"Smerch" (MRL): specifications ndi zithunzi za machitidwe zotakasika wa salvo moto

Pambuyo wowopsa "Katyusha" mu Mphamvu zathu onyamula nthawi zonse anasamala mwapadera machitidwe zotakasika wa salvo moto. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa: ali zimakhalanso zotsika mtengo, zosavuta kupanga, koma iwo ali mafoni kwambiri, kuonetsetsa kugonjetsedwa kwa anthu oti ndi chuma chuma cha mdani pafupifupi kulikonse, paliponse pamene anali kumenyana.

Mmodzi wa mamembala zothandiza kwambiri banja limeneli linali dongosolo la "Smerch". MLRS nthawi ino tanthauzo lake watsimikizira kukhala zothandiza kwambiri ndi chida odalirika.

Pakuti kachitidwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito?

"Mphepo yamkuntho" udaikidwa kuti thupilo la asilikali mdani ndi katundu oti muli nazo zida magalimoto. Pamene malo lamulo ndi mfundo zolankhulirana, komanso chosonyeza anaika kungawonongedwe mwa dongosolo minefields pa mtunda wa 70 Km.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Mu 1961 anatenga Mphamvu ya USSR onyamula anapangidwa MLRS M-21, makhalidwe amene sanakhutire kwathunthu ndi asilikali Soviet. N'chifukwa chake pa mapeto a 1970 mu SSPE "aloyi" m'njira othamanga kunachitika kafukufuku wa sayansi umalimbana kupanga dongosolo la zotakasika ananyoza-moto, amene adzapereka kwambiri wangwiro imfa zolinga ndi akuphunzitsa projectiles wamphamvu mabomba mkulu.

Chifukwa, m'ma 1980 polojekiti "mphepo yamkuntho" anatumizidwa ku ntchito boma Katswiri. MRL Izi anapereka projectile yoperekera kwa mtunda wa 70 Km. Kumbukirani kuti malamulo a asilikali ndiye anapereka galimotoyo, kupereka machenjerero pansi pa liwiro la 70 Km / h (mkulu magalimoto).

Start kupanga

Latsopano roketi Launcher "Smerch" zosoŵa zonse mwachidule, ali chiyembekezo chachikulu chifukwa cheapness ake kupanga, koma chifukwa kale mu 1985 linaperekedwa lamulo kuyamba ntchito makina siriyo kupanga. Kale mu 1987, ntchito kwathunthu watha, ndipo woyamba "mphepo yamkuntho" anayamba mayesero kuwomberana ndi mfuti.

Kumayambiriro a chaka chotsatiracho, MLRS (amaganizira kuwonongedwa kwa ena kuperewera ndi ndemanga) potsiriza akulimbikitsidwa mukutengera dziko.

Features Kiyi Wa zinachitika pa

System mukutengera mpirawo zipolopolo wa 200 mm likungosonyeza, ogwira osiyanasiyana pamene kupondereza mdani 20/70 Km. The mwayi wa mkulu-zachiwawa zipolopolo mtundu ndi zochita zawo sikokwanira zimene chivomereza nkhondowo makhalidwe kale anatengedwa mu utumiki "akusowekapo".

Choncho, osiyanasiyana kugonjetsedwa zalegshey (!) Mdani oyenda mamita oposa 1300 kuchokera pamene panayambira cha kuphulika mlandu. Single inamva galimotoyo ankanyamula zipolopolo 25 35.

Zochita za dongosolo anatengedwa ndi manja

Ngakhale zili pamwambapa makhalidwe ntchito, akatswiri ankhondo sanali akakwaniritsa ndi mphamvu woopsa wa projectiles. Revised kuyatsa yomaliza MRL "mphepo yamkuntho" imene makhalidwe ntchito apatsidwa pansipa.

Choncho, likungosonyeza anaukitsidwa kwa 300 mamilimita chipolopolo kulemera kuchuluka kwa makilogalamu zina 815.. Lamulira yokha zachiwawa ali misa kuposa makilogalamu 250. The yowotcha osiyanasiyana akanali yemweyo (pazipita - 90 km). nthawi iyi okonza ndi omwe apereka osati inamva (chinthu 123), komanso galimotoyo matayala, zochokera MAZ-543A.

Tikumbukenso kuti MLRS 9K58 "Smerch" - izi ndi zovuta, womwenso zigawo zingapo.

The Gawo

• 9A52-2 galimotoyo zochokera MAZ-543A.
• Machine kwa kayendetsedwe ndi tsegula 9T234-2.
• Zigoba zake.
• Makinawa moto ulamuliro dongosolo ndi malangizo a "Vivarium".
• Ndalama maphunziro ndi maphunziro ntchito zovuta.
• Car anapereka maphunziro topographic m'madera 1T12-2M.
• 1B44 malangizo kupeza dongosolo.
• Zipangizo yokonza ndi kusamalira mbali zofunika 9F381.

kukodzedwa TTX

Monga tanena ndi galimotoyo 9A52-2 Kulengedwa zochokera MAZ-543A amene gudumu chilinganizo - 8x8. Monga ndalama zida zankhondo, izo wapangidwa ndi atsogoleri sikisitini, swivel limagwirira ndi kukhudza ndi kukonza zipangizo, komanso electromechanical ndi hayidiroliki ofunika chipangizo.

