Likulu la Sicily. zokopa Photo

Pachilumba cha Sicily (Sicilia, Italy), ndi zowoneka ndi magombe kuti kukopa mamiliyoni alendo chaka chilichonse, anasonkhana pa dziko lawo zambiri mbiri ndi mapulani zipilala za nthawi zosiyana za chitukuko anthu. likulu lake amatchedwa Palermo. Za izo mwatsatanetsatane ndi Tikambirana zina.

General Kufotokozera za mzinda

Monga taonera, likulu la Sicily (Italy) - Palermo. m'mudzimo wina wa midzi wamkulu m'dziko lonselo. Ndi doko lalikulu kwambiri ku Italy, monga mwa mawu a anthu ali pamalo chachisanu mu boma. Makamaka, monga lero pano amakhala pafupi 655 000 okhala. Palermo ili pa gombe Mediterranean, mu gawo la kum'mawa la chilumbachi, pafupi ndi phiri la Pellegrino. Kumadzulo ndi wachinyamata. Pa yomweyo nyumba kuno kuli mtengo kwambiri poyerekeza ndi madera chapakati. Mzinda wonse angatchedwe wachisokonezo, phokoso ndi zokongola. Msikawu m'mlengalenga wapadera, ansangala, zomangamanga zokongola ndi chakudya chokoma.

Funso opatsa chidwi kwa apaulendo zonse kukaona kuti ndi Palermo (likulu la Sicily) - mmene angakwanitsire mzindawo kwambiri. Ndi yabwino kuchita pa ndege. Mwatsoka, flights mwachindunji kwa dziko lathu chilumba si anapereka. Choncho ndikofunikira kugwira ndi ndege ophatikizana kudzera Rome kapena Milan Venice.

Mbiri ya m'munsi ndi agonjetsi loyamba

Malinga ndi mbiri boma mbiri, mzinda linakhazikitsidwa ndi anthu a ku Foinike mu 734 BC. Poyamba anatcha dzina lake Efeso, amene anamasuliridwa kuti "maluwa". Chifukwa malo ake Hrs mofulumira anayamba malonda ndi malonda. Patapita anaonekera doko chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa waukulu oyimitsira la zombo Carthaginian. Zimenezi, mopitirira inapita patsogolo chitukuko. Popeza kubwera kuno ku 254, Aroma, mzindawo unakhala dengu la mkate weniweni wa ufumu. Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, icho sichinali nthawi yabwino ya moyo wake ndipo pang'ono ndi pang'ono anagwera mu kuwonongeka. Kuyambira zaka 535 analamulira Byzantines koma zinthu sanasinthe.

Arabic nthawi

M'zaka za m'ma, mzinda unawonongedwa ndi Saracens, amene yomweyo analengeza kuti Palermo - likulu la Sicily. Mbiri ya chitukuko, kwa mphindi ino, zitayang'ana wina kwathunthu. mzinda mwamsanga wabweza ulemerero pano ndi n'kukhala munthu wa Masitolo zofunika kwambiri onse a nyanja ya Mediterranean. Mu ulamuliro wa Saracens pano linamangidwa mizikiti zoposa 300. Pamodzi ndi ankhondowo osati anathamangitsa Akhristu, kapena Ayuda, kotero mbiri yakale kuitana nthawi imeneyi kulolerana. Ndi Aluya apa pakubwera umisiri watsopano ulimi wothirira. Ndiyeno panali dziko wotchuka minda zipatso.

Norman nyengo

Mu 1072 chilumba cha Sicily (kuphatikizapo likulu) anagwidwa ndi asilikali a Norman Mfumu Ruggero D'Altavilly. Maufumu atsopanowa anali ndi luso kwambiri ndi ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana. Komanso, iwo analola m'dera anthu Aaborijini kusunga chizindikiro chawo. Mu 1130 apo anakhazikitsidwa Ufumu wa Sicily, ndi likulu lake linali mzinda wa Palermo. Kamangidwe ka nthawi Norman, ndi kutsimikizira wina wa kusinthasintha kwambiri wa akulu a nthawi ino, miyambo ya m'deralo, chifukwa zogwirizana logwirizana ndi anasunga Roma, Byzantine, Arab ndi Norman mumaganiza latsopano.

