kawirikawiri mchenga ndi madzi.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa binder chigawo chimodzi, ali:

• othina, ngati mulibe ming'alu, koma mphamvu osauka;
• mafuta akhoza kutha ndi kuotcha.

zosakaniza Taphunzira ndi mosavuta Wopanda ndi trowel ndi, mafuta mwake, kutsatira thereto. Cholinga cha womanga iliyonse - kukonzekera njira malinga pulasitala, amene kufanana adzakhala mulingo woyenera.

Komanso, njira mosamala anawonjezera kuti softener yomalizidwa kuti atsogolere ntchito ndi kusakaniza. Chimake yosavuta ochiritsira madzi sopo kapena ufa kusamba, koma pali wapadera mafakitale zina.

Chiwerengero cha malaya

Ntchito kawiri kawiri zimachitika mu zigawo zitatu, zomwe ndi kufanana aliyense payekha khoma pulasitala njira:

• choyamba (obryzg) wosanjikiza umagwiritsidwa osachepera 5 ndi osapitirira 9 mamilimita pa nadzaza monyanyira zonse mu maonekedwe ndi ofanana wowawasa kirimu;
• chachiwiri (pansi) - ndi pachimake wosanjikiza amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito kangapo ndipo ali osalimba mtanda;
• chachitatu (mapeto odula) umagwiritsidwa wosanjikiza zosaposa 4 mm, chofunika kunyowetsa pamwamba pa kugwirizana ofanana obryzg.

Pamene pali njira pokonza mpanda pulasitala, kutalika osiyanasiyana kuchuluka kwa binder, kawirikawiri simenti. Mu wosanjikiza choyamba kwenikweni, wachiwiri chiwerengero ukuwonjezeka ndipo pazipita wachitatu.

Mitundu zosakaniza

Pamene liza makoma ntchito mitundu yambiri yaikulu ya nyimbo. Lero ali makamaka ntchito zosakaniza zitatu:

• simenti, ambiri ndi otchuka, yodziwika ndi lamphamvu kwambiri, koma nthawi yaitali solidification;
• dongo ntchito pa ntchito m'nyumba ndi panja pa matenda a kali matabwa;
• laimu, ndi yotchipa analogue simenti zosakaniza, nthawi zambiri ntchito gypsum, nthawi mofulumira a solidification ndi kukula mphamvu.

Komanso, zoopseza, embodiments ena Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito:

• gypsum - kwambiri kawirikawiri ntchito chifukwa mofulumira (mkati mphindi) yodziwitsa ndipo Amatseka theka la ola;
• Wothira - otlichayuschaesya imodzi ntchito zigawo zingapo osiyana;
• wapadera - ntchito ndi zina zina malingana cholinga ankafuna.

Imodzi mwa magawo zofunika kuti kudziwa mtundu wa njira anakhumba, ndi mlingo wa chinyezi. The zikuchokera anakhumba amusankha malingana microclimate lapansi. Mwa chilengedwe kwambiri ndipo anafotokoza kuti matope otchuka malinga pulasitala, kuipa kupanga amadziwika ngakhale wokonda, ndi kuwalola bwinobwino ntchito zonse kunja ndi mkati.

Kumvetsetsa, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane anapangira pulasitala njira makoma, amene tsopano ntchito pa ntchito iliyonse yomanga.

grout

Yodalirika, yosavuta konsekonse wamba njira. Kuchita izo, muyenera mosamalitsa kutsatira kutsogoza.

Ntchito limayamba ndi yokonza zigawo zonse ndipo koposa zonse, mchenga. Izo ziyenera kukhala youma, ndiye onetsetsani kuti asiyanitse. Ndiye bwinobwino kuchapidwa wa apezeka onse, makamaka dongo. Sand ofiira kapena lagolide ndi sizingathandize kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu, izo Sachita khalidwe la osakaniza komaliza ndi makhalidwe ake magwiridwe ntchito unscreened ndipo musakhale zopanda.

