Kusinthana wotuluka: mitundu, makhalidwe ndi maonekedwe

zochita tonse ophunzira mawonekedwe enieni kugulitsa chuma, lomwe lili ndi dzina la "yobetcherana", anatchula mawu akuti "wotuluka kusinthanitsa". Mitundu ya ntchito anavomera anawagawa mitundu anayi akuluakulu. Nawonso, akupanga ndikupeleka, ndilo phunziro osiyanasiyana katundu ndi chuma amene wokwatibwa ndi ndalama zambiri. Mitundu ya wotuluka kuwombola ndi makhalidwe awo m'nkhani ino.

General kudziwa ongolankhula

Kusinthana ndikupeleka, mfundo ndi mitundu amene ali mwachindunji mwakhama kuonekera kwa ophunzira, umalimbana kupeza (kapena kutaya) ufulu ndi udindo kugwirizana ndi katundu anagula mu chimango cha mtundu yeniyeni ya mgwirizano wa zogulitsa. M'kupita kwa wotuluka awa anasamutsa zinthu kuti ndi mwayi ziyenera ndi chionetsero pa yobetcherana.

Childs, njira otchedwa Analysis stockjobbing yodziwika ku mbali zingapo. Amaonedwa mawu a zoletsedwa ndi malamulo, zachuma ndi losavuta mfundo gulu ndi chikumbumtima.

Awa kuwombola mitundu ndikupeleka kuti akhoza muli mndandanda izi:

• kupereka katundu, motsogozedwa ndi ulaliki wa zitsanzo apamwamba;
• Mapangano ntchito yobweretsa katundu;
• pangano kumafuna kulanda umwini wa chuma chogwirika phunziro kwa malipiro sanali mwamsanga;
• kufika mapangano, chifukwa cha zomwe lamanja (koma osati udindo) kugula izi kapena sheya kapena mankhwala enieni zina nyengo anavomera.

Kuonetsetsa ndondomeko kuyitana

Ufulu malamulo enieni kukhazikitsa njira malonda Kusinthanitsa ali yense gulu osiyana kuti akuchita phwando ogula ndi ogulitsa zikugwira ntchito m'munda makamaka malamulo. General yomweyo aliyense bungwe, wotchedwa kuwombola, ndi zofunika za olembedwa a mgwirizano pakati obetcha lapansi.

Tsiku leni chitsanzo chikalata evidencing Khrisu ndikupeleka, ayenera sizinatchulidwe motere:

• ndi nthawi yeniyeni mkati limene nkhani ya malonda chikuyembekezeka ndi wolandira;
• nambala ya mayunitsi katundu;
• zizindikiro zomwe zikhoza kuweruzidwa molingana ndi chuma anapeza miyezo ya khalidwe;
• mafuko amayanjana nkhani ndikupeleka;
• nthawi ndi maonekedwe a malipiro pansi mgwirizano;
• yobereka mokoma ndi digiri ya udindo wa zipani.

Monga mbali ya pangano lokhazikika yaitali ali anavomera yekha mfundo ziwiri zapitazi pa mndandanda pamwamba. Price nthawi wotchedwa makonzedwe. Mtundu wa dongosolo otchedwa zam'tsogolo.

Mapangano kuti kupereka ufulu kugula katundu osati kudzipereka, wogulitsidwa wapadera wa pepala, wotchedwa options. Kugula ngati chikalata tenderer pamodzi ndi iwo akukhala mwini yoyenera kugula mankhwala ena pa nthawi imene mwasankha. Pankhaniyi, sheya izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati anafuna ndi kugulitsidwa anasamutsidwa, pamodzi ndi mwayi kugula mwachindunji chinthu iwo.

ndikupeleka ndalama

Mmodzi wa mitundu ya mapangano kuwombola ndi otchedwa yomweyo kuphedwa kwa iwowo. Mu chimango cha kulanda sheya ndi mawerengedwe zikuchitika pa tsiku la kusainira mgwirizanowo. mtundu wina wa wotuluka kuwombola katundu ndi mapangano atathana yaitali, nkhani za ndilo kugula ndi kugulitsa ndalama za boma lina.

Ndikupeleka kuphedwa amatchedwa ndalama yomweyo ndipo akhoza kukhala wophweka Mapangano nyemba ndi mapangano ndi phindu woikidwiratu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pa maziko a mchitidwe wa mayiko, malipiro a sheya pankhani ziyenera kuperekedwa nthawi yomweyo kapena palibe pasanafike pa tsiku lachisanu ntchito pambuyo kusaina zikalata zogwirizana. Ngati phukusi anagula zikuphatikizapo magawo oposa 100, mawerengedwe akhoza kukhala milungu iwiri.

