Kugulitsa ndi tsogolo la dziko!

Lingaliro la "kugwiritsira ntchito" lingathe kukhala chifukwa cha magulu onse a teknoloji omwe amagwira ntchito pamsewu wamagalimoto kapena zowonongeka pamsewu pa njanji. Zipangizo za sitima zapamtunda za ku Russia zimaphatikizapo magalimoto osiyanasiyana, magalimoto. Zimagawidwa kukhala cholinga chapadera, sitimayi ndi sitima zamtundu ndi mtundu wa kayendedwe.

Mndandanda wotsatira wa PS ungathenso kutchulidwa:

• Kuthamangitsidwa: malo osungirako magetsi (magalimoto a magetsi, magalimoto, magalimoto a dizilo).
• Osadzidziletsa okha: ngolo (mapulatifomu, galimoto magalimoto, magalimoto a tirigu, zitsime, etc.).
• Magalimoto-galimoto: metro, sitima zamagetsi, magalimoto.
• Kupangidwe kwapadera. Kuyenda: magalimoto pa mfuti yokhayokha, trolley.

Anthu opanga zogulitsira zomwe akuganiziridwa ndi makampani opanga makina a m'dziko ndi kunja, mafakitale ogulitsa magalimoto komanso magalimoto a metallurgical.

Magalimoto oyambirira ku Russia anayamba kupangidwa pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800. Monga nthambi ya mafakitale yodziimira, nyumba yamagalimoto imayikidwa pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800 za m'ma 1800. Pa nthawiyo, sitima yapamwamba yotchedwa Moscow-St Petersburg inayamba, ndipo inali yomanga magalimoto pamsewuwu ku Leningrad komwe Alexander Plant anayamba kupanga.

Chombo chachikulu cha sitimayo cha nthawi imeneyo chinali chakuti zida zowonjezera zinkanyamula anthu. Monga lamulo, ngolo zinamangidwira kwa anthu oyendayenda akupita kumudzi wakumidzi. Iwo analibe zipinda, makapu komanso ngakhale mipando, mipando yokha.

Magalimoto oyambirira anali biaxial, chimango ndi thupi zinali zopangidwa ndi matabwa. Kugwirizana kwawo kunamangirira. Zogulitsa zogulitsa anthu a nthawi imeneyo zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi zamakono.

Chotsatira chotsatira cha chitukuko cha makampani oyendetsa sitimayo chinali kusintha kwa Russia kuchoka kudziko kupita ku chikhalidwe chadziko kudzera mu kusintha kwa 1861. Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1863, anayamba kupanga ngolo pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito yomanga biaxial.

Mu 1859, ku chomera cha Alexandrovsky chinawoneka ngati galimoto yamakono ya gondola - ngolo yotseguka, ngolo yowonjezera ndi ngolo ya mabomba.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa chosowa kusuntha katundu wowonongeka (chakudya, makamaka), paki ya isothermal inaonekera.

Mu 1875, bungwe linaperekedwa ndi a Ministry of Railways (MPS), omwe amatanthawuza kubweretsa ngolo zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati "kukula kwake" (6400 * 2743 millimeter). Izi zinkayankhidwa ndi kukula kwa zida zankhondo ndi kutumiza anthu ambiri.

Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la m'ma 90. Kuwonjezereka kwa mafakitale kunalikuwonjezeka, komwe kunapangitsa kuti ntchito yomanga njanji iwonjezeke, kugulanso kunapezanso zatsopano. Kufunika kwa ngolo zonyamula katundu wambiri kunali kukula. Kuwonjezeka kotereku kunawonjezeka nthawi zina.

Mu 1880, pafupi ndi mudzi wa Bolshie Mytischi anayamba kumanga chinyumba cha Mytishchinsky.

Mu 1896 kumanga kwa Verkhnevolzhsky chomera kumanga ngolo anayamba.

Mu 1897 anabadwanso m'fakitale yomanga galimoto kuti apange makasitomala a cartridge, khitchini ndi zigawo.

Ndipo kotero m'madera osatsekedwa a dzikoli panali mafakitale okhala ndi cholinga chimodzi chokha - kupanga pulogalamu yokwanira yopindulitsa zosowa za dziko.

Pakalipano, chiwerengero cha magalimoto ndi malo osungirako magalimoto angatchedwe kuti ndi okwanira kudziko, koma chidziwitso cha izi chiyenera kuganiziridwa bwino. Chinthu chimodzi chimakondweretsa kwambiri: kumanga zida zotere kuyambira pomwe zinayambika sizinasokonezedwe kwa chaka.