"Lyudnikov Island" (Volgograd), nkhani ya Nkhondo ya Stalingrad

Today "Lyudnikov Island" - chikumbutso zovuta odzipereka kwa mmodzi wa ankhondo kwambiri kwambiri Stalingrad panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri. Nawa miyezi ingapo ozizira kusunga chitetezo 138th oyenda Division.

Chitetezo cha "barricade"

Wotchuka "Island Lyudnikov" nalo dzina lake polemekeza msilikali Ivan Lyudnikov amene adalamulira 138th oyenda Division pankhondo ya Stalingrad. Izi wagawo asilikali amachita yofunika njira ntchito. asilikaliwo anali kuteteza mudzi wa wotsika okwatiranawo ndi zomera ili mmenemo.

zinthu wakutali umene unachitika chitetezo cha mudzi, adzalola ofufuza tsogolo amalitchula dziko khobiri "chilumba". Mawu wasiya anthu, koma patapita anali formalized mwa chikumbutso anthu. Cholinga chachikulu cha dziko la Germany mu gawo ili linali zida zankhondo fakitale "okwatiranawo". Pamene anaukira Wehrmacht Stalingrad, izo methyl zitatu zofunika kuchita. Kuwonjezera "barricade" mu mndandanda njira anali fakitale "Red October" ndi kupanga fakitale thalakitala.

malo oonekera

Kodi zinali zofunika kwambiri kampani, amene amateteza Ivan Lyudnikov ndi ndodo yake? "Okwatiranawo" fakitale The linakhazikitsidwa ndi British kampani "Vickers" mu 1913 Tsarist Russia. modernized maofesi mafakitale pa mafakitale wa woyamba mapulani Soviet zaka zisanu. Akatswiri anayamba kutulutsa lalikulu-likungosonyeza mfuti kuno kwa Red Army. Komanso, pali linanena bungwe ndiponso anthu wamba. Koma kumene, kuti ulendo lankhondo la ogwira anali kulingalira chinthu posankha Wehrmacht ngati chandamale cha kuukira awo.

Madzulo a nkhondo mu "okwatiranawo" anayamba kutulutsa mfuti howitzers BR zino. Mu 1940, iwo anagwidwa ndi asilikali, ndipo apambana pokana German olusa pa amadzibisa onse. Asakhalenso ndi kuononga zomera anatanthauza kumana Soviet Union anali zida zankhondo zofunika, popanda zomwe khalidwe la nkhondo adzakhala ofuna kudzipha.

Nthawi yoyamba

Madzulo a zikamera wa dziko la Germany mu mzinda wa Stalingrad kwa mbewu anasamutsidwa pafupifupi onse ogwira ntchito (90%). Iwo anapita ku Urals ndi Siberia, kuonetsetsa ntchito khola la makampani mu kumbuyo. Otsalira mu "barricade" a ogwira ntchito, ngakhale bomba ndi kuukira adani anapitiriza kubala mankhwala pamalo abwino ofunika. anthu awa 400 ankagwira ntchito zinthu kuwapirira. Pa fakitale pa chakudya ndi madzi woyera. Panalibe magetsi, ndi mpweya anali udushliv. Komanso, antchito ameneŵa amathandiza asilikali nkhondo yolimbana ndi adani patsogolo.

Nkhonyayo loyamba la Germany kunachitika August 23, 1942. "Okwatiranawo" mbewu wakhala pansi moto kuchokera mlengalenga. Mu October, lamulo Soviet anatumiza kuti makoma ake ndi 138 TH oyenda Division. Iye ali bwinobwino anawolokera banki lamanja la Volga, ndipo anakonza chodzikanira yaitali. Mu kugwa kwa "chilumba" anali maonekedwe a aukali kumenyana msewu iliyonse mita owonjezera a dziko.

Kufunika nkhondo

The Germany anayesera kuti atenge malo a mbewu "okwatiranawo", osati chifukwa iye atulukira Soviet zida asilikali, komanso chifukwa gawo ili la kutsogolo amapereka mwayi kwa Volga. Ndi apa kuti Wehrmacht anagwidwa kum'mawa kukafika n'zotheka lonse Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Nkhondo ya Stalingrad amayenera kuthetsa zonse.

