Makinawa Bulkin AB 46: mwachidule makhalidwe ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Anakumana makina Bulkin ali Kupanga katundu Index TKB-415, anayamba kupanga mu 1945. Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo polenga chida nawo mpikisano GAU USSR onyamula Mphamvu, kupikisana pa mawu ofanana ndi zochitika zina zofanana. Mu zaka zingapo chitsanzo ichi wataya ena magawo yofanana CB-P-580, anadzakhala kuti misa ngati AK-47.

A pang'ono za mlengi

Ngakhale kuti makina Bulkin osati chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chitukuko wapanga chopereka yaikulu chitukuko cha zida zazing'ono Soviet. About constructor ndi pang'ono kudziwika. Nkhondo isanayambe iye anayamba kugwira ntchito KB NIPSVO. Mu 1942-43. pamodzi ndi I. unachitikira Rakov angagwiritse mfuti yokha ndi makina mfuti. Mu 1943, mayeso makina mfuti analengedwa ndi injiniya izi. Komanso, iye anayamba carbine TKB 32 ndi zungulira limagwirira basi.

Mu 1944, ndi makina odziwa Bulkin AB 44 kunachitika ndipo mu 1948, mlengi wakhala nawo chilengedwe cha mfuti mkulu-liwiro ndege. Ntchito kuchitika mogwirizana ndi NM Afanasyev ndi Berezinym M. E. wotsatira tsoka sakudziwika gunsmith. Pazifukwa zosadziwika, payekha ndi onse deta mbiri injiniya anasowa pafupi achibale moyo sangathe kupeza.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

General Administration analengeza mpikisano kulenga latsopano chida basi mu 1943. Kumlingo, zimenezi zinathandiza kuti ulaliki wa bungwe luso la Commissariat wa German chitsanzo MC-42 milandu wokhazikika. Soviet analogi likungosonyeza katiriji mlandu kutalika kwa masentimita 7,62 kwa 4.1, wakhala analengedwa ndi akatswiri ndi Semin Elizarov mu nthawi umboni. Kenako malaya anali wamfupi kusiyana 2 mm.

Mpikisanowu makina anayamba yekha kwa zitsulo latsopano zoweta. Mu review woyamba wa kupambana kupereka Sudaevu injiniya, amene anapereka carbine basi C-44, masekeli makilogalamu 5.3. Mwa kuipa oimira taonera ndi kulemera overvalued zida ndi kulimbikitsa mlengi ntchito pa kuchepa ake.

The mpikisano yachiwiri

Mu 1945, pa njira imene GAU nkuyamba Mpikisanowo chachiwiri. Pa nthawi imeneyi, ophunzira koyamba basi Bulkin AB 46 mlengi. Sudan akupereka bwino kusinthidwa wa AS-44. Koma nthawi iyi mfuti si zotsatira monga kale. Bulkin zida mlengi pambuyo revisions angapo akupitiriza nawo mpikisano. Imfa yadzidzidzi ya Sudaeva mitanda tsogolo AS-44, amene anali mtsogoleri chachikulu.

Ophunzira otsala kupitiriza kupikisana pa malo oyamba mwa zida zoweta basi. GAU Commission, kutenga nkhani zochitika kachiwiri akupereka opikisana amafuna mwatsatanetsatane ndi luso zochokera kapangidwe kuyambirira aliyense chitsanzo pamaso kusonyeza zinachitika. Chifukwa, chifukwa cha kuzungulira komaliza analola ntchito asanu okha. Bulkin Machine kuposa zaka ziwiri akutsogola pa mayeso ndi chiyambi cha 1948 chinali Mwachitsanzo yekha molondola yoyenera pamene kuwombera bursts lalifupi, anatchula mu Commission zofunika.

Zotsatira za kuyezetsa

Nkhani zina zida i ayenerere ankaona komanso lasonyeza bwino. Chomasuka yokonza, chomasuka disassembly anali pamwamba osati wolephera mpikisano. Komabe Bulkin sanathe kuthetsa survivability komanso lodalirika ake "mwana". M'kupita negate akuyesetsa a mlengi. Pochitika munda mayeso chitsanzo Commission Kalashnikov mapulogalamu asankhidwa kale.

Bulkin AB 46 submachine mfuti sichinkagwirizana zofunikira za GAU ndipo sanali chiyeso chomaliza. Ngakhale kuti mu 1949 lalandiridwa ya AK 47, ankaona kusinthidwa yapanga chopereka kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha makina, monga ambiri a asilikali ndi mfundo za mpikisano ali pafupifupi zofanana.

kamangidwe

Mlengi analenga chitsanzo pa maziko a ntchito kwa gazootvedeniya ndi zodziwikiratu, ndi mfundo imene ili pamwamba mbiya. Pakuti kudzimbidwa brainstem njira ntchito makina mfundo. Chipangizo kwa lililonse mpweya alibe ulamuliro ndi kutseka wagawo imakhala ndi tsinde ndi tsinde mathero mpweya pisitoni. shutter ali okonzeka ndi tsinde kutsegula kwa nkhondowo mphutsi ndi awiri makina zogwiriziza.

