Kum'mero: dera kapangidwe

Kum'mero ndi akulu yopapatiza chubu. Ndi njira yomwe chakudya ikuyenda. Anthu esophageal kutalika dongosolo la masentimita 25. Kenako, ganizirani dipatimenti mwatsatanetsatane. Pezani kumene ya kum'mero anthu, limene zipangizo ntchitoyo. M'nkhaniyi tiphunzira za zigawo zikuluzikulu dipatimentiyi izi, komanso ena pathologies thupi wamba.

zambiri

Kum'mero ndi m'mimba munthu - ziwiri mondondozana GI. The chachiwiri n'chozama. Woyamba ili mu zone ya 6 khomo lachiberekero thoracic vertebrae mpaka 11. ndi kapangidwe wa kum'mero anthu chiyani? Amakhala ndi zigawo zitatu. dipatimenti zikuphatikizapo m'mimba, thoracic ndi khomo lachiberekero m'deralo. Chifukwa ndi losavuta kumva, pansipa chithunzi anthu kum'mero. Dipatimenti komanso pano sphincters - pamwamba ndi pansi. Iwo ndi mbali kuli nthambi ya kuonetsetsa unidirectional otaya chakudya ndi kapepala kakuti m'mimba. Sphincters kupewa malowedwe a nkhani aukali kuchokera m'mimba mwa kholingo, ndiye pharynx ndi M'mimbamo m'kamwa. komanso kuchepetsa pano mu dipatimenti. Onse asanu a iwo. Awiri kuchepetsa - pharyngeal ndi diaphragmatic - ankaona anatomical. Atatu a iwo - bronchial, mtima ndi kung'ambika - ndi thupi. Ndiko ambiri, kapangidwe wa kum'mero anthu. Komanso zambiri mwatsatanetsatane tione zimene zimapanga chipolopolo thupi.

anthu esophageal thunthu

dipatimenti ali khoma anamanga mucosa ndi, submucosa, ndi zigawo akulu ndi adventitial. Last pamwamba pa khadi aumbike ulusi striated. Pafupifupi m'chigawo cha 2/3 (ochuluka kuchokera pamwamba) dongosolo ndi m'malo mwa minofu yosalala. Wosanjikiza minofu alipo zigawo ziwiri: mkati zozungulira ndi akunja kotenga. Mucous chimakwirira lathyathyathya stratified epithelium. The makulidwe a chipolopolo ili lili zopangitsa kuti mutsegule ku lumen thupi. Nembanemba mucous ali ndi mtundu khungu. Lathyathyathya stratified epithelium lagona pa abwino CHIKWANGWANI polumikiza ulusi. Izi nacho cladding wosanjikiza wapangidwa ndi nyumba kolajeni. Enanso mwa epithelium ndi connective maselo minofu retikulinovye ulusi. Omwe cladding wosanjikiza m'gulu izo mu mawonekedwe a papillae. Ambiri, anthu esophageal thunthu ndi wosavuta. Komabe, sibwino kwambiri, mmene ntchito ambiri akuyendera thirakiti m'mimba.

anthu esophageal ntchito

Dipatimenti imeneyi imagwira ntchito zingapo. Mu ntchito anthu esophageal ndi kuonetsetsa Kukwezeleza chakudya. chinthu Izi anazindikira ndi motility, minofu chidule, kusintha kuthamanga ndi yokoka. Komanso, mu mpanda wa dipatimenti tochoka ntchofu. Iwo osabwereranso kumeneko mpaka zitanyowetsa ndi bolus, uyenera kuthandiza malowedwe ake kuti patsekeke muzituluka. Komanso mu njira Cholinga kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha nkhani kubwerera chiphaso kapepala kakuti chapamwamba m'mimba. Mbali akuyendera kudzera sphincter lapansi.

kusokonezeka kwa

Poyerekeza kuchuluka kwa kuvutika wa kum'mero ndi m'mimba, mungaone zotsatirazi: Choyamba wapezeka tsopano kuli pafupipafupi. Bwinobwino analandira mipita chakudya osaima. Akukhulupirira kuti kum'mero munthu sichidziwika atengeke anthu kapena irritations ena. Ambiri, dipatimenti imeneyi ndi wosavuta mu dongosolo lake. Komabe, pali ena mokoma mu dongosolo lake. Lero, akatswiri kuphunzira zambiri za alipo kobadwa nako ndipo anaphunziranso malformations dipatimenti. Ambiri madokotala ena oterewa nthenda thunthu la sphincter kulumikiza m'mimba kwa kholingo. Vuto lina zofala akuti ndi vuto kumeza. Mu pathological munthu aliri kum'mero yafupika awiri izi (bwinobwino ndi 2.3 cm).