Zimagwirira aiming ndi kutembenukira akhoza kutumiza projectiles pa makona a madigiri 5-55. malangizo Cham'mbali - mu osiyanasiyana madigiri 30 kuti mbali iliyonse. Izi zotakasika dongosolo "Smerch" mwachuluka mosiyana ndi "mphepo yamkuntho" imene kuchepetsa malangizo yopingasa - yemweyo madigiri 30 (madigiri 15 pambali). Kuti khwekhwe anali wolimba pa kuwomba, mu gawo kumbuyo ali awiri hayidiroliki abutment lotengeka udindo koyamba pamanja.

Ubwino wa zovuta ndi mfundo imene mivi akhoza kusamutsidwa mwachindunji njanji lapansi. Popeza kuti galimotoyo za makina ali okonzeka ndi zipangizo usiku masomphenya ndi wailesi apamwamba, ngakhale usiku mayendedwe sikukutanthauza mavuto apadera.

Information pa njanji ndi

Sami atsogoleri wopangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a mipope wandiweyani mipanda, imene makoma ndi poyambira helical, amene pa nthawi ya mankhwala amakhulupirirabe anawomberedwa pini zotakasika mlandu. pini Ichi ndi analogi wa mfuti mu makungwa a manja yaing'ono mogwirizana waika vekitala projectile.

zida zonse njanji ali dwi pa mchikuta mawonekedwe anayi. Ndi semiaxes awiri, amene chikugwirizana ndi makina pamwamba, m'munsi izi zikhoza kukhala anachititsa kulasa molondola mwa njira makina.

Pa anakonzeratu mlandu njira umachitika mwa stabilizer Chikoka-pansi (monga kulira kwa RPG). launchers angapo roketi "Smerch" nthawi ina chimakwirira yekha mahekitala ghakujumpha 67!

Nthawi zambiri, yowotcha imachitika pa udindo chatsekedwa. Mwina ulamuliro moto mwachindunji ku zashuga ndi. Mawerengedwe a zovuta kumaphatikizapo anthu anayi yamtendere ndi asanu - mu nkhondo. BM yoikidwiratu mkulu, ndi gunner ndi woyendetsa. Chiwerengero cha amuna kutumikira chida zimasiyanasiyana.

A pang'ono za projectiles

Musaganize kuti "Smerch" projectiles ndi banal mkulu woyang'anira zachiwawa. Tsopano ntchito ndi oposa khumi ndi awiri a mtundu wawo, ndipo zonse akupangidwa ingapezeke.

The zambiri ntchito projectile ochiritsira zachiwawa 9M55F. Mutu gawo - lonse kulemera kwa zachiwawa si upambana makilogalamu 100. Ntchito zochizira chitetezo za- nkhondo zalegshey oyenda ndi chiwonongeko cha magalimoto kuwala oti muli nazo zida pa kuguba.

Makamaka kuwonongedwa kwa Adani 9M55K chitsanzo anayamba kupanga. Pa mutu uliwonse projectile 72 uli ndi zinthu kulekanitsa (makilogalamu 2 aliyense), ndipo submunitions zachiwawa. Only 10-12 milandu zimenezi zingakhale zokwanira kwathunthu kuwononga muyezo oyenda kampani.

M'malo mwake, makamaka nkhondowo magalimoto oti muli nazo zida (kuphatikizapo akasinja lolemera) anayamba kupanga 9M55K1 chipolopolo. Mutu gawo ndi zipolopolo asanu ndi zodziwikiratu aiming. Ngati dongosolo nkhondowo "Smerch" ntchito monga "mlenje ya akasinja," pakuti chiwonongeko chotheratu cha kampani thanki (!) Ndithu limodzi nthawi ananyoza magalimoto anayi okha.

njira zina

Mbali onsewo za makina mu chipangizo ake zovuta kwambiri. kamangidwe kake chikuphatikizapo akugwedeza mpando, kugwedezeka, zochotsa ndi akulipira asilikali, komanso Buku limagwirira malangizo ogwirira ntchito malangizo woyendetsa. Zofunika lanu njira (kuphatikizapo posokoneza hayidiroliki), limene molondola kumadalira. Malipilo limagwirira zikuphatikizapo awiri mipiringidzo torsion ndi fastenings.

Nthawi zambiri, MLRS "Smerch" lomwe lili chithunzi m'nkhani tikamva moto ananyoza zoopsa zimamuchulukira, kotero kuti boma la asilikali compensatory kumadalira osati kokha molondola, komanso chitetezo kwa mawerengedwe lonse.

Mu mode zachilendo kwa aiming kalozera ntchito pa chandamale opangira magetsi pagalimoto. Ngati limagwirira ukulephera kapena wolemala, pali galimoto Buku. Pamene kusuntha mbali zonse onsewo zotseka ndi kutseka atilakwira. Komanso, woyendetsa ankalamulira cheke valavu rocker kwambiri relieves zovuta lonse pamene kuwombera.