Spanish nthawi

Mu 1266 mumzinda anapambana Karl Anzhuysky. Komabe, zaka khumi ndi zisanu kenako, anthu wamba anapandukira boma, mpaka pamene nkhondo. Zinatha zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, imene nthawi awonongedwe zonse French. Nditamaliza maphunziro anayamba nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Spain. 1618 chinali chiyambi cha ku Ulaya zaka makumi atatu nkhondo. Nthawiyi anali akumane ndi chilumba cha Sicily. Likulu, komanso midzi ina, anadwala msonkho waukulu, ndi kukula zinthu zokolola osauka kwambiri. Chifukwa, chidani cha Spanish anakula, chifukwa mu anabwera kugalukira wina mwa anthu akuderalo. Chifukwa, izo anali kusungunuka ndi Senate, ndipo anatsitsanso misonkho. Komabe, posachedwapa ndi Viceroy anabwerera ufulu wawo anayambitsa njira zokhwima poyerekezera ndi anthu a m'deralo.

Mu 1734, anagwira mphamvu pachilumbachi mwa oimira Bourbons lapansi. Mu zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, iwo anagwirizana Ufumu wa Naples ndi Sicily, kulalika za Ufumu wa Sicilies awiri.

Italy

Mu May 1860, pamodzi ndi chikwi odzipereka anafika pa chilumba Dzhuzeppe Garibaldi. M'masiku atatu okha mkanganowo aukali, mzinda linagonja ndipo anakhala gawo la United Italy. M'zaka lotsatira, nthawi zonse panali zipolowe, anapanduka ndi kupondereza anthu, imene anthu a pachilumbachi pang'onopang'ono ndikuzolowera kwa coexistence ufumu. Pa nthawi yomweyo panali otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse Sicilian Mafia, amene poyamba amapereka mphamvu ya wamba nzika.

Ngati pa Dziko Lonse Yoyamba, Palermo sanali anavulala, ndiye pamene likulu Wachiwiri World wa Sicily, iye chinaperekedwa kwa mabomba mobwerezabwereza za anagwirizana mphamvu. Pokhala pamene muli oposa 14 zikwi nzika ya m'deralo. Mu makumi asanu Mu zaka zapitazo, mzinda anakumana ndi funde la osamuka omwe anabwera kukafuna ntchito. Iwo analibe pogona pa nthawi iyi panali nyumba Boom pano, anapita mpaka mu mbiri monga "kugwa wa Palermo." Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, popeza anagwetsa zomangamanga wapadera ndi nyumba pa malo kumene kunali Mipikisano storey konkire nyumba ndi paki galimoto. Pa nthawi yomweyo pakati ambiri akhudzidwa anakhalabe mabwinja. Anthu wamba chinakwera ndi pafupifupi 20% m'zaka zimenezi.

General kufotokoza zokopa

Nthawi zina amatchedwa Palermo-aponyedwe pabwalo owonetsera zakale. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa apa pali 295 m'matchalitchi ndi mipingo, wachinayi umene unali kale mchitidwe umenewu. zipilala zimenezi monyadira onse Italy, makamaka okhala pachilumba cha Sicily. Zokopa (mbiri ya ena a iwo akubwerera pafupifupi zaka zikwi zitatu) zinalengedwa mchikakamizo a zikhalidwe zosiyana ndi Nthawi. Tikumbukenso kuti mzinda wapeza chithumwa zikomo ake ndi mawonekedwe chidwi: pali ziwiri zazikulu misewu m'deralo anakonza perpendicular kwa wina ndi mnzake intersect pa Square Kvantro Kanti, amene anaonekera m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri. Mwatsatanetsatane malo ofunika kwambiri a mumzindawu pansipa.