zizindikiro za matendawo

Nthawi zambiri esophageal kudwala si limodzi ndi zizindikiro zilizonse. Komabe, kulephera mu ntchito yake angakhale ndi zotsatira zoipa kwambiri ndithu. Pa nkhani imeneyi m'pofunika kulabadira ngakhale zing'onozing'ono zooneka ngati zizindikiro. Ngati wapezeka kopanda aliyense muyenera yomweyo pitani kuchipatala. Mwa zizindikiro ambiri kuvutika esophageal tisaiwale:

• Kutentha.
• Belch.
• Epigastric ululu.
• Vuto kudutsa chakudya.
• Timatha mtanda mu mmero.
• Ululu mu malo ya kum'mero mu ndondomeko kudya.
• Hiccups.
• Kusanza.

kuphipha

Nthawi zina, amavutika ndimeyi chakudya kugwirizana ndi contractions chonsechi a minofu esophageal. Kawirikawiri chikhalidwe ichi chikuoneka achinyamata. More angayambe kuphipha nkhope phunziro kwa irritability ndi Kusakhazikika yodziwika ndi chapakati mantha dongosolo. Nthawi zambiri chikhalidwe kumachitika mu zikhalidwe za maganizo, mofulumira mayamwidwe chakudya, ambiri nervosa. Pa liwilo, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kum'mero anthu pansi mkwiyo makina. Chifukwa, izo akufotokozera kuphipha pa mlingo reflex. Kawirikawiri minofu chidule anati mu malo ya kum'mero ndi m'mimba kugwirizana. Pankhaniyi, pali cardiospasm. Taganizirani chikhalidwe ichi mwatsatanetsatane.

cardiospasm

chikhalidwe ichi limodzi ndi kukula kwa kholingo. anomaly Izi amakhala ndi kuwonjezereka kwakukulu M'mimbamo ake ndi kusintha morphological pakhoma pa maziko a kuchepetsa lakuthwa mbali yake mtima - cardiospasm. Kukula kwa kholingo ungapezeke chifukwa mkati ndi kunja zinthu zosiyanasiyana tizilombo, matenda embryogenesis, dysfunctions neurogenic, zikubweretsa atony.

Zimayambitsa cardiospasm

boma nthenda anakhalabe zoopsa choipa, chilonda, chotupa. Precipitating chinthu chitukuko zina amaona kuti zotsatira za mankhwala poizoni. Zikuphatikizapo, poyamba pa zonse, pazikhalanso banjali m'mafakitale woopsawo, mowa, fodya. Iwo kumachititsa wa cardiospasm stenosis esophageal chifukwa cha kugonjetsedwa ndi limakhala enaake a pakhungu fever, chindoko ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Zina mwa zinthu precipitating zatenga malo apadera pathologies zosiyanasiyana chifundamtima. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka, pazikhalanso sclerosis mabowo. Zoipa chikoka ndi zochitika subdiaphragmatic mu zonse m'mimba. Pankhaniyi tikulankhula aerophagia, gastritis, gastroptosis, peritonitis, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly. Ndi kuwaganizira zinthu monga supradiaphragmatic ndi njira. Pakati pawo, makamaka, kuonetsetsa kuti aneurysm kung'ambika, ndi msempha, pleurisy, mediastinitis. Ndi zinthu neurogenic monga kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha zotumphukira zida kum'mero. Iwo akhoza zimayamba ndi ena pathologies opatsirana. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa zingakhale chikuku, Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi, diphtheria, fever, meningoencephalitis, fuluwenza, poliyo. Komanso, n'zothandiza zinthu monga poizoni ndi mankhwala poizoni mu malo ogwilila ntchito ndi kunyumba (kutsogolera, mowa, Arsenic, chikonga). Yopita kwa mtundu gigantism kusintha esophageal kobadwa nako mwina anayamba pa siteji ya bookmarks embryonic. Zitatero, zikuoneka sclerosis, kupatulira pakhoma.

