Mabakiteriya a inali kuwola ndi kuwonongeka

Mabakiteriya moyo kulikonse: pa mtunda ndi pa madzi, pansi ndi pansi madzi, mu mlengalenga, mu matupi a zolengedwa zina zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, mu thupi la thanzi wamkulu nthumwi ya mtundu wa anthu amakhala mitundu yoposa 10 zikwi tizilombo, ndi kulemera okwana ndi 1 peresenti 3 kulemera okwana thupi. zolengedwa Part tosaoneka monga kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya organics. Pakati pawo malo otchuka wotanganidwa ndi mabakiteriya inali kuwola. Iwo kuwononga zotsalira za mitembo ya nyama ndi zomera kudyetsa pa nkhani imeneyi.

masoka njira

Kuwonongeka kwa organic ndi masoka njira ndi lamulo, ngati bwino anakonza chilengedwe. Popanda kuwola kuti sizikanatheka kukanakhala makope zinthu padziko lapansi. Ndipo Mulimonsemo, zizindikiro za kuwonongeka zikutanthauza zikamera wa moyo watsopano, akutulukira koyamba. Mabakiteriya kuvunda pano - VIPs! Pakati pa chuma cha mitundu organic moyo ali ndi udindo kwa nthawi yambiri ndi ndondomeko yofunika.

Kodi lawola

Mfundo yofunika ndi zovuta zimene zimafunika ku zinthu chosavuta pankhani awo zikuchokera. Modern chifaniziro asayansi za ndondomeko yomwe akutembenukira mankhwala organic mu zochita kupanga, tinganene motere:

• Mabakiteriya adzalandira kagayidwe kachakudya kuwola, kuti akuswa njira mankhwala kulankhulana mamolekyulu organic munali asafe. ndondomeko kumachitika mu mawonekedwe mphamvu adani mapuloteni ndi amino zidulo.
• Michere kuti anayamba zamoyo pa pogawanikana pamawere kumasulidwa amoniya, amines, sulfide wa hydrogen ku zedi.
• Zamgululi kulowa m'thupi zowola mabakiteriya ntchito kupeza mphamvu.

potulutsa amoniya

The asafe mkombero - yofunika zikuluzikulu za moyo padziko lapansi. A yaying'ono-zamoyo nawo mmenemo - mmodzi wa magulu ambiri kwambiri. Mu m'chilengedwe mwachilengedwe, iwo zimapezeka mu kubwezeretsa nthaka mineralization. Choncho dzina la - decomposer (kutanthauza "kubwezeretsa"). Pali ambiri ankaimira mabakiteriya kudzitsitsa ndi inali kuwola ammonifying, i.e. angathe kumasuka asafe pa nkhani akufa organic. Iwo asporogenous enterobacteria, oyambitsa, n'ngopatsirana kupanga clostridia.

Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis - mmodzi wa ambiri, ndi ofufuza aphunzira mabakiteriya. Kukhala m'nthaka, kwenikweni amachita kupuma ntchito mpweya. Thupi zikuchokera - ndi nyukiliya ufulu selo. bakiteriya Izi mwachilungamo lalikulu, fano la sipangakhalenso akamagwira kuwonjezeka chabe. Kupereka umabala udzu Bacillus protease - catalyzing michere kuti momwemo chipolopolo kunja maselo ake. Kugwiritsa michere mabakiteriya wawononga Kapangidwe ka mapuloteni molekyulu (peputayidi mtolo kwa amino zidulo), amino gulu Choncho ukapolo. Childs, ndondomeko izi zimachitika mu magawo angapo ndipo kumayambitsa kaphatikizidwe wa mphamvu mu maselo (ATP). Kudzitsitsa ndi bakiteriya (zowola), limodzi ndi mapangidwe mankhwala poizoni amene zimawononga anthu.

ndi mankhwala Kodi

Choyamba ndi mapeto mankhwala a ammonia ndi sulfide wa hydrogen. Komanso, ngati chosakwanira mineralization anapanga:

• ziphe cadaveric (cadaverine, mwachitsanzo);
• onunkhira khalidwe pawiri (skatole, indole);
• pa lawola amino zidulo munali sulfure, thiols kupangidwa, dimethylsulfoxide.

