Liwilo zitsulo. katundu ndi gulu

Masiku ano, mkulu-liwiro zitsulo akupitiriza nkhani kutsogolera kwa kupanga nozzles zina zachitsulo ndi munthu kudula chida. kasakaniza wazitsulo oterowo samasowa mu kupanga macheka makina, akufa pochita, ndipo akufa pochita ntchito mitu. Ngakhale kuwonekera tsopano zosiyanasiyana mitundu yonse ya carbide umalimbikitsidwa ndi zipangizo ceramic gulu kupereka ngakhale kwambiri processing ntchito, mkulu-liwiro chida steels mwamphamvu udindo wawo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kasakaniza wazitsulo amenewa kwa kupanga zida zovuta yodula chifukwa osakaniza imene mkulu mphamvu (mpaka 68 HRC) ndi matenthedwe bata (iwo Musataye katundu wawo ntchito ngakhale pa kutentha 650 ° C) ndi mtengo wapatali kukhuthala, kutali choposa cha zipangizo carbide gulu . Komanso, mkulu-liwiro zitsulo ali kusinthasintha kwambiri mkulu, kutanthauza workability wabwino ndi kudula ndondomeko kuthamanga.

Kodi katundu tidzakhaladi ndi aloyi amadalira zinthu alloying. Childs, mkulu-liwiro zitsulo ndi dongosolo multicomponent munali chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, ndi vanadium. Pamaso pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana, komanso amanena mawu kuchuluka mmene olemba a. Letter P muli zikutanthauza kuti zitsulo ndi mkulu liwiro, nambala wotsatira limasonyeza tungsten zili mu kuchuluka. zilembo Komanso amatanthauza kupezeka kwa zinthu zina alloying komanso manambala kudza pambuyo makalata - kuchuluka awo kulemera kachigawo mu aloyi lapansi. Choncho kalata M akusonyeza pamaso pa molybdenum mu dongosolo, F - vanadium K - cobalt, A - asafe.

Malinga ndi ochititsa zitsulo dopants liwiro akhoza wachinsinsi mu tungsten, molybdenum, tungsten ndi molybdenum. A gulu lapadera allocated zitsulo alloyed ndi cobalt. kasakaniza wazitsulo amenewa kawirikawiri ntchito popanga zipangizo kwa Machining mbali zovuta za superalloys. Liwilo zitsulo, aloyi vanadium makamaka anafuna kupanga zida otchedwa "kutsirizitsa" akumaliza - broaches, reamers ndi zina.

Ambiri ndipo mwinamwake mtundu wamkulu wa mkulu-liwiro zitsulo P18 ntchito kupanga mphako ndi zovuta threading zipangizo. Amatanthauza mfundo Fomu apamwamba processing wa zitsulo anapangidwa umangokhala P9 aloyi mtundu. Kuyambira izo mphero, odula ndi zina zotero.

Ndi ntchito kutentha boma liwiro steels anawagawa m'magulu atatu: kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi wabwinobwino, mkulu, ndi mkulu kutentha kukana. Kuti gulu loyamba a tungsten (R18, R9) ndi tungsten-molybdenum (R6M5). zizindikiro izi ntchito mu processing zitsulo sanali akakhala, steels structural ndi kuponyedwa chitsulo.

Zipangizo za Gulu lachiwiri amakhala ndi okhutira kwambiri a cobalt, vanadium ndi mpweya. The mtundu wotchuka kwambiri mu gulu - R6M5F3. Vanadium zitsulo yodziwika ndi mkulu avale kukana. drawback awo aakulu okha - zoipa sanding, chifukwa cha kuwuma kwa carbides vanadium si wochepa ndi chizindikiro ofanana elektrokorundovogo akupera gudumu.

Pomaliza, gulu lachitatu la zitsulo yodziwika ndi kuchuluka otsika zili mpweya, kuwapanga oyenera chithandizo cha kutentha zosagwira, zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo ndi titaniyamu kasakaniza wazitsulo. Chinthu china khalidwe la iwo - ambiri zinthu alloying. Kwa gulu ili monga zopangidwa monga 3V20K20H4F, V11M7K23 neri Al.