Limited-Pepala masiyanidwe: mmene ntchito?

Mawu akuti "masiyanidwe loko" kapena "yochepa Pepala masiyanidwe" (samoblok), anamva ziziyenda ambiri, koma momwe ndondomeko amaoneka ngati kuchita okha wodziwa ochepa. Ndipo ngati pamaso pa "njira" automakers kuti zida makamaka SUVs, tsopano angapezeke ndipo mzinda galimoto. Komanso, nthawi zambiri eni magalimoto osati okonzeka ndi samoblokami, pozindikira ubwino iwo kubweretsa, kukhazikitsa iwo nokha.

Koma ife tisanati kuthana ndi ntchito ya yochepa Pepala masiyanidwe, m'pofunika kumvetsa mmene umagwira ntchito popanda kutsekereza.

ndi masiyanidwe Kodi

Masiyanidwe (diff) Tikhoza kunena kuti ndi umodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu za kamangidwe galimoto drivetrain. Atatero, pali kusintha, kusintha ndi kufalitsa injini makokedwe outputted pakati awiri ogula: mawilo ili olamulira limodzi la makina kapena pakati axles ake. Komanso mphamvu anagawira mphamvu otaya angakhale osiyana ngati kuli kofunika, motero liwiro la mawilo - osiyana.

Kufala galimoto masiyanidwe akhoza kuyika: a nyumba kumbuyo chitsulo chogwira matayala, mphaka Tikanena kutengerapo, malingana ndi chipangizo pagalimoto (s).

Anthu diffs, amene wokwera pa mlatho kapena PPC, wotchedwa interwheel, ndi limene lili pakati pa nkhwangwa ya makina, motero - ACD.

cholinga masiyanidwe

Monga ziri zodziwika bwino, galimoto pamene galimoto amachita ayendetsa zosiyanasiyana: ankasinthana akonzenso, zikuwachitikira, etc. Komanso, pamwamba msewu anyamula monyanyira, kutanthauza kuti mawilo galimoto zoopseza, pa wina ndi nthawi yomweyo mungathe .. pochitika mtunda osiyana. Choncho Mwachitsanzo, pamene cornering, ngati liwiro la mawilo pa chitsulo chogwira matayala zidzakhala chomwecho, mmodzi mwa iwo adzakhala zivute zitani kuzembera, chifukwa mu inapita avale a matayala. Koma izi si koipa. zikuipiraipirabe n'chakuti galimoto yafupika akuchitira kwambiri.

Kuti ndi kuthetsa mavuto amenewa ndipo anabwera ndi masiyanidwe - ndi njira zimene redistribute mphamvu akubwera kuchokera injini, pakati axles galimoto malinga ndi mtengo wa kulimbikira anagubuduza: ang'onoang'ono ndi m'pamenenso gudumu liwiro, ndi mosemphanitsa.

The masiyanidwe

Lero, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya diff, ndi chipangizo ndi m'malo zovuta. Komabe, mfundo ndi ntchito mofanana lonse, kotero kudzakhala kosavuta kuti amvetse kuganizira mtundu losavuta - ndi masiyanidwe lotseguka, chomwe ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Magiya wokwera pa chitsulo chogwira matayala kutsinde.
2. Mphero (mphete) zida, cholinga monga phirilo truncated.
3. Pinion kuliika pa mapeto a kutsinde galimoto, amene pamodzi ndi mphete ndipamene kufala chachikulu. Popeza zida lotengeka ndi zazikulu kutsogolera otsiriza adzakhala ndi kupanga ankasinthana ochepa nguli pamaso koronayu ndi chimodzi chokha. Choncho, awa awiri mchitidwe masiyanidwe amachepetsa chiwerengero cha mphamvu (liwiro), kenako umalandira mawilo.
4. Makina, zomwe ndi dziko zida limagwirira kuti akuchita mbali yofunika kwambiri potipatsa kusiyana zofunika mu liwiro gudumu.
5. Nyumba.

