Madzi fetereza: dzina, ntchito. Stimulators wa zomera zikule

Imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri yotithandiza kukula mbewu ndi ntchito feteleza mchere. gulu ukufanizidwa mu msika wa malonda agro-luso m'njira zingapo yobereka. Kwambiri yabwino ndi otchuka ndi granular mankhwala, komanso ndalama madzi kuwonetsa chifukwa yofunika kwambiri. chakuti kugawikana pa mitundu ndi njira ntchito yobereka ndi amayamba osati zofuna za mgwirizano wa ntchito mwachindunji ndalama. Childs, madzi feteleza Mbali structural zinthu yogwira, moti njira yotero anadzetsa nthaka. Pa nthawi yomweyo anatsimikiza mtima ogula ndi khalidwe zapadera mtundu wa feteleza.

General zokhudza fetereza madzi

Maphunziro madzi feteleza zochokera maziko mchere ndipo amapezeka mu formulations zosiyanasiyana. Choncho anthu onse a m'gulu limeneli amasiyana zili ammonia ndi asafe ndalama zina. Mtundu ambiri fetereza ndi carbide-ammoniac osakaniza (CAS), koma palinso njira la ammonia, owongolera kukula, zina zovuta ndi sulphate ammonium. Mchitidwe ntchito imasonyeza kuti nyimbo zochokera sayenda osiyana la ammonia m'nthaka, nthawi ya kanthu ndi, Chofunika kwambiri, musataye nthunzi zoipa. Pankhani mmene deta kupereka fetereza, chinthu choyamba kunena ndi mtengo kumapumitsa, zolimbikitsa kukula ndi mwa kundipatsako kwa zakudya. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti zina osati mawonekedwe komanso chikhalidwe cha kanthu ofanana ndi madzi opanda okha chimake mphamvu.

Asafe Mafomu m'gulu la feteleza madzi

Pali njira zitatu za asafe amene ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana zina zamadzimadzi. Izi makamaka nitrate zigawo zikuluzikulu, amene limapangidwa feteleza madzi zochokera nitrate kashiamu ammonium. Ubwino ngati chakudya akhoza zimachitika kupambana mofulumira ndi kuyenda mu mapangidwe wakhama. Komanso, mtundu uwu wa feteleza zinthu asafe ofotokoza mosavuta yagwa ndi chinyezi muyeso, omwe si nthawi zonse zabwino. Mawonekedwe yotsatira ndi ya asafe ammonium. Chotero oyamba mosavuta anaphatikizana ndi zomera Komabe, chifukwa kumamatira dongosolo nthaka nthawi yawo yafupika.

Chachitatu, amide mawonekedwe sangathe ntchito mu njira chikhalidwe kupyolera dongosolo mizu. Pankhaniyi, pepala chakudya, ndipo m'kupita kwa mankhwala chitukuko akudutsa oyamba mawonekedwe ammonium, ndipo kenako ndi nitrate. Mwa njira, UAN fetereza ndi yekhayo mu kalasi ake, amene angakhale monga onse a mitundu ya asafe.

Features wa osakaniza carbamide-amoniya

feteleza Izi zikuphatikizapo zinthu zambiri zimene zingatipindulitse mchitidwe tanthauzo lake. Mu ndondomeko ya ntchito mogwirizana ndi tizilombo CAS angathe kulandira mulingo woyenera mawonekedwe kuti ndi oyenera mayamwidwe wa mbewu yeniyeni. Ndiko kuti, kaya ya zigawo nitrogenous, omwe umagwiritsidwa osakaniza carbamide-amoniya, yembekezerani chakudya bwino mbewu ndi zakudya zokwanira. Pa nthawi yomweyo tiyenera kumvetsetsa CAS - madzi feteleza kuti amachita monga chida wothandiza kuthandiza zomera zikule. Lang'anani, ndi momwe iye ankachitira agronomists, technologists, pa nkhani ya ntchito yopanga kwambiri kothandiza ulimi.

Makhalidwe a feteleza madzi amoniya

Amoniya zowonjezera mu madzi mawonekedwe, yodziwika ndi kochulukira zili asafe. Monga tanenera kale, katunduyo angathe kuperekedwa mu njira zosiyanasiyana, koma ndende zake ndi Mulimonsemo kukhala apamwamba kuposa feteleza ena. Makamaka, asafe zili wa amoniya anhydrous ndi 82%. Pankhani madzi amoniya, chiŵerengero izi ndi 24%. Komanso UAN fetereza yodziwika ndi fungo lakuthwa, zomwe zinandipangitsa nthunzi ya ammonia. Cholemera chilichonse ndi ndende ya thunthu mu kuchita, ntchito masamu kukakamiza ndi kutentha. Choncho kaya zowonjezera ammonium mosavuta sungunuka m'madzi.