Kapangidwe ka unit akuonadi imakhala chotsimikiziridwa ndi bwino kutsimikiziridwa pamaso D726-45. Njingayo kuyeza chipangizo ndi ochiritsira Cannon malembedwe aantchito panorama PG-1m.

Amene amathandiza zovuta "Twister"?

• Full mawerengedwe chitetezo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kuchititsa onse nkhondowo ndi maphunziro kuwombera.
• Kuthekera launchers limodzi ndi angapo roketi. Ngati mwachita salvo kugunda, ndiye zipolopolo onse amapita masekondi 38. Izi zotakasika "Smerch" zida zankhondo ndi osiyana ndi Akhristu ake ena omwe amafunika nthawi zambiri kuwombera.
• Ngati pali ngozi kuwerengetsa ndi Sniper kuwombera kapena akumusokoneza mdani moto, mwayi ndi kulamulira moto m'nyumba ya, yomwe ili pa mtunda wa mamita 60 kuchokera makina.
• Anthu oposa theka la zigawo ulamuliro ndi lingafanane. Ngakhale mlandu wa cholakwa cha zofunika akhoza anachititsa kuti cholinga ndi kuwombera pamanja.

mwayi wina

Popeza zovuta ndi Analeredwa ndi posachedwapa (mu 1987), pa nthawi ino, kuchotsa ake kuchokera kupanga si anakonza. Komanso, lero, anayamba mapulogalamu angapo kwa wamakono zida alipo mu "mphepo yamkuntho".

Choncho, mu chimango cha pulogalamu imeneyi inali yovuta dongosolo "Vivarium" zodziwikiratu moto kulamulira, ngakhale kuti unakhazikitsidwa "Skit" kufanana ntchito MLRS "Uragan".

Anatinso okonza athu adzipangira chisamaliro cha machitidwe angwiro a machitidwe onse mu zikhalidwe nyengo kuti akhoza anakumana ku dera lonse la Soviet Union. Choncho, ananyoza moto dongosolo "Twister" angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kutentha kwa -50 kuti +45 madigiri Celsius.

Komanso lero, nkhondowo ntchito zovuta akhoza kuona cholinga, ngakhale pakalibe pasadakhale wosindikiza magwero ake kapena chifukwa gunner lapansi. chakuti (zoletsedwa zonse ndi pulogalamu ya kukulitsa kwa 2020) kusinthidwa zida "mphepo yamkuntho" amagwira ntchito bwino ndi malangizo a magalimoto opanda mlengalenga, zimene tsopano naonso anatengedwa mu utumiki wa Mphamvu zathu onyamula.

N'chimodzimodzinso ndi ena ACS malangizo, amene ali kale mu utumiki kapena pansi chitukuko. Mwachitsanzo, mu zikhalidwe nkhondowo, ntchito angagwiritse ntchito malangizo machitidwe "mphepo yamkuntho" kapena "Grad". Nthawi zambiri, "mphepo yamkuntho" - MRL modabwitsa "pulasitiki" ndipo zimenezi ndi kupingasa zosaneneka za mwayi wa ntchito.

Dongosolo la ntchito nkhondowo

Monga zina zonse, ntchito dongosolo ndi zotakasika ananyoza moto kwathunthu wamng'ono kwa chakudya yeniyeni ya hayala lapansi.

Choyamba, galimoto lamulo MLRS brigade item ayenera kulandiridwa zokhudza mdani, komanso malo a dislocation ake. Pamaziko a zambiri zimapangitsa mawerengedwe a malangizo a amadza. Sankhani mtundu wa zipolopolo, osalimba a moto, komanso kusintha kwake malinga pansi. Pambuyo pake, zinthu zonse wadutsa ku positi lamulo la magawano, omwe anasankhidwa kuti njira ya ntchito kake.

Pambuyo lamulo limeneli dongosolo akuphunzira anapezazo ndi kufotokoza ndi zipangizo zimene zilipo. Popeza kuti "mphepo yamkuntho" - dongosolo ndege, chifukwa ntchito zake amafuna mwachilungamo poyera ndi airy malo, monga kwambiri amenewa kapena lamapiri mtunda, Launch projectiles sizingakhale bwino kuti ntchito ya.

Information ndiye kuwapereka kwa atsogoleri a mayunitsi amene ali ndi udindo kuukira malo mdani.

Deta pogonana ndi kukonzedwa mu kompyuta kumabweretsa "Smerch" mabatire (magalimoto asanu). Chilichonse chimachitika basi, chifukwa asilikali mobwerezabwereza tinapeza kuti njira imeneyi kwambiri kumawonjezera dzuwa la moto. Komanso, maulendo kotero kuchepetsa nthawi chofunika kubweretsa zovuta mu malo mfuti.

Mwamsanga zitachitika izo, mayunitsi kuyembekezera kuti atiuze kutsegula moto pa malo mdani.

Ndicho chimene "mphepo yamkuntho". MLRS izi watsimikizira kukhala n'zosadabwitsa ogwira ndi odalirika chida, choncho ukuyimira lero mu utumiki m'mayiko ambiri mu dziko. Akweza options ake lero amakhala akupezeka asilikali athu.