tchalitchi

Imodzi mwa chidwi chachikulu, chomwe chili ndi likulu la Sicily, chimaonedwabe Cathedral wa Palermo. zomangamanga ndi imodzi kundipatsa Arabic ndi Norman kalembedwe komanso Baroque ndi Gothic. Malinga ndi kafukufuku kuchitikira ndi chifukwa chakuti nyumbayo ankamangidwanso n'kuikonzanso kangapo. Komanso mwapadera, chinali pachiyambi pa tsamba ili mpingo Byzantine atatembenuzidwa m'zaka za m'ma ndi Aarabu kumsikiti. Pambuyo Norman anagonjetsa mumzinda anali opatulidwira polemekeza Virgin. M'zaka akhumi bishopu wamkulu m'deralo anamangidwira pano Cathedral, lomwe pa lotsatira zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, mobwerezabwereza anamanganso bwereza. chikuoneka panopa tingaphunzire mu 1801.

Mpingo wa La Martorana

Dzina lovomerezeka izi Palermo zokopa zikumveka ngati Mpingo wa Santa Maria del Ammiralo. Malowa ali pamtunda pa Bellini lalikulu ndi inamangidwa ndi Normandy m'nthawi akhumi. Maonekedwe a kachisiyu kakusintha mu mbiri kusintha zambiri. Lero kuti ali anapitiriza maonekedwe ake apachiyambi mkati mwa belu nsanja. Mkati mwa n'kodabwitsa ndi apadera ndi ulemerero. mawu enieni oyenera Norman-Byzantine Zithunzi zokongoletsera makoma ndi mzikiti. Kwa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, iwo anataya kuwala kwa mitundu. Zimenezi ndi chozizwitsa otchedwa ngakhale asayansi.

mphanga ya Capuchins

Ambiri enigmatic ndi zachinsinsi kukopeka, lomwe ndi likulu la Sicily, ankaona mphanga ya Capuchins. Iwo wakale kuikidwa pansi agulupa chomwecho. Chifukwa nyengo yapadera ya mapanga m'deralo, thupi la akufa m'manda mu nyengo ya ku chakhumi ndi chinayi m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, anapulumuka. Okwana ndiye, pali zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu Mitembo yokhala ndi anthu a magulu osiyanasiyana (amonke, ansembe, mabanja, olemera ndi ana). Ngakhale mphanga ili kunja kwa mzinda, mukhoza ngakhale kuno pa phazi. Malo awa chimodzi cha kopita alendo wotchuka kwambiri Palermo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, izo tikulimbikitsidwa kukaona yekha anthu kufuna kwambiri ndi misempha amphamvu.

Palace ya Normandy

mawu enieni ayenera Norman Palace. kupenya kwake koyamba kwa nyumbayi lophweka. Koma pamene ingested chidwi mwa iye zikusintha kwambiri. Izi atsegula mkati wapamwamba alendo. Ena mwa zipinda zasungidwa mtundu wapachiyambi, koma mbali yaikulu ya kulinga kwa nyengo Spanish anamangidwanso. Lero, pano akukhala nyumba yamalamulo m'deralo. Pa yosanja ndi Palatine Chapel, amene makoma chokongoletsedwa ndi Zithunzi wodzipereka kwa nzika za m'Baibulo. Ndi wodzaza ndi m'misili ndi Byzantine mu nthawi kuchokera akhumi m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu. Palibe ngati ichi sichingapezeke ngakhale mu Constantinople akachisi wakale.

mipingo ina yotchuka

Likulu la Sicily, Palermo ali Anthu angapo, mmodzi amene akuti ndi Mpingo wa San Giovanni del Eremitti anamangidwa mu 1142. Panopa, mukhoza kuona angapo yachifumu ndi achifumu sarcophagi, komanso amene ali m'manda zodzikongoletsera mafumu.