Kodi masiyanidwe

Pa molunjika galimoto lake theka-olamulira, kutanthauza kuti mawilo atembenuza pa liwiro monga kutsinde galimoto ndi zida zake helical. Koma pamene akusandulika katundu pa gudumu amakhala osiyana (mmodzi wa iwo akuyesera kuti sapota mofulumira), ndi chifukwa kusiyana osachita makina. Tsopano, mphamvu injini umadutsa iwo, komanso nsapato ndi nthambi - awiri osiyana, palokha zida, ndiye kuwapereka kwa semiaxes osiyana waukulu liwiro. Choncho, magetsi opangidwa ndi injini ndi anagawira pakati pa mawilo, koma omangidwa, ndipo malingana ndi katundu kuchita iwo: chimene chimachititsa pa utali wozungulira lakunja zinachitikira zochepa anagubuduza kukana, kotero masiyanidwe transmits kuti mphamvu zambiri, kuluka mofulumira.

kusiyana ndi mmene mtanda chitsulo chogwira matayala ndi yapakati-chitsulo chogwira matayala masiyanidwe, pali: mfundo ya ntchito ndi ofanana, koma akwatiwe mwa yoyamba, kufalitsa makokedwe walangizidwa olamulira a galimoto, pamene lachiwiri - kwa mawilo a pa chitsulo chogwira matayala chomwecho.

Chosowa cha masiyanidwe interaxle amakhala makamaka noticeable pa kayendedwe ka makina mtunda akhakula pamene ake kulemera amayikanikiza pa chitsulo chogwira matayala, ndilo poyerekeza ndi zina, mwachitsanzo, m'mwamba kapena pansi n'kubereka.

vuto masiyanidwe

Ngakhale kuti masiyanidwe adzasewera ndi udindo waukulu ku kamangidwe ka galimoto, ntchito yake zina kumaonjezera mavuto kwa dalaivala. Ndicho, pamene gudumu wina ali pa gawo poterera msewu (uve, ayezi kapena chisanu), winayo ili pansi mwamphamvu, wayamba kumva katundu chinawonjezeka, diff akuyesa kukonza ichi, injini lambiri mphamvu yogwedeza gudumu. Choncho zikuoneka kuti itagwa kasinthasintha pazipita, pamene ena, kugwira zolimba pansi, chabe amakhalabe n'kupuma.

Ndi chifukwa cha yankho la mavuto awa kupangidwa loko (kuletsa) ndi masiyanidwe.

Letsani mfundo ndi mitundu yake

Kumvetsa mfundo za masiyanidwe a, tinganene kuti ngati inu ndigwire icho, icho kuonjezera makokedwe pa gudumu kapena chitsulo chogwira matayala kuti ali nsinga bwino. Izi zikhoza kuchitika pamene inu kuphatikiza ndi thupi la mmodzi wa awiriwo theka nkhwangwa, kapena kuletsa kasinthasintha wa Kanema wa.

Loko akhoza kukhala wangwiro - monga mbali ya masiyanidwe a ogwirizana sankalimbana nafe. Aliyense ikuchitika kudzera mwa galu zowalamulira ndi umalamulidwa ndi dalaivala kupyolera actuator wapadera kwa zashuga galimoto. Kapena n'kutheka tsankho, zimene zinachitikira mawilo imafalikira yekha khama zochepa - kotero akuthamanga yochepa Pepala masiyanidwe, zomwe anthu okhudzidwa chofunika.

Kodi yochepa Pepala masiyanidwe

Self-potseka masiyanidwe, kwenikweni akuimira kukondera pakati okwana ndi ufulu chipika Diffie ndipo kumachepetsa Pepala magudumu a makina likhoza kusiyana pakati pa iwo mu koyefishienti wa lumikiza pansi. Choncho kwambiri bwino matulukidwe, kuchokera msewu akuchitira, ndipo mathamangitsidwe zazikulu galimoto, mosaganizira za khalidwe msewu.