Russia ndi katundu msika amakhazikitsa mfundo yosiyana ya malipiro kuphedwa atangochimwa wotuluka. Ndalama tidzakwatulidwa anasamutsa palibe pasanafike masiku awiri. Monga mbali ya yachibadwa ndikupeleka mawerengedwe akanakhoza kutenga miyezi itatu.

zam'tsogolo

mapangano zimenezo zikukhudzanso kugoletsa zenizeni za mawu a malipiro ndi tsiku kusaina awo, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa mawonekedwe mandala phindu. Mitundu ya Mapangano amenewa kusiyana bwino, zochokera makhalidwe zotsatirazi:

• kalendala nthawi, amene akhale malipiro (chisanadze mwachindunji chiwerengero cha masiku ndi kuliika zalembedwa);
• tsiku nkhani mtengo (zingakhale tsiku la ndikupeleka kapena nambala ina);
• mokoma mgwirizano, amene makamaka zimadalira mtundu wake (oonetsa nkhani nkhani hereof, munthu, mungachite ndi zina zotero. d.).

Ambiri, wotuluka izi anawagawa mitundu iwiri:

• pachithandara (pamene ophunzira a pangano ili atapita mawu akuti anavomera ali woyenera kuchita zonse monga wogulitsa, ndipo mosemphanitsa);
• Lipoti (a pangano mwagwirizana pa kulanda sheya imene chipani kulandira akuvomera kugula iwo nthawi ina pa mlingo wokwererapo).

Palinso kuwombola ndi ndikupeleka mitundu imene pa mapeto yawo akuonetsa njira imene a magulu kuti mgwirizano wake ndi wakuti kukakamiza pa ulaliki wina wa masheya, chiwerengero cha sipangakhalenso kuchulukitsa ndi chinthu ena. Mtengo uliwonse Komabe, mu nkhani iyi amakhalabe amodzi ndi kupeza mlingo wa zimene zinali zodzaza pa nthawi ya mapeto a pangano.

Ndi wotsatira kugula ndikupeleka, mwayi ndi nkhambakamwa

Poti mapangano a mtundu "lipoti" ndi mbali ya mitundu ikuluikulu ya wotuluka kuwombola ndipo ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya mapangano ndi kuchedwa mawerengedwe, zomwe ndi kupanda kukhazikika mu msika kuwombola yachilendo. Kuwonjezera pa pamwamba zikuphatikizapo ndikupeleka imene sheya ndi anasamutsidwa amalipiritsa kudakali osankhidwa mkhalapakati. cholowa wapakatikati kumatenga nthawi mwachindunji nthawi, ndipo makamaka analipira ndalama zosakwana amene anakhala chiwombolo wotsatira.

Kupeleka pa mapeto a omwe yoyenera kugula katundu, kuganiza kupereka zingati pa mapeto a nthawi anavomera, omwe sangakhale zosakwana wina wapantchito sabata mpaka miyezi iwiri. Ngati kumene tsiku kuthetsa chikugwirizana ndi tsiku kalendala kutali, ndi kukhoma kuchuluka chifukwa ali basi anawonjezera mpaka m'kati mwa mlungu wotsatira.

Tikumbukenso kuti mitundu ndi makhalidwe a wotuluka katundu kuwombola sangathe kutchulidwa zonse popanda kutchula osiyanasiyana, ikuchitika pansi pa nsombazo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale kumatanthauza zoipa akuti, ntchito ngati akatswiri ambiri otchedwa zothandiza. Izi makamaka chifukwa chakuti nkhambakamwa m'njira zina kulepheretsa vutoli mitengo ndipo ngakhale bwino awo.

Malamulo a Kusinthanitsa

wotuluka kuwombola zolembedwa ndi kusankhidwa. Komanso, pali kupereka, kudzera kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za zinthu M'makalatamo mauthenga pa Intaneti, foni ndi zina zotero N..

Anthu ophunzira mu masewera kuwombola, amene akhoza zimachitika akatswiri kawirikawiri kupanga amachita kokha m'dzina lake ndi ndalama zawo. Kwa iwo, ndi malamulo a m'banja, ndi kuti akuyenera mawu mtengo pasadakhale ndiponso kuti asasiye iwo mu ntchito ya.

amachita chonchi ndithu kulembedwa, kuti yekha zimachitika pamene chikalata wasenza bwino. Mu chikalata ichi, ulamuliro zogwirizana wapanga ndi aipatsa munthu siriyo chiwerengero. Atalandira dongosolo chitetezo, mwini wake watsopano ayenera awadziwitse munthu kubala izo.

