Camellia chinese: kumera kunyumba

Dzina lakuti "camellia" limamveka ngakhale pakati pa omwe sanawonepo chomera ichi m'miyoyo yawo. Mosakayikitsa, ndizofunikira kwa Alexandre Dumas ndi mbiri yake yotchuka "The Lady ndi Camellias," zomwe zinapangitsa maluwa okongola awa ndi kuwasangalatsa iwo omwe akupitirira mpaka lero. Dzina la duwa, ngakhale kuti limamveka lochititsa chidwi, koma limangotchula dzina la mmishonale wa ku Czech Kamel, amene anabweretsa chomera ichi ku Ulaya kuchokera ku Manila (Philippines) m'zaka za zana la 17.

Botany yaying'ono

Mtundu wa "camellia" ndi wa "tiyi" ndipo uli ndi mitundu yoposa mazana awiri. Otsatsa omwe amalimidwa ndi mitunduyi ndi dongosolo lalikulu kwambiri. Kawirikawiri, ndi zitsamba kapena mitengo yaying'ono, yobiriwira ndipo ikufalikira m'nyengo yozizira. Masamba a Camellia ali owala, owundana, opangika mozungulira, obiriwira obiriwira. Kukula kwake kumasiyanasiyana ndi 3 mpaka 15 cm m'litali, malingana ndi mtundu wa mbewu. Camellia - chomera cham'madzi, ndipo chimamasula nthawi yoziziritsa kwambiri chaka: kumapeto kwa autumn, nyengo yozizira ndi kumayambiriro kwa masika.

Maluwa okongola a camellia amaoneka ngati duwa. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imawadabwitsa! Zimakhala ziwiri ndi ziwiri, ndipo zimakhala zosavuta, zokongola kwambiri, zimakhala zokhazikika, ndipo zimakhala ndi masentimita 3 mpaka 15. Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yoyera ndi yofiira, kamera kamera kamatha kukhala kansalu, kofiira komanso variegated: Zotsalira kapena malire. Kununkhira kwa maluwa a mitundu yambiri ya camellia ili pafupifupi ayi, ndi zina zosiyana. Mbeu zopangidwa pambuyo pa maluwa zikufanana ndi mtedza waung'ono mu chipolopolo cholimba, chomwe chimapezeka mu makapisozi owuma. Maluwa pa chomeracho amakhala nthawi yayitali - pafupi mwezi. Mu mitundu ina, iwo samafota, koma kugwa kwathunthu, motsatira, osasokoneza maonekedwe a chitsamba.

Camellia Chinese: tiyi basi

Kwa dzina lokongola chotero, ngati Camellia Chinese (Camellia sinensis), palibe kanthu ngati chitsamba cha tiyi. Dziko lachimera la chomera ichi ndi Southeast Asia, ndipo idalima kulima ku China: masamba a camellia a ku China ndiwo omwe amapezeka mowa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kenaka anadza camellia ku Japan ndipo anali wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa samurai. Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa camellias kunabwerera ku zaka za zana la 1 AD ndipo kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi Japan.

Pambuyo pake chomeracho chinabweretsedwa ku Ulaya. Malingana ndi magulu osiyanasiyana, izi zinachitika kuchokera m'zaka za m'ma 1600 mpaka 1800, komabe ziri zodziwika kuti kumeneko camellia kwa nthawi yayitali inkatengedwa kuti ndi mtengo wapatali komanso wokwera, wokhala ndi anthu olemekezeka okha. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, camellias anadza ku United States - monga tchire ndi tizilombo zokongola. Ku Russia, camellias anawonekera m'zaka za zana la 19. Monga zinthu zolima, iwo adayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi anthu apamwamba. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, amayesedwa kuti akule chitsamba cha tiyi, choyamba ku Crimea, komanso mu Soviet times ku Krasnodar Territory.

Maonekedwe

Tiyi yaching'ono ya Camellia siyiwoneka yokongola ngati abale ake okongoletsera, koma ndi woyenera kuyesa kukula nyumba yake mu mphika. Maluwa ake oyera ndi malo achikasu amafanana ndi jasmine. Iwo si aakulu kwambiri, koma ali ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Nthawi zambiri, kamellia iliyonse si nyumba yopangira. Zomwe sizili zoyenera kwa iye zomwe zimakhala mumzinda wamapiri. Chifukwa chake, camellias amaonedwa ngati whimsical - izi ngakhale kuti m'madera awo nyengo zimakula pakhomo popanda mavuto, kwenikweni ngati namsongole, ngakhale pang'ono yochepa chisanu. Koma ngati mumadziwa maonekedwe a zokongolazi, ndiye kuti, nthawi yaitali amasangalatsa eni ake odwala. Camellias amakula pang'onopang'ono, koma amakhala motalika kwambiri: mu chilengedwechi - zaka mazana ambiri.