Samoblok amakonda zonse gudumu loko amateteza hafu ya mzere wa katundu yovuta kumene kungachitike mu differentials ndi shutdown yaukapolo.

Logwirana ndi theka-basi bwererani ngati lamulo rectilinear liwiro gudumu ndi angaimbidwenso.

Mitundu yofala samoblokov

Chimbale samoblok - akonzedwa a mikangano (akusisita) mbale wokwera pakati pa nyumba Diffie ndi magiya mbali.

Kumvetsa mmene ntchito ndi unit masiyanidwe, n'zosavuta: monga makina umayenda mu mzere woongoka, ndi nyumba Diffie ndi semiaxes awiri swirling pamodzi mwamsanga pamene pali kusiyana kwa imathamanga kasinthasintha (gudumu nawo mbali poterera) pakati pa mbale mikangano zikachitika, kuchepetsa. Ndiko kuti, gudumu otsala pansi molimba, adzapitiriza atembenuza ndi sadzaleka, monga pa nkhani ya ufulu masiyanidwe.

Viscous lumikiza, kapena viscous lumikiza, komanso diff yapita lili awiri chimbale akonzedwa, kokha nthawi imeneyi perforated anakhazikitsa pakati pawo ndi kusiyana yaing'ono. Mmodzi wa mbale ali ndi nsinga ndi nyumba, ndi zina - ndi kutsinde pagalimoto.

zimbale The anayikidwa mu chidebe wodzazidwa ndi silikoni madzimadzi, limene kwa yunifolomu kasinthasintha zace amakhalabe sichinasinthe. Pamene yapakati-paketi zikuoneka kusiyana mu liwiro, madzi akuyamba thicken mofulumira ndi mwamphamvu. Pakati pamalo perforated kukana kutero. phukusi kwambiri untwist Choncho braked ndi liwiro kasinthasintha limagwirizana.

A zida (helical, nyongolotsi) samoblok. ntchito mogwirizana luso awiri nyongolotsi riving ndipo potero ndigwire theka mzere likhoza iwo kusiyana makokedwe.

Kamera samoblok. Kumvetsa mmene masiyanidwe a mtundu kupereka masiyanidwe mokwanira lotseguka, imene mmalo mwa mapulaneti zida limagwirira wokwera magiya (kamera) cha awiri. The cams ali zimayenda (kulumpha) pamene gudumu imathamanga ali pafupifupi zofanana ndi sankalimbana nafe zokhoma (wedged) mwamsanga monga ena a iwo wayamba kutayika.

kusiyana ndi mmene loko pakati masiyanidwe ndi mtanda chitsulo chogwira matayala, palibe - opareshoni ali yemweyo, anasiyana okha mfundo yomaliza yoyamba - milatho awiri, lachiwiri - matayala wokwera pa olamulira chomwecho.

Kukonda dziko lako "Niva" ndi differentials ake

Mu mzere wa m'banja Vaz "Niva" ali ndi malo apadera: mosiyana awo "abale" pazimalamba zozungulira, makina ali okonzeka ndi zinayi gudumu galimoto si wazimitsa.

Mu kufala vazovskaya SUV atatu masiyanidwe: mtanda chitsulo chogwira matayala - uliwonse mlatho, ndi interaxle - mu razdatke. Ngakhale ambiri, kumvetsa momwe ntchito ya differentials pa "Cornfield" Sikuti. Onse monga momwe tafotokozazi. Ndiko kuti, pamene owongoka mzere kayendedwe ka makina, pakalibe probuksovok mawilo, samatha pakati wogawana anagawira ndipo ali mtengo chomwecho. Pamene ena magudumu wayamba kuzembera, mphamvu yonse ya injini, kudutsa diffs, izo anatumiza kumuyendetsa izi.