achalasia

matenda ndi neuropathic m'chilengedwe. Pamene pali kuphwanya ntchito esophageal achalasia. Mu kudwala anati matenda motility. M'munsi sphincter kumachita monga limagwirira obturator pakati pa kum'mero ndi m'mimba wotaya umatha kumasuka. Panopa etiology matendawa silikudziwika, koma akatswiri amanena psychogenic, matenda ndi chibadwa chimene chingawapangitse kukhala zidakwa. Childs, kudwala ndi wapezeka mu m'badwo kwa zaka 20 mpaka 40.

amayaka

Zidzachitika pamene kum'mero munthu kudutsa mankhwala ena mankhwala. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, chiwerengero cha anthu amene amayaka cha GI, za 70% - ana kwa zaka khumi. Izi amaposa chifukwa akulu ndi woyang'anira ndi ana chidwi kuwapsetsa kulawa zinthu zambiri. Nthawi zambiri lamoto kum'mero akulu kulandira pa malowedwe mu hydroxide sodium, moyikirapo njira acid. Pasanathe ambiri, pali milandu amene amadza chifukwa cha Lysol, phenol. Digiri chiwonongeko anatsimikiza mogwirizana ndi buku ndi ndende pawiri amene walowa mkati. Pamene 1. Amowabu kuwonongeka wa padziko wosanjikiza mucous. Mlingo wachiwiri amakhala ndi zotupa mu minofu. Kuwotcha ya kum'mero 3 tbsp. limodzi ndi zotupa mu zigawo zonse dipatimenti. Pankhaniyi, pali zizindikiro zokha m'dera, koma zizindikiro wamba: kuledzera ndi mantha. Pambuyo lamoto 2-3 tbsp. anapanga kusintha cicatricial mu zimakhala. Waukulu chizindikiro kumbali ndikumva amphamvu woyaka kutengeka mkamwa, pakhosi ndi chifuwa. Nthawi zambiri, munthu amene anatenga njira caustic yomweyo kusanza zikachitika, pangakhale kutupa milomo.

thupi yachilendo

Nthawi zina kum'mero munthu kupeza zinthu zimene si cholinga kudya. Mu neperezhevannye zidutswa chakudya akhoza kuchita matupi kunja. Monga mmene kumapeto, pamaso pa zinthu zakunja amawapeza zambiri. thupi lina chidzachitika kum'mero chifukwa cha ingestion kwambiri mofulumira zakudya kuseka kapena kulankhula pamene mukudya. Nthawi zambiri mu dipatimenti imeneyi anapeza mafupa a nsomba kapena nkhuku. Zikamera wa chinthu chatsopano ndi achilendo kwa anthu amene ali ndi chizolowezi chinachake inedible kusunga pakamwa nthawi zonse (tatifupi pepala, studs mpirawu, etc.). Monga ulamuliro, mu thupi la pakhoma ophatikizidwa zinthu ndi mapeto zisonga. Zingayambitse kutupa.

chilonda

Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa kupanda kudwala Cardo, amene amakwiya malowedwe mu mmero wa madzi muzituluka. Izo, nayenso ali ndi proteolytic kanthu. Kawirikawiri limodzi ndi zam'mimba ndi duodenum 12 kapena chophukacho hiatal. Kawirikawiri, pa makoma a zotupa wa munthu wapezeka, koma nthawi zina amapezeka ndi mawu angapo. Chitukuko cha zilonda esophageal ndi zifukwa zingapo. Kudwala mwina chifukwa opaleshoni, ndi chophukacho, kapena matenda motility. The chizindikiro chachikulu ndi kutentha okhazikika, ululu kumbuyo breastbone ndi, belching. Posankha chakudya ndipo pambuyo zizindikiro kukhala kwambiri. Monga mbali muja nthawi zikuchitika wowawasa regurgitation ya nkhani m'mimba.

atresia

chilema Izi amati kulemedwa kwambiri. Pakuti akamaliza kudwala yodziwika akhungu chapamwamba kum'mero. Muzilankhula gawo zake Pamene amalankhulira ndi trachea a. Nthawi zambiri ndi maziko a atresia esophageal amadziŵika ndi zilema zina mu chitukuko cha machitidwe osiyanasiyana a thupi. The zimayambitsa matenda amaonedwa kukhala anomalies mu utero mapangidwe mwana wosabadwayo. Ngati masabata 4 kapena 5 pa chitukuko Ndisanaumbidwe ikukhudzanso ngozi, kenako amayamba ndi mapangidwe cholakwika wa kholingo.