Lamulo mgwirizano maziko a ufulu European

Mu zaka 10-20 otsiriza mabuku a malamulo nthawi zambiri anapeza mawu monga lamulo European. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mawuwa anaonekera mu 50s wa atumwi wotsiriza, koma, ngakhale kuti kuyambira pamenepo, izo zakhala ziri zaka zingapo ndithu, pakati pa asayansi ndi osazindikira wamba zosiyana. Choncho, njira kumvetsetsa akonzedwa lamavutoli zodabwitsa milandu akatswiri osiyanasiyana mwalamulo osiyana kwambiri pakati pawo. Komabe, pang'ono kukana kuti mmodzi wa maziko zofunika zodabwitsazi m'zigawozigawo ndi contractual bwino.

Inde, mitundu zamalamulo a m'mayiko ambiri European zinthu zambiri sizili zofanana, makamaka chifukwa chakuti kuyambira kale, zinapangidwa ku maziko osiyana - Aroma, achingelezi, Germany ... Komabe, zikamera wa bungwe la European ndi kukumana kunadetsa pafupi derali mu ndale ndi chikhalidwe, ndi chuma, ndi kulimbitsa kumam'phunzitsa mabungwe supranational zambiri chakuti malire pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ulamuliro ndi achotsa malamulo ndi njira izi zapiringizana, riobretaya zogwirizana. Kukhalapo ngati malo wamba mu dera malamulo makamaka abwino mgwirizano malamulo.

Choyamba, mawu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponena kuti kukhulupirika lonse mabacteria pakati pa mayiko osiyanasiyana a ku Ulaya, kuphatikizapo Multilaterial. Choncho, tingathe kunena kuti makampani ndi Lamulo mgwirizano pakati pa maiko awiri pa mfundo za mayiko, mu nkhani iyi, ndi ufulu dera. Komabe, ayenera kusandutsa dongosolo mu zikuluzikulu mu Europe. Kunali koyenera kuti azolowere mzake kwambiri kusiyana, omwe ali ndi ufulu contractual aliyense machitidwe dziko malamulo. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, ntchito yapadera linakhazikitsidwa, lotsogoledwa ndi mphunzitsi wotchuka ku Denmark mahule Lund.

Bungwe loyamba la onse anatenga zimene anayamba kuphunzira kuyerekeza ndi mwambo uliwonse dziko zofunika malamulo kuti kuona ngati iwo ali oyenera unafunika mkati wonse malamulo chiwembu wa European Union. Pakuti ichi cholinga tinali komanso kusanthula, ndi zinthu za dziko ena otukuka machitidwe kukhazikitsa mapangano. Ntchito imeneyi poyamba anali mwangwiro maphunziro, chikhalidwe sayansi, koma mofulumira zinadziwika kuti zipatso akhoza bwino ntchito mchitidwe. Choncho, mu 1999, chifukwa cha ntchito za bungweli anali anaona mbali ya malamulo EU. Choncho ananyamuka Mfundo za European mgwilizano Chilamulo.

Mwachidule iwo akhoza mwachidule motere. Choyamba, lonjezo chiyenera kukwaniritsidwa mwa njira ya mgwirizano ndi mapeto udindo mwagwirizana chakuti akuoneni (pacta sunt servanda). Komanso, mgwirizano chilamulo, ananyamuka mfundo amafuna gulu lililonse kusonyeza kuti ali bwino ndipo okhwima cholinga pangano linali pangano, ndi kuti chipani ena, malinga ndi "malo wololera" kuti amayembekezera ena zochita bwino anasonyeza (ovomerezeka ). Ndipo potsiriza, ngati chifukwa pamwambapa, mgwirizanowo adzakhala chomveka kaya maonekedwe ake, komanso mmene kutha kulemba kapena pakamwa, ndi kuyambira pamene laperekedwa kwa addressee lapansi.

Nthawi zina chifukwa cha mfundo zimenezi miyezo ya malamulo umatchedwanso malonda Code la EU, chifukwa iwo ali makamaka ntchito makampani zonse ntchito zachuma ndi malonda. Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti m'njira imeneyi lalikulu supranational yense, amene ndi European Union, ndi kutsitsimuka mfundo chikhalidwe mercatoria Lex. Iwo, komanso m'mabuku ena a malamulo mgwirizano, amathandiza kuti athe kugonjetsa zopinga kulepheretsa chitukuko cha chuma ndi malonda achilungamo kusintha, malinga ndi Montesquieu kamodzinso, "makhalidwe a anthu."