Lingaliro la malamulo la Electoral Commission ndi dongosolo la masankho a Federation ndi Russian

Lero, ndi ufulu kuvota ndi chimodzi mwa ufulu wofunika kwambiri nzika za la Russia anatsimikizira lamulo ladziko. Ichi ndi maziko a voti ufulu anthu, zomwe mwina paokha pofuna kusokoneza boma.

Akamanena za chodabwitsa ndi

Lingaliro yamakono ya malamulo la Electoral Commission ndipo ndi poyela Russia wakhala anakonza mu 1994 Chilamulo "Pa ukutitsimikizira zikuluzikulu za ufulu wa ndale wa ku Russia." chikalata ichi chakhala chikhomo. Iye anatsimikiza malangizo onse wotsatira wa chitukuko cha dongosolo Russian ndale tsiku.

Lingaliro la malamulo la Electoral Commission ndi dongosolo la masankho anauika m'ma 1990s. Ndiye chisankho inachitika kwa nthawi yoyamba mtundu watsopano (boma Duma wa convocation chachiwiri ndi pulezidenti wa charo). Iwo anayamba ntchito khola la nyumba yamalamulo ndi. Mu 1995-1996. m'madera ambiri a Russia, woyamba ambiri chisankho cha wowatsatila, atsogoleri a mizinda yambiri, abwanamkubwa, ndi zina zotero. d.

Chimadzera m'chilamulo feduro kukhala weniweni demokalase maziko thandizo gulu la chisankho - chilungamo, olengeza, chilungamo ntchito zonse zokhudzana ndi ndondomeko. Lingaliro la malamulo la Electoral Commission ndi dongosolo la masankho mu Russia zikuphatikizapo dongosolo la mabungwe chisankho. Kuti akhoza kuthana ndi sanali muyezo ndi zovuta ntchito kugwirizana ndi yokonza ndi kugwiritsa chisankho demokalase ndi mpikisano. Commission - wothira mafuta chida cha ufulu masankho a nzika za la Russia.

lamulo chisankho

Mu 1995, ntchito yokulirapo pa yokonza malamulo atsopano pa chisankho cha aphungu anyumba yamalamulo unachitikira. Kuyambira pamenepo, akupanga revisions angapo, koma chofunikira ake akanali yemweyo. Kodi m'dera lino zooneka ndi ufulu kuti azivota? Lingaliro, mfundo ndi dongosolo anatengedwa ndi democracies Western ngakhale zakale boma chikominisi. Ngakhale kuti dziko la Soviet mwakuwoneka anali misampha yonse ya demokalase, koma kwenikweni anali TV, omwe analola gulu limodzi popanda mavuto kutsata ndondomeko wakutsikira ku Politburo.

The yachilendo ya malamulo la Electoral Commission ndi dongosolo la masankho secures kwa nzika kuti mwakufuna posankha nthumwi mu nyumba ya malamulo. Iwo anatsimikizira dongosolo multiparty, amene anaonekera pambuyo kugwa kwa ulamuliro wankhanza wa Party Communist. Pa nthawi yomweyo, nyumba yamalamulo feduro unakhazikitsidwa 5 peresenti chotchinga. Maphwando afuna kulowa State Duma, anali yosankha nambala kofunika mavoti zimenezo.

Okwana latsopano yamalamulo 450 ziwanga anaonekera. Mu chisankho adziwitse mu 2016 theka la akuluakulu a kudzayesedwa mndandanda phwando. mbali ina ya akuluakulu osankhidwa mu siyana osakwatiwa-lamulo. m'gawo Russian wapangidwa 225 mabungwe awa malo. Kotero mu State Duma kuimira osati gulu komanso zinthu dera.

lamulo la boma

Chikhulupiriro chamakono cha dongosolo la masankho ndi ufulu visankho la Chitaganya cha Russia uli mbali ziwiri: malamulo a ndale malamulo ndi anzake. kusiyana chawo n'chiyani? M'njira ofunda, ndi Russian masankho lamulo - ndi codification wa zodzitetezera mwalamulo ndi zinthu mapangidwe ufulu ndale. mtengo wake ndi mkulu umabweretsa ndithu ubale pakati pa anthu a dziko ndi boma. Lamulo lachisanko amakhazikitsa malire a kusokonezedwa boma mu moyo wa anthu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, malamulo kuteteza boma ku encroachments kuyan'anila za nzika wamba, amene safuna kugwiritsa ntchito zida yovomerezeka kulimbana ndale.

