Lermontov a ntchito. Lermontov Mihail Yurevich: zilandiridwenso

. M. Yu Lermontov - wotchuka Russian tingachipeze powerenga kuti anali mmodzi wa yowala ndipo ambiri aluso andakatulo, olemba prose, playwrights, malo chikondi. Onse ntchito luso la Lermontov modabwitsa m'nyimbo, mwangwiro apangidwe ndi mosavuta anazindikira mwa owerenga. ntchito yake zolembalemba kwambiri Maganizo amenewa ukulu padziko lonse D. G. Bayron ndi A. S. Pushkin.

mbadwo

Labambo Lermontov inayambira ku mbadwa ya Scotland, George Lermontov yemwe anali Mfumu ya Poland, omwe pa Kuzinga White Russian analandidwa. Iye anayamba asilikali a asilikali Moscow. Ndipo kuyambira 1613 iye anali mayina utumiki wa Mfumu ya Russia, ndi kwa utumiki analandira madera wokhulupirika dziko Galichsky County (Kostroma).

Labambo Learmonth ndipo uvale wotchuka Scottish ndakatulo za m'ma XIII - Thomas. Labambo Lerma analinso Spanish mfumu. Kotero ndikuoneka kwa kugwirizana ndi makolo-Chi, koma koposa zonse iye anali osonyeza ubale ndi Spanish Duke - mtumiki wa Mfumu Philip III. Lermontov pali ngakhale 'Spanish' mkombero mu luso zabwino, chifukwa nayenso anali wojambula kwambiri.

Pa nthawi ya kubadwa a ndakatulo Lermontov anabadwa osauka kwambiri. Atate Yuri Petrovich zinali zodzaza ndi wokongola amalabadira ndi mtima wabwino, koma yochepa mtima kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina zosafunikira kwambiri. chuma chake Kropotovka mu Efremov County M'mphepete dzina S. A. Arsenevoy (nee Stolypin). Mwana wake wamkazi - Maria M. chikondi - sakanachitira mwina koma kugwa m'chikondi ndi woyandikana naye uyu wokongola ndipo ngakhale zionetsero amake, naye. Koma chimwemwe m'banja sunakhalitse, wotopa ndi chifuwa chachikulu ndiponso kuwonongeka mantha chifukwa cha infidelities zonse mwamuna wake anamwalira m'chaka cha 1817.

Mihaila Lermontova ubwana

Mu Moscow, October 3, 1814 anabadwa Mikhail Lermontov. Monga mwana, iye anali wodwala, Moody ndi mnyamata mantha. Ankadwala diathesis, scrofula, ndi chikuku. Kwa nthawi yaitali Ine anadwala chifukwa rickets, zomwe zinachititsa kuti kupindika miyendo. Atamwalira oyambirira a mayi Lermontov okha yosokoneza, koma wokondedwa kwambiri zithunzi mtima wake. Agogo Elizabeth Arsenyev anatenga chisamaliro cha ntchito zonse pa analeredwera ndipo onse a moyo wake mwachikondi kumusamalira. Koma mwana iye basi sindikanakhoza kupirira mzimu. Yuri Petrovich chifukwa udani ndi mayi anakakamizika kusiya nyumba yake ndipo kusiya mwana wake. Komabe, iye anaponyamo kangapo kwa mayi ake ndi cholinga kukatenga yokha Michael, koma onse anali pachabe. The mnyamata ataona chidani, zinali zovuta kwambiri kuti aunyamule onse. Nthawi zonse zowawa ndi anakhalabe pakati agogo ndi bambo ake. Mu sewero Menschen und Leidenschaften Lermontov linasonyeza zinthu zonse pankhaniyi. Kenako anasamukira ku malo agogo ake otchedwa Tarkhany (Penza chigawo). Pali pafupifupi wapita, ndipo onse ubwana wolemba ndakatulo wa.

Youth ndi unyamata

Mu 1828, Lermontov anayamba kuphunzira pa sukulu yogonera pa University Moscow. Kenako anapitiriza maphunziro ake ku dipatimenti mabuku a bungwe chimodzimodzi. Koma pamapeto pake anakakamizika kupereka izo chifukwa cha kukangana ndi lalikulu aphunzitsi reactionary. ntchito yake anali ndi chikaiko. Ndipo agogo anga analimbikira kuti mdzukulu wake analowa alonda sukulu alonda chilolezo ndi cadets apakavalo. Young Lermontov osati kwambiri ouziridwa ntchito ya usilikali, koma pa nthawi yomweyo, analota anamanganso zazikulu zimene anapanga ndi makolo ake, ngakhale mu mtima wake anadziwa kuti chabwino, izo chikuyembekezera nkhondo Caucasus.

Mu 1834 iye sukulu ndipo amapita kutumikira mphalasa mu Nizhny Novgorod Hussars. The ntchito choyamba, amene anaonekera kulisindikiza mu 1835, popanda kudziwa, anali ndakatulo "Haji Abrek".