Ngati ulamuliro wa Hitler inakhala ndi mphamvu mtsinje, iye anali kudula mtsempha wamagazi lalikulu zoyendera. Pa cruised m'chombo ndi mfuti, anthu, chakudya, mafuta Caucasus. Soviet Union opanda zinthu zofunika atangomwalira kwa zotsutsa. Iwo Lyudnikov Island wakhala mmodzi wa zikuluzikulu nkhondo arena, amene chinathetsa njira yonse, osati Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, koma ndi Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World.

Pakati pa Volga ndi Wehrmacht

November 11, 1942 ku Germany anaswa kwa Volga. Choncho Division 138th anali kumbali zitatu. asilikali Soviet mu gawo lino anali kumbuyo ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono wa dziko m'litali 700 ndipo m'lifupi mamita 400. Kum'mawa kwa Lyudnikov ndi anthu ake ataphimbidwa ndi woonda ayezi Volga November. chakudya yobereka kwa mbewu pa mtsinje anali kumva chifukwa chakuti madzi ake akulamulidwa ndi ku Germany. Chakudya anabwera zoumbika mosiyanasiyana, ndi asirikali njala. Akapitawo, ndi amuna m'gulu analandira chakudya tsiku la magalamu khumi ndi asanu a masikono, dzinthu ndi ochepa shuga. Nkhondo ya Stalingrad sanalekerere aliyense.

Kamodzi pa tsiku Lyudnikov anapereka makatiriji makumi atatu pa dzanja. asilikali Soviet pa nthawi ina ngakhale kulimbana ndi zida analandidwa. Limodzi la ndewu 138. Division anawononga sapper detachment wa Wehrmacht. Kenako, Red Army anapita ku German browning zipolopolo kwa manja mwa munthu wina. Achifasizimu anayamba kukantha zipolopolo zawo.

Osiyana ungwazi signalers, amapereka ulalo 138th Division ndi likulu. gulu anagwira ntchito yake, pamene mu chigwa pakati pa malo mfuti. Mfundo kucheza amatchedwa "malo". Kuz'minskii anga ndi atatu privates (Vetoshkin, Harazin ndi Kolosovsky) anachita zonse ku likulu akhoza kuyenda za zomwe zikuchitika ndi kulamula Lyudnikov. Ngakhale yamtendere signalers izi anapangidwa chipilala osiyana.

counteroffensive

Mu December, Volga zophimbidwa ndi ayezi olimba. Panali ngozi malo onse a Division 138th. Ndiye kuti apulumutse Lyudnikov ndi gulu lake anafika 400th zida zankhondo Battalion. Iwo lili kalulu Island , ndipo sangalole a ku Germany kuchokera kudera Volga kuti adzazungulire zokometsera a "okwatiranawo".

Woyamba milungu iwiri December 1942 anali koipa asilikali Soviet mu gawo lino. Pomaliza, 14 ku likulu la kuti anadza kuti 138th Division anali kuyamba potsimikizira-amanyansidwa ndi cholinga kulumikizana ndi oyandikana nawo ziwalo za Red Army. Ndiye zokometsera kwa mbewu anakwanitsa anagumula mamita 200 ndi kusiya m'mphepete pa udindo uwu.

Patapita milungu ingapo, January 10, 1943, anayamba ambiri Soviet tiponye gawo ili la Stalingrad. 138th Division anasamukira ku china chofunika njira chinthu - fakitale "Red October". Choncho anathetsa chitetezo amunamuna a "okwatiranawo". Ophunzira kunkhondo anali kuperekedwa kwa mphoto ya. Lyudnikov anakhala ndi Major General.

Nkhondo Stalingrad makamaka amadziwika zitsanzo zingapo chidwi asilikali mtima ndi inflexibility Soviet. Iwo wakhala wotero chizindikiro Lyudnikov Island. Volgograd lero akukumbukira ngwazi ake ndi kulemekeza chikumbukiro chawo.