Mu mpingo wa St. Francis Assizkogo zambiri zosemasema. Panthawi zosiyanasiyana zinalengedwa mwa ojambula zithunzi ngati wotchuka ngati Giacomo Serpotta, Gagini banja, Francesco Laurana, Pietro Novelli ndi ena.

mpingo asilikali a inamangidwa 1143, nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Mfumu Roger II. dzina ichi walandira mogwirizana ndi zimene munamangidwa pa ndalama za asilikali Georga Antiohiyskogo. Kuliganizira pano ndi chiphatikizo wapadera zotsalira pakati pawo - kum'tanthauzira wakale ndi fano lake.

A Mfundo yeniyeni ya Sicilian Baroque angatchedwe kachisi Yesu, amene yomanga inayamba mu 1590. Mu 1636 iye anali wodzipereka ndi 1892 - anali kupereka udindo wa chipilala dziko.

malo zina zosangalatsa

Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, likulu la Sicily, anatchuka osati kwa akachisi ake ndi nyumba za mafumu. Pali zina zambiri malo osangalatsa amene anthu amawakonda padziko lonse. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1555 anatsegula kasupe Pretoria anamanga Florence Mannerist Francesco Kamilyani. Payokha ndi zikuchokera chomwe mndandanda wa m'madamu, zimasiyanasiyana kukula. Amacheza ndi zifaniziro nsangalabwi la nthano, mizukwa wosangalatsa, nyama ndi zilembo m'nthano.

Anthu amene akufuna kupuma ku zipilala lalikulu ndi zomangamanga angathe kupita kukaona Botanical Garden, amene gawo gulu lapadera la zomera, lomwe ndi nthumwi za mayiko onse. Okwana pali pali pafupifupi 12 zikwi mayunitsi.

Monga madera ena ambiri Italy, Sicily ndi osiyana Chikondi chachikulu m'deralo kwa Opera National. N'zosadabwitsa kuti pali 21 zisudzo. Yotchuka kwambiri ndi zazikulu pakati pawo inamangidwa mu 1897 "Teatro Massimo". Ndi bungwe lalikulu kwambiri mtundu uwu sewero Europe ndi zowulutsira kwambiri, pamene malo mpaka oonera zikwi zitatu.

Mwachidule, longosolani zowoneka zonse za mzindawo, sangakhale - iwo basi ayenera kuona kamodzi pa moyo wawo.

pogwiritsa Sicilian

Ngakhale n'zofunika kwambiri ndi chidwi alendo ku Palermo, pali zina zosangalatsa ndi ofunika kuyendera malo pachilumba cha Sicily. m'matauni achisangalalo, malo osangalatsa omwe, ngati likulu, sangachoke osayanjanitsika ngakhale apaulendo chipangizo, kufalitsa zonse m'mphepete.

Agridzhetto ndi achisangalalo yaikulu pa gombe Mediterranean. mzinda wotchuka osati mu akasupe ikukhudzana komanso wokongola magombe mchenga. Pamafunikanso zilumba zitatu Pelagiyskih zimene zimakopa okonda malo apadera, Kuyenda, nsomba ndi pamadzi.

Kugombe la kum'mawa kwa chilumbachi akutambasula Catania, akukhatira ndi Ionian Sea. kukopa Aika imatengedwa Mzere wa magombe anapangidwa kuchokera mchenga chiphala. m'litali ndi makilomita asanu ndi anayi.

The achisangalalo waukulu Taormina onse chilumba lili m'chigawo cha Messina nasamba ndi madzi a Tyrrhenian ndi nyanja Ionian. Dera anatchuka chifukwa magombe ake, wotchuka kwambiri wa wotchedwa Spiaggia Sabbia-Nere. Analemba kwathunthu cha wakuda chiphala mchenga.

Other pogwiritsa otchuka amaonedwa Siracusa ndi Ragusa.