Pambuyo mosamala, mungathe kuyamba kukonzekera matope kwa kupaka pulasitala makoma. Anapangira zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa simenti ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito sitampu M400, 1 mbali simenti mokwanira 4 apanga mchenga. Ngati inu ntchito M500, chiwerengero cha mbali ndi kuchuluka kwa zisanu. Violation kumabweretsa imfa ya akumaliza khalidwe ndi sikuloledwa. The zosakaniza youma ali osokonezeka bwino chidebe okonzeka. Izi zikhoza kuchitika ntchito chosakanizira, anaikapo mu nyundo, fosholo kapena chosakanizira konkire.

Kusankha njira zimadalira buku amawathandiza. Ngati muli kudzimvera kuphunzira ntchito opondapo ndowa yomangira 15 kapena 20 malita, imene mukhoza kukonza njira yothetsera pulasitala makoma ndi manja ake, anapangira sizinasinthe. Ngati ntchito ikuchitika ndi anthu angapo, n'zomveka kuti ntchito yaikulu poto kapena simenti chosakanizira.

The osakaniza bwino madzi pang'onopang'ono anawonjezera, kubweretsa zikuchokera ku kirimu wandiweyani.

Features mtondo

Pofuna kuchepetsa nthawi zina m'malo ndi simenti slaked laimu, amene ali pafupifupi sikumangotikhudza khalidwe. Makamaka laimu ndi matope simenti kwa kupaka pulasitala makoma kufanana pafupifupi ofanana.

Mbali kanukanu ndi ntchito kokha slaked laimu. Ndi wosavuta kuti kunyumba popanda amacheza kwambiri.

Kuthi laimu anatsanulira ofunda, koma osati madzi otentha mu thanki yaikulu, ndipo nditamaliza anachita ndi osasankhidwa, ambiri kudzera cheesecloth. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito osati kale kuposa tsiku lina.

laimu osakaniza

Kukonzekera njira imafunanso kugwilizana zinayendera.

Choyamba, mwayeretsa ku apezeka laimu ndi oyambitsa. Chovomerezeka ntchito madzi kapena mchenga zedi yaing'ono. Kukhala zikuchokera yunifolomu, akhoza yemweyo amene anatipanga kusakaniza.

Kapangidwe chofunika analandira ngati gawo limodzi la thupi anaika atatu laimu mchenga chisanafike ndisanabadwe ndi wosadetsedwa. Pamodzi ndi madzi mchenga umayamba pang'onopang'ono. Limeneli mpaka yankho kukhala ngati nkhungu homogeneous misa. Kenako angagwiritsidwe ntchito maola 12.

Features Mtondo pa ntchito panja

Kawirikawiri osakaniza laimu ntchito kokha mu nyengo youma. Ngati nthawi wapakamwa processing okha, chiwerengero cha njira yothetsera pulasitala kunja makoma monga wochepa gypsum.

Zimenezi zimathandiza ake kuyamba anaumitsa kwa maminiti pang'ono, kwathunthu otverdevaya theka la ola.

Kuti njira, malita 3 osakaniza anamaliza laimu Chinawonjezeka 1 makilogalamu gypsum. Koma m'pofunika kuganizira nthawi solidification ndi buku la ntchito, mwinamwake izo anaumitsa asanakalambe.

njira Clay

Ntchito dongo akadali zachilendo m'nyumba matabwa. Kukonzekera amphamvu matope malinga pulasitala, kuipa pazikhalanso simenti, laimu kapena gypsum.

Zimafunika aluminiyamu, makamaka mafuta amene akhathamiritsa kwa maola angapo. osakaniza Nkofunika nthawi zonse kuwonjezera madzi ndi kusonkhezera mpaka kupeza osalimba.

Chophweka njira pokonzekera tichipeza mu kuwonjezera anasefa mchenga mu chiwerengero cha wina ndi atatu. Koma si cholimba kwambiri. Izi uphungu powonjezera zigawo izi mbali 1/5 simenti. Simenti choyamba ichi wosakaniza ndi dongo, ndiye kumanga zinthu, ndiyeno mchenga.