chisankho mfundo othandiza ndi machitidwe masankho a ndale mfundo ndi malamulo a view, izi: a Directory za ntchito za ufulu umene ali wofunikila zisudzo ndi nawo mbali masankho pa nthawi ya chipembedzo chake ndi makhalidwe. Popanda zinthu zimenezi n'zosatheka kuyerekeza demokalase ano. Choncho, chifukwa kusintha yovomerezeka mphamvu n'kofunika kwambiri kuzindikira mu malamulo chiphunzitso cha ufulu kuvota ndi dongosolo la masankho la Chitaganya cha Russia. Amatanthauzanji zochita za bungwe ndi khalidwe la chisankho? Momwe izo ziriri, chifukwa mwa iwo ndi mphamvu opatsirana ndi zinazake.

Yoyenera kuvota - komanso ndi nthambi lamulo la boma. Izo n'zogwirizana ndi zandale. Komabe, ufulu kuti azivota yekha amakhudza mbali yaing'ono ya zochitikazo chisankho. Pali zinthu zina, akamanena za Yehova amene akambidwa mu Constitution.

Mitundu ya othandiza

Mu sayansi malamulo lamanja lagawidwa cholinga ndi zotengera malingaliridwe. Chigawo Zimenezi zikukhudza aliyense wa mtundu uliwonse. Ubale pakati pa zotengera malingaliridwe ndi lamulo chisankho - ichi ndi chiŵerengero pakati zili ndi maonekedwe a anthu pomwe ndale. Iwo n'zogwirizana.

lamulo chisankho - ichi ndi gwero la othandiza zotengera malingaliridwe. Amakhala angapo malamulo malamulo amene amaonetsera udindo ndi ntchito gulu chisankho pa aliyense wa magawo awo. Zotengera malingaliridwe ufulu kuti azivota - Ichi ndi ufulu wa nzika za ku nawo ndondomeko za visola. Kwa iye, pali zofooka - muyezo zaka ndi lamulo la nzika. Ngakhale ufulu kuti azivota pa Russian anali mu nyengo ya Soviet, kusankha zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi chitsanzo chamakono ndi sinali yofanana ndi ndondomeko lero visola.

chidaliro nzika '

Lero, mfundo dongosolo, magwero a othandiza chimafotokozera malamulo malamulo unakhazikitsidwa malamulo. Ndi nthawi zisankho za ndale, amene nawonso, kupanga boma lovomerezeka. N'chifukwa chake m'dera ili la chilamulo n'kofunika kwambiri n'chakuti chidaliro kwa nzika zonse. Popanda chikhulupiliro okhala m'dziko kulondola kwa dongosolo sangathe udzakhazikitsidwa ndi demokalase chikhalidwe ndale. The chiŵerengero cha mfundo ya "ufulu kuti azivota", "poyela" ndi mawu ena malamulo ndi tanthauzo ngati palibe kuzindikira boma m'dziko lapansi. Zida Democratic ntchito kokha m'mayiko anthu amaona gwero la mphamvu.

Kuyambira kugwa kwa USSR, Russia zayamba ndi kusiyana latsopano chikhalidwe ndale, zomwe cholinga chake ndi kupereka okhala chidaliro dziko wofunika zawo zandale. Izi zachitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana: kupyolera maphunziro a mibadwo wamng'ono, komanso chisankho watsopano, referenda, mu kafukufuku phwando.

zenizeni Russian

Kuti anthu athe kutenga zoonanso pa boma la Russia, iye anali kupita kupyola lothandiza lonse chitukuko mavuto. Kuti izo akhoza zimachitika kukana cholowa chikominisi, komanso nkhondo pakati pa Mutu wa boma ndipo yamalamulo mu 1993. Zosemphana kuti ife anakumana zofuna za wamkulu ndi nthambi malamulo a boma. Pomaliza, izo zinatha mwazi ku Moscow ndi mafelemu wotchuka telehroniki shelling ya White House. Koma anali zinthuzo October dziko anatengera malamulo atsopano omwe malamulo okhazikika lamulo visola. Nzika ndi ufulu wonena maganizo awo ku dziko chikalata chachikulu pa referendum ambiri, umene unali chizindikiro zofunika patsogolo ndale la Russia.

