Maphunziro a mbiri-mbiri ku Russia: kufotokozera, njira, mbali ndi ndemanga

Ambiri a ife timaganiza kuti sitima zam'njira ziwiri zakhala zikuchitika posachedwa, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira ya Moscow-Adler. Komabe, mbiri yawo m'dziko lathu yakhala zaka zoposa theka ndi theka. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zigawo zazikulu za njira zosinthidwa izi.

Galimoto yam'nyumba iwiri: nthawi zofunikira

Galimoto iwiri, yamanyumba iwiri ndi yapamwamba ya galimoto yonyamula galimoto yowonongeka. Pali magawo awiri a salons (chimodzi pamwambapa). Zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri ndi TGV Duplex, Shinkansen E4, Shinkansen E1.

Malingana ndi kamangidwe kake, galimoto yoteroyo ikhoza kukhala ndi anthu 40-70% okwera. Poganizira kuti pofika pamtunda, ma tunnel, magetsi, mbali zamtunduwu, ndi makilomita angapo, sitima yapamtunda imakhala yofunika, opanga magalimoto otere amatha kupita kumayendedwe amtundu uliwonse: pulasitiki yoyamba imachepetsedwa kwambiri pakati pa magalimoto, kuchepetsa kutalika kwa ma saloni onse. M'malo oyendayenda aŵiri-decker sitima ya m'munsi imakwaniritsa cholinga, chifukwa kutalika kwake kuli kochepa, ndipo chapamwamba chimakhala chokwanira, chosasangalatsa, kawirikawiri chokhala ndi phokoso. M'munsimu muli kufotokozera mwachidule.

Sitima zapamwamba za ku Russia

Kodi pali sitima zam'mbali ziwiri ku Russia? RZD imapereka okwera magalimoto anayi magalimoto awa:

• Mphindi (64 mmalo mwa mipando 36);
• SV (30 mmalo mwa 18);
• Ogwira ntchito (50 mmalo mwa mipando 18-24);
• Malo ogulitsa (44-48 malo okacheza ku malo odyera).

Maphunziro a mbiri-mbiri ku Russia ali ndi mndandanda wa zinthu:

• Kutentha kwa nyengo - mpweya ndi kutentha;
• Kupita kwa galimoto yopanda mphamvu komanso yotetezeka;
• Kuika magetsi kuyatsa magetsi;
• Zithunzi zitatu, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosasamala za malo ogona;
• Masitepe okhala ndi anti-slip coating ndi othandizira zothandizira;
• Ngolozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magetsi a magetsi;
• Guluso ya GLONASS yoyendetsa kayendedwe ka satana mu galimoto;
• Ndondomeko yotetezedwa yapamwamba - mavidiyo, kuyang'aniridwa komanso kutetezedwa.

Gwiritsani ntchito galimoto yamanyumba iwiri

Maphunziro awiri a ku Russia (St. Petersburg, Moscow, Samara ndi madera ena) ali ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:

• Malo oyenera kuti apumule ndi kugona, nyali, tebulo, galasi;
• Masitepe okweza pamwamba;
• Masamu a katundu waung'ono;
• Kukhala ndi mwayi wopezeka m'chipinda chokha mothandizidwa ndi chinsinsi cha magnetic;
• Zitsulo ziwiri (100 W) zowonjezera mafoni, laptops ndi zamagetsi ena;
• Kuphimba mabedi onse mu SW ndi pamwamba mu chipinda;
• LCD munthu aliyense amawonetsera mafayikiro a media kwa aliyense wodutsa (CB), mutu wa makutu (coupe, CB).

Kuphatikiza apo, okwera ndege amapatsidwa ntchito zotsatirazi: kumwa ndi madzi otentha pamsewu wonse, zaukhondo ndi zaukhondo, kugulitsa zochitika, nthawi, teyi ndi zokometsera.

Maphunziro a mbiri-mbiri ku Russia: misewu

Kumalo onse a sitima zapamwamba a sitima za ku Russia zimatsimikizira kuti:

• Kutheka kwa mtengo wotsika mtengo wa tikiti chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito;
• Zowonongeka kwa chilengedwe chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zatsopano ndi mateknoloji popanga ngolo;
• Ndondomeko zoyendetsa magalimoto (zigawo ziwiri zazing'ono - mofulumira).

M'munsimu muli malangizo, kumene sitima zam'mbali ziwiri zimapita ku Russia.

Malingaliro abwino ochokera kwa okwera

Zinthu zabwino, zomwe zimachitika ndi okwera ndege omwe anayesera sitima zam'mbali ziwiri ku Russia:

• Kutonthoza, chitonthozo;
• Ngolo zamakono zamakono;
• Mtengo wokwera mtengo;
• Kuchepetsa nthawi ya kuyenda;
• Antchito achifundo ndi okoma mtima;
• Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwazitsulo zouma;
• Pezani chipangizo mu chipinda;
• WI-FI yamaufulu;
• Mtundu wapamwamba wa chakudya mu lesitilanti;
• Security;
• Chiyeretso;

• Kupezeka kwa malo a olumala;
• Zowonongeka ndi otsogolera ogona;
• Maroti mwachindunji mu chipinda;
• Ofufuza batani;
• Pamwamba pamwamba mulibe phokoso lamtundu uliwonse;
• Kukonza machitidwe;
• Zachilendo kwa woyenda ku Russia.