Nthawi zina simenti ndi m'malo ndi laimu, koma ndi kuwonjezeka lamulo mu gawo mpaka 1/2. Mukhozanso kuwonjezera gypsum, koma osapitirira 1/4.

kusakaniza chiŵerengero

Chiwerengero cha zigawo zosiyana mu njira chifukwa nthawi amasiyana, malingana ndi mtundu ntchito ndi wosanjikiza. magawanidwe Chitsanzo kuperekedwa ku gome pansipa.

yankho	Kusakaniza chiŵerengero (mbali)
	choyamba	chachiwiri	chachitatu
simenti - mchenga	1 - 3	1 - 0.2 - 3	1 - 2
laimu - mchenga	1 - 3	1 - 3	1 - 2
laimu - mchenga	1 - 4	1 - 4	-
laimu - dongo - mchenga	0.2 - 1 - 3	0.2 - 1 - 5	0.2 - 1 - 3
laimu - pulasitala - mchenga	1 - 1 - 2	1 - 0.5 - 2	1 - 1 - 5
dongo - pulasitala - mchenga	1 - 0.2 - 3	1 - 0.2 - 3	-

kufanana awa si nthawi zonse ndipo zikhoza kusintha pa nkhani iliyonse payekha.

Latha osakaniza youma

Masiku ano, pafupifupi onse opanga kupereka osiyanasiyana okonzeka zopangidwa mix youma. Ndiko chofunika kwambiri musanayambe kugwira ntchito - ndi kutenga zofunika kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi yomalizidwa matope youma, ndiye kusakaniza zonse bwinobwino, kawirikawiri kawiri. osakaniza ndi wokonzeka ntchito. Monga ulamuliro, nthawi zonse pang'ono okwera mtengo kusiyana ndi mtengo wa zigawo ukubwera ngati anagula payokha.

awo mwayi waukulu ndi yonena za kufunika kusakaniza zigawo zosiyanasiyana mu kufanana lamanja. Komanso, kugulitsa zipangizo zambiri opangidwa lalikulu zedi, omwe si nthawi zonse yabwino. Mwachitsanzo, safuna tinganene kuti tikhale simenti 25 makilogalamu thumba, ngati m'pofunika pafupi ndi dzenje yaing'ono pakhoma. Choncho, pamene pang'ono ntchito wokonzeka mix youma ndi zina zabwino.

Kugwira ntchito ndi pulasitala

Bwino osankhidwa kufanana kwa pulasitala njira mkati khoma kapena kunja ndi imodzi mwa mfundo zikuluzikulu kukonza chilichonse. Koma ngakhale chiŵerengero abwino zikanakhala zopanda ntchito ngati kupaka pulasitala ikuchitika kuphwanya malamulo kutsatira pamwamba. Choncho m'pofunika kulabadira magawo chilichonse. Only mu nkhani iyi tingayembekezere zotsatira zabwino.

Njira, makulidwe ndipo chiwerengero cha zigawo ali ndi tanthauzo lofanana ngati zikuchokera. Cholakwika angakhale ndi zotsatira zosasangalatsa kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito chida chapadera anapangidwa, ndi lamulo nthawi imeneyi anapereka kwa mtundu uliwonse wa kusakaniza.

Ndi chokuchitikirani osachepera ntchito imeneyi, tiyenera kulengeza kuvomerezedwa nambala ya mayesero amayendera ziwembu yaing'ono, kuwunika mphamvu zawo.

Zida ndi kulunjika wa pamalo munthu

Ngati ntchito ikuchitika ndi manja anu, muyenera zipangizo zina yomangira:

• zambiri;
• trowel;
• yofanana;
• spatulas zamitundu yosiyanasiyana;
• chingwe;
• grater kwa grouting.

Kugwiritsa wosanjikiza yoyamba ndi yachiwiri imagwiridwa ndi trowel ndi wachitatu - spatula. Kawirikawiri, wosanjikiza woyamba anakaika pa mauna akuthandiza pa zolimba. Pamene ntchito topcoat gypsum osakaniza ntchito.

Kali ndi kusiyana lalikulu ndi kukonzedwa ntchito ankayatsa yapadera yomanga magawowa ndondomeko ya ntchito ndi aligning a pulasitala.