Afotokoze akagwira feteleza zofunika kupereka propensity kwa weathering wothandizira. Mbali ikufotokoza imfa ya zigawo asafe pa zoyendera. Komanso, ayenera kupatsidwa ndi miyeso kuteteza zitsulo sanali akakhala, zimavuta ndi zinthu za Kusakaniza. chakuti madzi fetereza amoniya ofotokoza akapsa chitukuko cha dzimbiri, ngakhale siligwira ntchito kwa zotayidwa.

feteleza humate

Technologists la nchito za ulimi kwa nthawi yaitali kukhala ndi mfundo zakudya nthaka likuvutika zawozawo mu zolimba moyenera zotsalira zazomera otsala pa mbewu. Kukula zipatso umenewu anali kudzipatula kwa asidi nthaka humic omwe anatembenuzidwa kuti mchere ndi sodium. zowonjezerazo ichi pa msika lero fetereza "Humate" imene kumapangitsa kukula kwa mbewu. Ntchito ina yofunika kwambiri zowonjezera ichi ndi kuteteza mitundu yonse ya poizoni ndi zitsulo zolemera.

Choncho akatswiri taonera mbali mogwirizana ndi mankhwala madzi kuwonongeka. Kuchuluka Mwachangu zinthu zimawonedwa pokhapokha mwa zinthu chinyezi akadakwanitsira nthaka. Popeza ichi khalidwe, madzi feteleza "humate" pamaziko a potaziyamu wakhala otukuka. chigawo ichi amapangidwa mwa processing wa peat atachotsedwa kapangidwe kake michere yogwira. Ena mwa iwo ndi chimodzimodzi asafe, phosphorous ndi kufufuza zinthu zina. Mtundu wa feteleza madzi zimagwiritsa ntchito kwa akuwukha mbewu, mbewu ndi zipangizo zina kubzala.

mlingo ntchito

Madzi zina, kuwonjezera ntchito zake zotsatira mwachindunji pa zomera, ndi kufanizira akutsutsana ndi kuthekera yunifolomu kufalitsidwa dera la ntchito. Pa kasupe feteleza mbewu yozizira Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito makilogalamu 35-40 fetereza pa mahekitala 1. Izi zikugwirizana ndi kuvala woyamba pamwamba, koma m'tsogolo zosakaniza yogwira ayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi 1: 2 ndipo kubweretsa kale osapitirira 30 makilogalamu pa malo omwewo. Pakuti akadakwanitsira ukuwonjezeka mlingo kasupe makilogalamu 80 pa mahekitala 1 pa mlingo kwa chisanadze processing. Aliyense wotsatira ndondomeko feteleza ayenera kukhala pa 20 kg. Mbewu masamba ntchito fetereza madzi zimatengera mtundu wa mbewu. Mwachitsanzo, mbatata umaperekedwa ndi dera makilogalamu 60 pa 1 ha. zomera m'nyumba komanso ali oyenera mtundu uwu chakudya, koma aliyense kalasi munthu amafuna yake mapangidwe Mlingo. Ntchito formulations ayenera usiku kapena nyengo mitambo - kugwilizana ndi ganizo ili kuti kuthetsa chiopsezo amayaka.

Trade Mayina a feteleza madzi

Mu msika zina mbewu madzi mosamalitsa kugawanika, ngakhale zinthu zambiri ndi ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka zomera m'nyumba, makamaka, kuti mtundu, m'pofunika amalangiza mankhwala mtundu "Flower Paradaiso", anaikira zomera kukongoletsa masamba. Ngati tikulingalira madzi feteleza zovuta, ndiye kubwera patsogolo mzere wa "labwino". The zikuchokera katundu chotero monga macro- ndi micronutrients kuphatikizapo asafe, ndi nitrate ndi ammonium mitundu. Komanso, ena zosintha ndi muli asidi humic. Ntchito konsekonse feteleza "Rainbow" anapereka mu madzi mawonekedwe ndi kupereka zomera yozungulira, ndipo kuminda mbewu.

Pa zimene nthaka ntchito madzi fetereza?

Ubwino zina ndi zimachitika zokonda yosavuta zikhalidwe za ntchito. Kuti, mu feteleza aliyense nthaka adzaonetsetsa zochita, kaya zikhale zoyendetsedwa masamba kapena dongosolo mizu. Komabe, mitengo apamwamba kukula ndi kuchira zowonjezera kusonyeza pansi pa nthaka wobzalidwa ndi gumussirovannyh. Ngati ntchito madzi feteleza mbande, m'pofunika poyamba kuganizira kulolerana zovuta zina asidi humic. Chonchi osakaniza adzapereka maziko chakudya kukula mofulumira ndi thanzi la dongosolo mizu.

Pomaliza

Amoniya feteleza mu madzi mawonekedwe zambiri ubwino, mwa ndizo chomasuka ntchito, mkulu ozama mphamvu, ndi mtengo wotsika ndipo mofulumira. Makamaka chifukwa makhalidwe amenewa zowonjezera ali kufunika mu kagawo kakang'ono akatswiri. Koma alimi wamba safuna kugwiritsa ntchito owongolera madzi kukula, monga iwo ndi zovuta kwambiri kuti sangathe nthawi zonse kuzigonjetsa. Makamaka, yosungirako ndi mayendedwe a feteleza amafuna zinthu zapadera. Popanda polumikiza zipangizo zina zapadera uli wangwiro ndi ndondomeko ya zinthu zina za mankhwala a m'gulu limeneli. Ambiri agronomists payekha ndi kukhumudwa motere kudya, kuonera zinthu zoipa zotsatira mankhwala zomera chifukwa cha monyanyira mu Mlingo wa.