Links ku Caucasus

ntchito Lermontov anali zambiri uneneri. Mu 1837 Yoswa A. S. Pushkinu ndakatulo wake fateful "Imfa ya ndakatulo" imene mlandu wa imfa ya mphamvu zonse waudindo mu Russia, kutsogozedwa ndi Tsar Nicholas I. Kenako ku ukapolo ku Caucasus. Patapita chaka anabwerera St. Petersburg, koma chifukwa cha duel ndi France Ernest de A Barant anatumanso ku Caucasus mu oyenda Regiment. Nkhondo, anasonyeza mtima kuposa kale lonse komanso kulimba mtima, koma mfumu palibe mphoto sananene konse. Lermontov ngakhale linasokonekera tchuthi ku St. Petersburg ndipo analamula masiku awiri kuti achoke mu mzindawo.

Atabwerera ku Regiment ndi, Lermontov mu Pyatigorsk anasiya kuchiritsa pang'ono, koma apo iye anali kukangana chotheka chifukwa kunyozedwa wake, mwina pa Natalia Solomonovna - mlongo Martynov omwe, ali kusukulu kusukulu ya usilikali, imene kumvwa angamvwe kukangana. Iye anaganiza kuti Lermontov anali mu chikondi ndi iye, ndipo khalidwe lake Mary mu "Hero Nthawi," anafotokoza kuti iye. July 15, 1841 anatenga malo duel. Lake M. Yu. Lermontov anaphedwa yomweyo N. S. Martynovym. Chipolopolo anapita mwa Iye kupyola mu mtima wake.

Zonsezi kanthawi mwapatsidwa ndi Mulungu, adalenga ntchito zimenezi zotchuka Lermontov, amene anakhala katswiri mabuku Russian moona. Izi ndi "Nyimbo ya Malonda Kalashnikov" ndi "watsopano" ndi "Chiwanda", komanso nambala yaikulu ndakatulo m'nyimbo, sewero "Masquerade" ndi buku wosafa "Hero Nthawi".

"Ashik Kerib"

ntchito Lermontov a "Ashik Kerib" analengedwa monga chikondi kum'maŵa nthano za chikondi. Bukuli lili ndi mabuku kukonzedwa Chiazebajani wowerengeka nthano, anamva ndakatulo mu ukapolo ku Caucasus. Izi ndi zabwino ndi kowala ntchito za chikondi cha ngwazi awiri achinyamata osauka Ashik Kerib ndi chibwenzi chake - mwana wa munthu wamalonda wolemera Magul-Mageri. Ashik Kerib chirichonse akhale olemera ndi kukwatiwa wake wokondedwa. Koma wanzeru ndi ndalama Magul-Mageri komanso sadzachitika pambali ndi kumuthandiza chinyengo awo aakazi. Chifukwa, iwo onse adzakhala osangalala pamodzi. Izi nthano wokongola wowerenga limodzi sanasiyidwa n'komwe.

"Hero Nthawi"

Buku "A Hero Nthawi" Lermontov analemba zaka 25, chaka aphedwe zomvetsa chisoni. buku wakhala analengedwa mu mawonekedwe a mabuku payekha, nkhani yochepa, essays kuyenda ndi zolemba tsikulo. Mlembi wa vumbulutso lalikulu anali chifanizo cha khalidwe waukulu. Mu buku la, interspersed mitu, mfundo zakale si kwambiri. Ntchito imavuta chifukwa chakuti mmenemo nkhani nkhani zitatu owerenga: oyendayenda Ofisala, Maksim Maksimych, ndipo potsiriza, mbali yaikulu - Grigory Pechorin. Image Pechorin mu mankhwala kuwuluridwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndi mawu a wakunjayo, kuzolowerana komanso mnzake wa ngwazi yekha. owerenga pang'onopang'ono kulowa mu kuwerenga maganizo a Pechorin. Choyamba kudzakhala chabe, ndiye kenako okha zofunikila pa kusanthula zakuya ndi kudzipenda. "Hero Nthawi" Lermontov koyamba mu 1840 ku St. Petersburg yofalitsa motsogozedwa Ili Glazunova.

"Kupalasa"

Ngakhale khalidwe zovuta ndiponso ankakangana, Lermontov - wofatsa chikondi pa mtima ndi wolenga wamkulu. Kukoma kuganiza pafupifupi ntchito za Lermontov. "Kupalasa" - mmodzi wa katswiri lake lalikulu, anasiya cholowa m'tsogolo. Iye analemba kunthunthumira wake moyo, womwenso pamphambano pamaso zochita fateful, ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndakatulo wamng'ono, zikuoneka kuti okonzekera chilichonse. Iye anali ndi zaka 17 zokha. Iye akanakhala Decembrist kapena chosintha, koma tsoka wakonzera iye ntchito ina.

Mwachidule kuchuluka tebulo Lermontov

ntchito Ana Lermontov

Mutu wa ubwana umaonekera angapo ntchito ndipo wakhala bwenzi la ntchito yake. ndakatulo ana a ndakatulo yotchuka modabwitsa wofatsa ndi m'nyimbo. Iwo ndi zina mtima wapadera ndi chikondi. Ana a ntchito Lermontov a Zina zazikulu ndakatulo monga "mwana", "Cossack lullaby", "Baby wokongola kubadwa" ndipo ena.

Kovuta kuti moyo Lermontov, koma ngakhale izi, ubwana wake ndipo onse "golide mvula" iye ankaona nthawi yosangalatsa kwambiri.

ntchito zonse Lermontov mawu a mabuku ndi wapadera ndi wapadera. Choncho, iwo chidwi ndi mbadwo uliwonse wa owerenga.