Lingaliro la malamulo la Electoral Commission ndi dongosolo la masankho Akuluakulu a ku Russia anafika pamodzi ndi mbali zina zofunika za boma latsopano. Kudulidwa zoyamba za mphamvu ndi udindo wakhala atathana njira zothetsera awo okhala m'dzikolo. Lero, ndi ufulu kuvota ndi ka masankho ofuna ndi ntchito yofunika. Iwo momveka bwino mumpanda chikhalidwe cha mphamvu ndi mphamvu yake chikhalidwe. Ndi monga wa lamulo masankho mu dziko angathe kudziwa chenicheni, osati ananena ndi chikhalidwe cha mphamvu. Izi chizindikiro cha boma mabungwe, malamulo, mfundo ndi chilungamo cha anthu a.

Chikhalidwe wapawiri

Pali makhalidwe awiri ofunika kuti chifupikitso cha ufulu kuti azivota. Lingaliro, mfundo ndi dongosolo la zochitika zimenezi zimasonyeza ngati pali yovomerezeka chida kusintha mphamvu. Zonse kasinthasintha mu zida boma wakhala ndipo adzakhala ndi khalidwe zofunika wa demokalase. Ndipo bwino kokha zikugwira ntchito othandiza akhoza kupereka izo nthawi zonse.

Chinthu china chofunika - kwambiri magwero otchuka. umisiri kusankhidwa ndi zosintha awo ndi zofunika kuti kusonkhanitsa zidutswa anamwazikana ulamuliro wa anthu ndi kugaŵirako oimira ake osankhidwa. Chonyamulira mphamvu ndi nzika iliyonse. Limodzi, anthu akhoza kuonetsetsa ulamuliro anaupereka iwo, pakati owayimilira osankhidwa. Choncho amabadwa (ndiye m'malo ndi) andale onse bungweli mphamvu.

Othandiza (Lingaliro mfundo dongosolo, magwero ndi nkhani yathu) amayendetsera ntchito chuma chamtengo wapatali. Ndi nthawi mphamvu, njira ya ntchito ndi vesting mu utawaleza chachikulu ndi malo onse. Khalidwe la bwino kuvota ndi ziwiri. Pa dzanja limodzi, m'pofunika kuti kubalana wabwinobwino wa wamkulu osankhidwa ndi mabungwe malamulo. Pa zina, iyenera yokha kuteteza boma Mwachitsanzo, amanena kuti okhawo ufulu wake kugwiritsa ntchito mabungwe a mphamvu mu magulu osiyana mitundu ndi zipembedzo, ndale ndiponso malamulo.

umisiri chisankho

umisiri kusankha ntchito yofunika kusintha zinthu ubale mkati boma ndi kusintha demokalase mitundu yamakono ya boma. Ndi chiyani icho? Zikuphatikizapo ndondomeko ndi malamulo amene kumanga boma ndi udindo kwa anthu, limene ndi kusakhulupirika ndi mfundo za kosangalatsa zodziwitsa ndi kasinthasintha.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri limagwirira demokalase chitukuko mabungwe kuti kuonetsetsa bungwe ndi khalidwe la chisankho ndi referendums. kufunika sangathe kukambapo. Electoral demokalase - ndi kugwirizana chachikulu kusintha ndondomeko ya boma chipani chimodzi chokha. Chimakhala chiyambi zikhalidwe, malamulo ndi ndale chifukwa kusintha kwa lachitsanzo loyang'anira boma kutsegula lodzilamulira, wopikisana ndi zochokera ufulu wa nzika zina.