Ndipotu, mu chimango cha ankalamulira chitetezo chokwanira kuwonongeka ndondomeko - gawo la kugaya chakudya cha nyama zambiri ndi anthu. Kumachitika kawirikawiri mu m'matumbo, ndi mabakiteriya amene amayambitsa kuwola, amathandiza yaikulu mu izo. Koma kungachititse kuti mavuto mu zikuluzikulu poyizoni chakudya lawola. munthuyo ndi Akufunika chithandizo, kutsuka matumbo ndi kubwezeretsa microflora mankhwala. Komanso, kudzikundikira amoniya mu thupi zidzayambike ndi mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya, kuphatikizapo E. coli. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ena zimakhala kudziunjikira ammonia. Koma kugwira ntchito yachibadwa kachitidwe zonse kumayambitsa urea ndi ndiye excreted ku thupi.

saprotrophs

Inali kuwola mabakiteriya anatchula saprotrophs, pamodzi ndi nayonso mphamvu ndi mabakiteriya. Onse m'mimba mankhwala organic - asafe ndi mpweya, motero. Nthawi zonse, mphamvu adzamasulidwa kuti ntchito mphamvu ndi moyo thandizo tizilombo. Popanda nayonso mphamvu ya bakiteriya (mwachitsanzo, mkaka), anthu sibwenzi analandira zakudya ofunika ngati yogurt kapena tchizi. Komanso ambiri akhala akuphika ndi winemaking.

Koma mabakiteriya saprotrophic zingachititse kuwola ndi spoilage. Zimenezi zambiri limodzi ndi yaikulu amasulidwe carbon dioxide, amoniya, mphamvu, anthu poizoni, komanso Kutentha gawo lapansi (nthawi zina kudziletsa poyatsira). Choncho, anthu aphunzira kulenga mavuto mabakiteriya lawola kutaya luso lawo kubereka, kapena kungoti kufa. zonsezi amateteza mankhwala monga njira yolera yotseketsa ndi pasteurization, imene kusamala akhoza ukhale kwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Kutaya katundu wawo mabakiteriya ndi amaundana mankhwala. Kale, pamene silinakwaniritsidwe kudziwika njira zamakono ku spoilage mankhwala tizilombo microflora kuteteza ntchito kuyanika, salting, saccharification, monga mchere ndi shuga sing'anga tizilombo zithe ntchito zawo kwambiri ndipo pa kuyanika amachotsa nthambi zambiri za madzi koyenera kuti kukula kwa mabakiteriya .

Mabakiteriya a kuwola: kufunika yaying'ono-zamoyo mu biosphere ndi

Udindo wa mabakiteriya zimenezi kwa moyo wonse pa Dziko Lapansi sitingalephere kukambapo. Mu biosphere chifukwa cha luso lawo moyo ammonifiers zonse ndi mu ndondomeko ya kuwonongeka kwa zomera akufa ndi nyama ndi mineralization anayamba. Anapanga chifukwa cha zinthu yosavuta mankhwala a chikhalidwe zochita kupanga, Pakati pa carbon dioxide, amoniya, sulfide hydrogen ndi zina mwa kufalitsa zinthu ndi zakudya zomera, lalifupi kulanda mphamvu kwa nthumwi imodzi mwa nyama ndi zomera za padziko lapansi ena, kupereka mwayi wokhala ndi moyo watsopano .

asafe sikukudziwika amasulidwe zomera apamwamba, ndipo popanda nkhani ya mabakiteriya inali kuwola iwo sanathe kumvetsa kudyetsedwa ndi kukula.

mabakiteriya inali kuwola amagwira ntchito njira nthaka mapangidwe, decomposing akufa organic ziwaloziwalo chigawo. Ndi chuma chawo amagwira ntchito zofunika pa ulimi ndi zochitika zina za anthu.

Pomaliza, ntchito ya tizilombo popanda pamwamba anati ya Dziko Lapansi, kuphatikizapo malo madzi sadafuna chosaneneka decomposing nyama ndi zomera, ndi iwo anafa kwa yambiri ya nthawi, kuli dziko!