Kusamalira camellia: mavuto aakulu

Adani akuluakulu a tiyi m'mizinda ya masiku ano ndi owuma kwambiri, mpweya komanso kutentha kwakukulu m'nyengo yozizira. Vuto likhoza kukhala lolemera kwambiri nthaka, chifukwa cha mizu yomwe imavunda ndipo, motero, kufa kwa chomera, komanso kubzala kosavuta kwa maluwa. Pakati pa maluwa a camellia, a Chinese ayenera kukhala pamalo ozizira - amafunikira nyengo yozizira. Kupereka izi mu Kutentha Kwambiri sikophweka. Khola lotentha limene kutentha sikukutsitsa pansi pa 5 ° C ndi malo abwino kwa nthawiyi. M'nyumba yapadera malo otentha ozizira ndi abwino.

Kutentha kwa mpweya kumayendetsedwa bwino ndi kupopera mbewu, kumene kuli koyenera kuteteza chinyezi mwachindunji pamaluwa, ndi pallets ndi wetdddite. Madzi ayenera kusamala mosamala: pamtunda wotsika, kutentha kwa madzi kumachitika. Komabe, ngati nthaka ya camellia ikufanana molondola - kuthira maluwawo kukhala ovuta.

Miyeso ya camellia ikukula

Pali lingaliro lakuti panthawi ya maluwa, camellia sangakhoze kukhudza: kuikidwa, kusinthasintha ndi kukonzedwanso. Izi siziri choncho: nyengo ya maluwa ya shrub, yosamvetseka bwino, imagwirizana ndi nthawi yonse, ndipo panthawi ino mukhoza kuchita chirichonse ndi iye, ngakhale kuwedza, mopanda kuwononga chiweto chanu. Chomeracho chiyenera kuchitika pafupi ndi mapeto a maluwa, pamene mbewu ikadali ndi maluwa.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za impso - monga lamulo, zimachitika m'chilimwe - camellia amafunikira kuyatsa bwino ndi kuthirira moyenera, komanso kutentha kwa pafupifupi 20 ºС kapena ngakhale pang'ono. Dzuŵa labwino ndibwino kuti likhalepo, kuyika mphika wa zomera kumwera kwazenera-kumadzulo. Kutheka kwa kutentha kwa kusasitsa kwa masamba sikutalika kuposa 15 ºС, komanso kwa nyengo yamaluwa komanso mochepera - kuyambira 8 mpaka 12 ºС. Madzi okwanira ayenera kukhala ofewa, mungathe kuchiritsa pang'ono. Camellias samalola kashiamu wambiri. Ngati kutentha ndi chinyezi sichigwirizana ndi zofunikira, camellia sidzaphuka ndikusiya masamba.

Zofuna za nthaka

Camellia Chinese amafunikira nthaka yowonongeka. Mungagwiritse ntchito makonzedwe okonzeka kupanga azaleas kapena rhododendrons, omwe ali ndi peat, tsamba lapansi, perlite ndi mchenga. Dothi lochokera ku nkhalango ya coniferous ndi lopambana.

Manyowa a camellia amafunika kuchuluka kwa ndalama. Ndi bwino kudyetsa zomera mu kasupe, panthawi yogwira ntchito. Oyenera sungunuka zovuta feteleza. Koma tizirombo, kamellia ikhoza kukhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba kapena akangaude, koma zimachitika, malingana ndi wamaluwa, kawirikawiri.

Kubereka kwa Camellia

Nthawi zambiri camellia ndi zimafalitsidwa ndi apical cuttings ndi 3-5 anayamba masamba. Kuphuka kwa mphukira kumatenga nthawi yaitali, 3-4 miyezi. Palinso njira ina yomwe mungayesere kukweza camellia ku mbewu zatsopano. Mwatsoka, sukulu sizisungidwa. Choyamba, mbewu za camellia Chinese zimayesedwa kuti zimere, kumera m'madzi. Ngati mbeu yayamba, siidzawuka. Mbeu zabwino ziyenera kuthiridwa maola angapo m'madzi otentha (pafupifupi 70 ºС), katatu kusintha madzi. Khungu lathanzi likhoza kukhazikika.

Pambuyo pa zonsezi, mbeu zimayikidwa mu nthaka yonyowa kwambiri - 3-5 masentimita ndi okwanira. Kwa mbewu, zomera zimapangidwira, ndikuphimba chidebe ndi filimu kapena galasi ndikuyika malo otentha. Nthaŵi zambiri ndi koyenera kutsegula. Mbande ziyenera kuonekera mu 1-2 miyezi. Mukhoza kuwasandutsa miphika yapadera mutatsegulira masamba awiri, osagwedeza muzu wa mizu.

Mitundu yambiri ya camellias ndi ntchito yawo

Kuwonjezera pa camellia wa ku China, mitundu yotsambayi imadziwika kwambiri: mapiri, mafuta, maukonde, Japan, Saluen, goldenfilm, chisanu chopinga Williams hybrids ndi ena.

Camellia Japanese-Chinese bushy ndi chidwi kwambiri kwa obereketsa. Kawirikawiri, khama lawo likufuna kutulutsa mitundu yatsopano yamithunzi - zitsamba zamitundu yofiirira, zamchere, zonona, ngale, ndi mitundu yosazira. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa dziko lathu, chifukwa madera omwe maluŵa okongolawa amakula popanda mavuto kunja, ndi ochepa.

Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, camellia Japan-Chinese Chakudya chapeza madokotala akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Kuchokera ku masamba ake aang'ono mumalandira mafuta ofunikira, omwe ndi mbali ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.