Pamene mu 1983 ku United States ayamba MLRS MLRS, lomwe makhalidwe ake anali wofanana ndi Soviet "mphepo yamkuntho" dongosolo ntchito mu 1975, mayiko NATO anaganiza kuti anam'pezanso Soviet Union pa machitidwe a salvo moto. Komabe, iwo anali anadabwa. Patatha zaka zinayi, mu 1987, anatengera zotakasika zida zankhondo Regiment ya Soviet Army kulowa unsembe "Smerch".
Mbiri ya chilengedwe
Ntchito kukhala dongosolo latsopano roketi asanafike, kuwonjezera pa ntchito mwambo chiwonongeko cha zida, zida, anthu oti, airfields ndi ndodo, kukhala ndi kuwonongedwa kwa mizinga mwatsatanetsatane. Chifukwa chaichi kunali koyenera kuti ikhale yolondola ndi mfuti osiyanasiyana. Pa chitukuko cha dongosolo chotero izo zinafika ku Tula Design Bureau of State Research ndi Yopanga ogwira "Fusion" omwe anakonzedwa launchers ambiri roketi Russia. General mlengi anali Alexander Nikitivich Ganichev, ndi pambuyo pa imfa yake - Denezhkin Gennadiy Alekseevich.
Mapangidwe ndi maonekedwe
Pa chiyambi cha ntchito opanga akukumana ndi vuto kwambiri. Onse chida launchers Russia ndi dziko, kuyambira ndi lodziwika bwino "Katyusha", ndi kuwonjezeka mu mfuti osiyanasiyana kutaya mwayi yaikulu - ananyoza polasa sanali, zinakhudza lalikulu kufalitsa maroketi. Kugonjetsa drawback ichi, ndege yoyamba kukonza anali ntchito mu dziko la zipolopolo anati mamvekedwe ndi yaw. Pogwiritsa ntchito yapadera dongosolo kulamulira kugunda molondola anali kukwaniritsa awiri, ndi olondola - katatu kuposa kachitidwe ofanana yachilendo ya salvo moto. Komanso, mu projectile pa ntchito bwino olimba-boosters. zimenezi zimasonyeza kuti kuika "Twister" - chida mlingo wachibadidwe latsopano limene chosasimbika osiyanasiyana ndi kupha mphamvu ya moto, kuwonongedwa kwa magalimoto oti muli nazo zida ndiponso anthu mdani angathe.
gawo la zipolopolo
RZSO "Twister" - unsembe wa ananyoza moto. Iwo ali Launch kalozera machubu 12, motero, mu zida zikuphatikizapo 12 losiyanasiyana mivi. Tiyeni tione ena mwa iwo. 9M55K chipolopolo ali mutu gawo ndi zinthu kugawikana. Zokha kuchita luso zofewa-chikopa ndiponso anthu kumidzi lotseguka. The projectile limapangidwa 9M55K1 homing submunitions. Zokha kuwononga pamwamba pa magalimoto oti muli nazo zida ndi akasinja. Mivi 9M55K3 ndi K4 ntchito odana ndi ogwira ndi odana ndi migodi motero. Mutu gawo 646 yatenganso 9M55K5 submunitions ndi mphako-kugawikana lethality. Nkhonya 120 mamilimita homogeneous zida ndi zothandiza kwambiri ndi oyenda chimene chimatichititsa mu BMP ndi APCs. Chida 9M55F zizindikiro detachable yapamwamba-zachiwawa kugawikana warhead. Iye udzaononga anthu oti, malo aya, likulu, nkhondo, ndi zipangizo mafakitale. The projectile kwambiri zosokoneza kuti "Twister" ndi 9M55S okonzeka thermobaric warhead (otchedwa mabomba mafuta mpweya, kapena zingalowe bomba). Zida mayesero boma, lomwe ndiyo dzuwa la ntchito yake, anawagawira.
Panopa, zochokera munitions pamwamba anayamba mivi latsopano ndi kuchuluka yowotcha osiyanasiyana makilomita 90. Tikumbukenso warhead wina sagwirizana nazo. Ndi chida ndi ndege opanda, zomwe cholinga liyang'anire ndi mdani reconnaissance kwa theka la ola, ndipo ali ndi digiri yapamwamba chiyamiko invulnerability kuti kukula kwake yaing'ono.
Zovuta MRL
Ananyoza unsembe "Smerch" imakhala nkhondowo galimoto 9A52, analengedwa pa maziko a zinayi chitsulo chogwira matayala galimotoyo ndi mkulu mtanda MAZ 543 galimoto. Iwo anasonkhana phukusi la 12 akutsogolera mawonekedwe tubular, pali wailesi zida kulankhulana, komanso zida likupezeka dongosolo moto kulamulira. transportnozaryazhayuschaya makina ntchito potsegula Launcher, ali 9T234 index, komanso pa MAZ-543. The katundu Baibulo la MLRS amapereka, pa pempho, m'malo galimoto "Tatra-816." Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mu maiko ena monga India, pali utumiki bwino anayamba a kampani ino. Kuonetsetsa imayenera zoikamo nkhondowo ntchito ntchito: zovuta IQ (Makinawa moto kulamulira) 9S729M1 "Ponyani-1" KamAZ-43114 ( «Tatra-T815"); Magalimoto kwa woyeza (1T12-2M index, GAZ-66); Nyengo radiopelengatsionny zovuta 1B44 "Kumwetulira" ( "Ural-43203").
Mayiko ndi manja pa RZSO
Ndi nthawi Soviet Union linagwa mu mikono ya regiments atatu roketi zida zankhondo anali unsembe "Smerch". 336 Regiment pambuyo 1991 anakhalabe mu Belarus, 337 - mu Russia, ndi 371 - mu Ukraine. Kuwonjezera mayiko tatchulawa, unsembe akutumikira ku Azerbaijan, Algeria, Venezuela, Georgia, India, Kuwait, UAE, Peru ndi Turkmenistan. Mbali ya akasinja m'mayiko amenewa aikidwa mwachindunji Rosoboronexport, ndi ena anagulitsa ku nkhokwe ya Soviet Ukraine ndi Belarus. China umabala RZSO "Smerch" ndi chiphatso pa galimotoyo ake.
zochitika zingamuthandize
Mu Russia lero akukulira makina atsopano chida. chithunzi A mmodzi wa iwo ukufanizidwa kwa tcheru chanu. Izi unsembe wa "Kama" mu latsopano galimotoyo KAMAZ-6350 ndi njanji 6 m'malo 12, adayamba anasonyeza pa Azamlengalenga amasonyeza "MAKS-2007". RZSO komanso akupitiriza kukhala mbadwo watsopano wa "mphepo yamkuntho", umene posachedwapa apembedzere ntchito nkhondowo mu Russian Army ndi asilikali a mayiko ena.