Yoyenera kuvota ndi Constitution

Nkhani zofunika kwambiri chilichonse chokhudzana ndi chisankho, akhala ku Russia Constitution. Ndi kuyamika dziko lake, pali Zisankho zochitika momasuka ndi referenda. Komanso, pepala uyu anayambitsa mawu zatsopano lotanthauzira mawu a. chiphunzitso cha "thupi masankho" chifukwa malamulo a dziko la chinenero cha Chirasha.

Ichi ndi chinthu ofunika. Kapangidwe ka chisankho chikuphatikizapo ufulu kuti azivota (ya ufulu wa ndale ndi ntchito nzika), malamulo (magwero malamulo a chilamulo). Zida zifunika kusintha zikuluzikulu dziko. Komanso, yolimbirana dongosolo makamaka masankho ndi ufulu kuti azivota ndi chimodzi mwa zolinga otchuka ntchito boma.

Chifukwa cha Constitution wayamba ndipo ikupitirizabe poyamba Mwachidule ndondomeko si zoonekeratu. Kampani wosiyana boma ndi kukhala nzika zonse kunachitika ubale ndale, wophunzira weniweni wa wandale, injini kutembenuka ndi zamoyo wa mabungwe a mphamvu.

Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution la kusintha zofunika zachitika. Tsopano aliyense ndale amene anadza kwa mphamvu, ali kuonedwa kuti zinthu masankho demokalase, makamaka ngati akufuna kusunga mphamvu zake. Pali zina dongosolo oyendetsera dziko zidzayambitsa patsogolo mabungwe demokalase. Only monga mwa lamulo lenileni la dziko pali yovomerezeka kubalana boma, kasinthasintha, kutengerapo ndi rearrangement wa wamkulu ndi ntchito malamulo kumagulu zosiyanasiyana chidwi ndi mphamvu. Choncho, popanda Constitution lero, zingakhale sikuthandiza chiphunzitso cha othandiza ndi poyela. alionse akhoza kusinthidwa ngati m'njira kuti analola lamulo lalikulu la dziko.

chisankho Democratic anali njira yokha lichotse mobisa ndi zizindikiro zina ndi anthu opondereza chibadidwe m'nthawi ya Soviet Union. Kwa nthawi yoyamba pambuyo chete yaitali mu 90s anthu poyera kulengeza zofuna zawo. Khalani zasonyeza kuti iwo ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi weniweni umene opambana Soviet boma.

tsogolo othandiza

Ngakhale kuti mfundo la chilamulo masankho ndi dongosolo la masankho mu dziko lathu sanasinthe kwa zaka zoposa makumi awiri, mbali zina za ndondomeko za visola akupitiriza kusintha tsopano. demokalase Russian ndi wachinyamata. Iye akadali kufunafuna maganizo chosankhika cha dongosolo masankho ndi lamulo visola. Ankayembekezera pa ndondomeko ya kusintha, ndale malamulo kusintha latsopano la Russia kumachitika vuto la kufanana ndi munthawi yomweyo apeze dongosolo latsopano la boma.

Kumangidwa malamulo a ophatikizana mbali ziwiri - zomveka-malamulo ndi umoyo ndale. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuwongolera kachitidwe ka mphamvu pagulu ndipo anathandiza mode kukhazikika kwake, ndi kupitiriza ndi kupitiriza. Mu Russia, yomwe ili mu gawo Transitional chitukuko, anthu ambiri sakumvetsabe kukhulupirira demokalase womuimira. Part wa dera kuyesera kuti azikhala alibe ndi boma, osati kupita chisankho.

Kugonjetsa mfundo izi wa kupatuka mwagwirizana ndi kukhulupirirana kufunika demokalase Russian wakhala ngakhale zosavuta. Lingaliro la dongosolo masankho ndi lamulo masankho si bwino kwa anthu ambiri, ndi kuchita nawo chisankho, iwo amachepa achilungamo yotsirizira sali choncho zosiyanasiyana mmadera. Izi ndi vuto demokalase achinyamata. Kuthandiza pa chisankho chili chofunika kuti anthu watero awo andale kuzindikira kufunika njira zawo za moyo wa dziko. Kubwera m'derali, nzika ndiye mutu wa boma.