Zungulira differentials "Niva"

Tisanafotokoze kulankhula za mmene ntchito loko masiyanidwe pa "Cornfield", tiyenera kuona chinthu chimodzi, ndicho kufotokozera ntchito za kutsogolo (zing'onozing'ono) kusamalira nkhani kutengerapo.

Ena madalaivala amakhulupirira kuti mothandizidwa ndi makina yoyendetsedwa kutsogolo-gudumu galimoto - si choncho: kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo-gudumu galimoto mu "Niva" wakhala nawo, ndi khola ili ikuchitika masiyanidwe ulamuliro kangachepe. Mpaka izo waikidwa mu "patsogolo" udindo, masiyanidwe ikugwira ntchito bwinobwino, ndipo pamene "kumbuyo" - olumala.

Tsopano mwachindunji kutsekereza: pamene kuzimitsa migodi la mlanduwo masiyanidwe kutengerapo pakati pa malaya chatsekedwa, potero mokakamiza aligning kasinthasintha liwiro awo, i.e. liwiro kuphatikiza ndi magudumu a chitsulo chogwira matayala kutsogolo ndi wofanana okwana zida iwowo. Kufalitsa akupezeka adaponya malangizo kukaniza wamkulu. Tiyerekeze kumbuyo gudumu Timitengo, ngati Mutembenuka loko, samatha amapita ku chitsulo chogwira matayala kutsogolo, magudumu amene anatambasula galimoto, koma ngati nthawi yomweyo zabuksuet kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo gudumu, ndiye paokha "Niva" salinso akutsikira.

Popewa izi zisachitike, ziziyenda mu milatho anapereka samobloki kuthandiza kukoka makina othinana. Pakali pano, wotchuka kwambiri pakati eni "Niva" ndi masiyanidwe Nesterov.

Samoblok Nesterov

Umo ndi momwe masiyanidwe Nesterov, ndipo pali chinsinsi cha kutchuka kwake.

Difa kapangidwe amalola osati kuti optimally kusintha mathamangidwe okhota mawilo makina posankha ayendetsa, koma mu nkhani ya probuksovok kapena ikulendewera gudumu wagawo zimamuthandiza kuchuluka kochepa mphamvu injini. Ndipo samobloka poyankha kusintha msewuwo yomweyo. Komanso, Nesterova masiyanidwe kwambiri bwino makina kulamulira, ngakhale pa ankasinthana poterera, timapitiriza galimoto bata, galimoto mphamvu mathamangitsidwe (makamaka yozizira), kumachepetsa mafuta. A chipangizo unsembe sikutanthauza kusintha kulikonse kwa kamangidwe ka HIV ndipo amayikidwa mu njira yomweyo monga masiyanidwe tingachipeze powerenga.

masiyanidwe wakhala ntchito osati luso magalimoto, iwo anali kukhala zothandiza kwambiri ndi tillers, kungathandize kwambiri atsogolere moyo wa eni akewo.

Masiyanidwe kwa motoblock

Kuyenda kumbuyo thirakitara - unit lolemera ndithu, ndi amangoyatsa kumafuna khama, ndi pa osasamba okhota gudumu liwiro kumakhaladi ngakhale kovuta. Choncho, eni makina amenewa ngati diffs anali sanakuoneretu poyamba kupanga, kugula ndi kukhazikitsa iwo nokha.

Kodi masiyanidwe motoblock? Ndipotu anapereka n'kuyamba zosavuta za makina, kuima imodzi mawilo.

Ntchito yake zina zili zosatheka kugwirizana ndi kusokonekera kwa mphamvu - ndi kuonjezera gudumu m'munsi. masiyanidwe kapangidwe amapereka ntchito yake monga mbali ya nkhwangwa, zomwe zimachititsa kuyenda-kumbuyo thirakitala zambiri agile ndi kugonjetsedwa monyang'ama pa, makamaka pamene cornering.

Mwachidule, ndi masiyanidwe - chinachake kwambiri ndi singasiyanitsidwe ndi loko ake pa nthawi kumawonjezera permeability galimoto.