Zinthu zolakwika

Musabisile m'maso mwa anthu okwera ndi zovuta zachitukuko:

• Utumiki. Ngati oyang'anira awiri oyambirira adawerengedwa ndi galimoto yokhala ndi mipando 36, tsopano nambala yofanana ya antchito amaperekedwa kwa anthu 64.
• Kukhalapo kwa masitepe. Kuti ufike ku chipinda chachiwiri, muyenera kuthana ndi mapazi otsika kwambiri.
• Chipinda chakumtunda chakumtunda chawonongeka pamwamba pa khomo - katundu amatha kusungidwa mu makina okha.
• Zofunda. Mapepala a mbiri-mbiri ku Russia ali ndi mahema atatu okha - mmodzi mwa anthu 21 (m'malo mwa 18, monga m'chipinda choyimira).
• Kuwombera kwakukulu. Chifukwa cha zenizeni za sitima zapamwamba za ku Russia, pali njira yayikulu yowomba mwamphamvu pamsinkhu wachiwiri. Sizotheka kukhala pa masitepe paulendo.

Pakati pa zofooka za anthu okwera pansi pamakhala zidutswa zochepa, kusasinthika kwa nyengo, kusasangalatsa kwa magaleta, machitidwe osayendetsa bwino, zovuta za kugona, zosokoneza zenera (zochepa kwambiri), zosokoneza mu ntchito ya WI-FI, zotengera mtengo wamagetsi, zoperewera, zopanda pake Chakudya muyeso ya CB.

Mbiri ya magalimoto a mbiri-mbiri ku Russia

October 30, 2013 kuchokera ku Adler kupita ku Moscow anapanga makompyuta awiri a magaleta 15 a Tver Wagon Works. Zisanayambe, mu August, malo oyambirira a ku Russia omwe anagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu awiri awiri anatsegulidwa ku Mineralnye Vody. Koma zochitika zolembedwazi sizinayambe chiyambi cha mbiri ya zinyumba ziwiri mu dziko lathu - magaleta oyambirira amenewo anamangidwa kumbuyo mu 1864 pa chomera cha Kolomna. "Cuckoo" (monga sitima inatchulidwanso chifukwa cha kutchedwa "ku-ku", yomwe dalaivala adawonetsa kuyambira kwa kayendetsedwe ka sitimayo), inachoka pakati pa Peterhof ndi Oranienbaum, gawo la msewu m'midzi yambirimbiri.

Mu 1905, magalimoto awiri adakonzedwa m'galimoto ya galimoto ya Tver. Apanso adatumizidwa zaka 50 zokha pambuyo pake - magalimoto a GDR adayendetsedwa pakati pa Belgorod ndi Kharkov, Kovel ndi Lviv. Mu mafananidwe awo, Leningrad Carriage Works inapanga chitsanzo chapakhomo cha galimoto yamanyano iwiri m'ma 70. Pa chipinda choyamba panali zipinda zogona, ndi chipinda chachiwiri chinali alendo, malo ozungulira - panali malo okha okhala. Kumasulidwa kwawo kunali kochepa - ndi mitundu 16 okha. Iyi ndi nkhani ya mapangidwe awiri awiri omwe akusokonezedwa kuti ayambe tsamba latsopano masiku athu ano.

Mapepala apamtunda

Polankhula za zatsopano pa sitima zapanyumba, tisaiwale kuti sitima zoyambirira za ku Russia zakhala zikuyamba kuthawa:

• Sitimayi ya magetsi "Transexpress" yomwe ili ku Moscow - Kaluga. Mwiniwake ndi TransGroup AS, yomwe idapanga kayendetsedwe kawombola pa chomera cha Dimikhinsky pamtengo wa madola 2 miliyoni. Mu magalimoto aliwonse pali alangizi ndi alonda, ndiye chifukwa chake samatala, samamwa mowa ndi kusuta, musagulitse chilichonse ndipo musapemphe thandizo. Imodzi: magalimoto onse a gulu limodzi - lachitatu.
• Sitima yapamwamba ya "Grand Express" ikuyenda mumsewu wa Moscow - Petersburg. Zomwe akulembazo zikuwoneka kuti ndizovuta kwambiri ku Russia. Zina mwazinthu zake: Eco-zipinda zamoto, shower, WI-FI, media player, microclimate system, pulogalamu yowunikira, magetsi ndi maginito makina, makina oyendetsa pulogalamu, chitetezo.

• 4. Magetsi Opanga Severstalrelles, Moscow-Petersburg. Sitima yamagetsi yamtendere, yomwe ili ndi magalimoto a makalasi 1 ndi 2, magalimoto awiri-bar. Zomwe zikugwirizanazi zikugwirizana ndi zofunikira zonse za ku Ulaya kuti zikhale zotonthoza komanso zotetezeka, zili ndi dongosolo la kuchepetsa nyengo.

RZD ndi ogwira ntchito payekha

Kuwonekera kwa sitima zapadera sikungathetsere njira yokhayokha ya sitima zapamtunda za ku Russia. Amwini amangogwiritsa ntchito zokhazokha kapena kubwereka palimodzi. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, amalipira njira za sitimayi, kutumizira maulendo, malo ogulitsira katundu. Ponena za ulendo wodalirika wa nzika, operekera atsopano sanasinthe. Pamene pali chizoloŵezi chomwe RZD chimapereka malangizo opindulitsa kwambiri kwa amalonda apadera, koma otsogolera akuyembekeza kuti m'tsogolomu nyumba zosasintha zidzasintha njira zosadziwika. Posachedwapa, pa sitima zapamtunda za ku Russia, mukhoza kuona zambirimbiri - sitima zapadera, magalimoto awiri. Zoonadi, zolephera zingapezeke muzinthu zonse, koma kupita patsogolo kwa nyengo yamasiku amodzi mwa njira zakale kwambiri zoyendetsa m'dziko lathu sizingatheke koma kusangalala.