Omumvera ndi zinthu pa nzeru zimenezi

Popeza masewera mu msika wogulitsa akutsatiridwa mosamalitsa motsatira malamulo, kupanga dongosolo bwino ndi njira ya njira, lamulo bwino umamumvera mndandanda wa mamembala awo. Njirazi ndi monga:

• mabungwe kugwira ntchito mu chimango cha masewera malonda akhalire yekha m'malo lake (amalonda);
• anthu malamulo kapena thupi ndi za malamulo a malonda a oyambitsa ndi;
• osinthitsa, akuchitapo kanthu m'dzina ndi m'malo mwa makasitomala.

Mamembala pamwamba, pogwira ntchito zawo, monga nzika za wotuluka ankaona:

• mitundu yonse ya zinthu;
• zipangizo;
• magawo;
• opangidwa kuchokera ku chenichenicho mankhwala kapena utumiki zikalata chuma (zotumphukira);
• ndalama dziko.

Anthu chinkhoswe mu gulu la njuga, kuthandizapo mwachindunji malamulo kwa amalonda munthu, ndi kugwira malangizo ambiri aliyense, popanda yekha, ndi ofuna kugula, ngati yonse ya wotuluka kuwombola katundu komanso dongosolo la kulembetsa awo chifukwa ngati pakufunika.

Zamgululi ndi njira kiyi malonda

Kulankhula mwatsatanetsatane zimene ndendende mankhwala ndalama anapereka zogulitsa mosapatuka osiyanasiyana, izi:

• Malawi;
• katundu anafuna processing;
• Zamgululi m'munda wa ulimi.

Price kutchulidwa zinthu malonda aumbike mwa mayendedwe a limagwirira kuwombola. Pa mtima mabodza amenewo, monga ulamuliro, free structuring mitengo ili Komabe, poyerekezera mwachindunji kuti malamulo anakhazikitsa bungwe la ankachititsa yobetcherana, makamaka ikuyang'anira yonse ya wotuluka mu katundu weniweni.

Mndandanda waukulu ankayendetsa zachuma ikuchitika mu chimango cha zinthu izi zikuphatikiza:

• kugula ndi kugulitsa;
• ndondomeko ya kupanga mndandanda wa masheya anavomereza kuti malonda;
• kuyan'anila kugwilizana ndi kukhazikika sheya amafuna kuwombola (komanso njira osiyanasiyana - sizinatchulidwe zikhalidwe);
• Kuphedwa kwa mapangano anafika;
• wagawo mtengo tamutchula m'munsi ndi ndalama;
• kukhazikitsa njira chitetezo;
• malipiro chithandizo cha za malamulo;
• ndalama ndipo sanali kupereka ngongole;
• kusunga ziwerengero kuti kuphunzira msika chuma ndi ulaliki wa zikalata zowonjezera;
• Services kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha ndalama;
• Nsanja ya sheya.

mitengo

Monga mbali ya mtengo nzeru katundu wa masewera ambiri makamaka kwa masheya anatsimikiza malinga zingapo:

• Zotsatira dongosolo amalonda ufulu (amalonda);
• malinga ndi malamulo zogwirizana a msika (amaganizira macroeconomics amakono);
• potengera zoyamba za ogulitsira malonda ndi.

The mitengo unakhazikitsidwa mu njira ya zokambirana, mwanjira ina potengera chikhalidwe cha msika panopa, zomwe zambiri limafotokoza kuti alowemo Mwakuchita mokomera chisankho chomaliza.

Mapangano atafika ndi zipani mosapatuka kupikisana pa mtundu wa ogulitsira malonda, umatchedwanso "wotuluka kusinthanitsa" gulu. Mitundu ya mapangano ndi zingapo zochititsa awo khalidwe ndipo ndi chidwi chachikulu, ngati chikhazikitso yapadera ndalama.

Features amagulitsa nsombazo

yobetcherana Public, chikuchitika mu chimango osiyanasiyana, mosapita ogaŵikana mitundu iwiri chachikulu - wamba (chakale) kapena iwiri. Woyamba ndi anthu amene, chifukwa cha anthu ofuna ochepa mapulogalamu anapereka, ku wampikisano ndi mzake ndi ogulitsa basi. Mtundu chachiwiri mogwirizana ndi mpikisano wa purchasers monga ulembedwe mitundu ndi zolinga za kuwombola wotuluka.

The view tingachipeze powerenga za ogulitsira malonda ndi Baibulo British cha kuyitana, ndi mbali ya zomwe ndi kuwonjezeka mitengo ndondomeko - kuchokera ku chotsikitsitsa munthu amene katundu kenako anazindikira.

Mapulogalamu kuchita ogulitsira malonda mu udindo wa ogulitsa ndi aziwapatsa pasadakhale, chimene chili chofunika kwambiri phunzirolo, Woyambirira katundu ziyenera a malonda ndi mapangidwe mndandanda wa katundu kutchulidwa. Pre-amangokhala ndi kukula sitepe, amene litsatira kukula kwa phindu pa masewera yobetcherana.