Pamene kusuntha tsinde shutter Bulkina makina poyamba zimayenda nkhondowo larva ndiye linanena bungwe oyima awiri coupler ndi zogwiriziza breech. Anasintha kayendedwe ka tsinde la ikuchitika amakodwa ndi kuphana larva. Malangizo a kayendedwe ka m'makwinya shutter bokosi chimatanthauza extruded mtundu. Iwo ndi yafupika kwambiri padziko kukhudzana, amene amapereka chiwopsezo ofooka poizoni. milandu Kutumiza amapangidwa sitolo 30 zipolopolo. makatiriji ndi movutikira, awiri mzere chakudya. goli wopangidwa aloyi woonda zitsulo ndi kukhomerera ndi kuwotcherera.

Mfundo ntchito

Bulkina basi AB 44 monga Baibulo wake akweza, zida ndi limagwirira choyambitsa ndi kudutsana choyambitsa. mfundo iyi ndi yosavuta chipangizo popanda chipangizo kwa disengaging mbedza ndi sear. Chipata kutsegula tsinde mtundu atambala, izo ikumalanda phewa m'khutu ndi adatchithisira choyambitsa. shutter limagwirira amalola kuwombera akatemera osakwatira kapena bursts.

The yang'anira ndalezo mode mtundu moto lili kumanja kwa thunthu, pamwamba hule. Ena yofanana ndi zida ankaona anali adzafupikitsidwa 100 mamilimita mbiya. Safety ndalezo yakwera kumanzere kwa makina mpata kutengerapo kosavuta modes ake ndi chala bwino. Pakuti pamaso akukumana chosinthika kutsogolo pamaso mphete ndi chitetezo ndi gawo lonse.

Zochita za dongosolo luso

zitsanzo ziwiri za makina AB 46 zinakambidwa pa mayesero mpikisano:

1. Yankho ndi katundu matabwa akonzekeretse mayunitsi wamba asilikali.
2. Model ndi lopinda mbuyo ntchito detachments wapadera ndi magulu airborne.

M'munsimu muli waukulu magawo luso makina pansi kulingalira:

• Full kulemera - 4.5 makilogalamu.
• Utali - 0,94 m.
• Njovu - 0,51 m.
• Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana kuwombera - 0,8 Km.
• Yambani nawuza liwiro kuthawa - mamita 750 pa mphindi.
• Index mlingo wa moto - zipolopolo 600 pa mphindi imodzi.
• Chiwerengero cha zida mu khola - 30 zipolopolo.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Mu Soviet Union, Mpikisano si demokalase kwambiri. Childs, iye akukankhira manja ake zitsanzo wina amene adali ndi chikoka ndi kugwirizana. Komanso, zotsatira kawirikawiri ankagwira ntchito yotamandika mu nkhani. Mwachitsanzo, mfuti kwambiri Simonov mipingo mokomera kutali-kusinthidwa analogi dzina Tokarev SVT-38. Zimachitika chisankho kwa kuwonongeka kawirikawiri wopha mu ABC 36. Komabe, vuto silinali kumangako, ndi kuti zitsulo pa chomera si bwino kupsa mtima. Kale mu kope 1942 a SVT ali yafupika, kuyambira mfuti sanakhale ndi moyo nkhondo. Inachotsedwa utumiki ngakhale pamaso pa Mosin mfuti.

Pambuyo Kalashnikov anapereka zinachitika wake woyamba, chiweruziro cha ntchito ankaimira Pchelintseva msilikali anali wopezeka: chida si wangwiro ndi kosamugonjera younikanso. Ndipo chotero izo zinali. Koma ndiye anayamba kuchitika zinthu zachilendo.

Kalashnikov akutembenukira thandizo kwa mkulu wake wa dzina aukali. Ndiyeno, falsifies satifiketi mayeso ndipo akuonetsa kuti sule makina, podziwa kuti adzayenera redo chirichonse kuchokera zikande. Iyeyo amapanga za ziwiri khumi kusintha kapangidwe zida. Kuwonjezera iye, mu kasinthidwe chitsanzo anali kupanga V. Daykin. Ndi chitsanzo ichi ndi anayimiridwa mu mpikisano makina Bulkin TKB-415.

The atasemphana zinatha AA ndi AB?

Monga biographers onani Kalashnikov, mnyamata mlengi Bulkin, mkulu popanda maphunziro apadera, anakwanitsa kukwaniritsa zochotsa mpikisano dontho-kunja. Ndipotu, ena akuluakulu lolemekezeka alimbikitsa polojekiti AK, pamene kuonera zinthu Bulkina chitsanzo. Motero, ntchito pa AK anapitiriza chomera Kovrov kuyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri wodziwa Zaitseva, koma wapereka makhalidwe structural a batire la. Osati ntchito osachepera kupanga izi ankaimba aukali, munthu wolemekezeka NIPSMVO.

Chifukwa, makina walandira oposa 400 kusinthidwa ndi analengedwa pafupifupi zikande. Izi zinali kuphwanyiratu malamulo oti kutukula akhoza kupanga okha zosintha zing'onozing'ono prototypes awo. Tikumbukenso kuti mbiya kutalika zochepa 35 masentimita, ngakhale patapita chinawonjezeka cm 41,4.

Kumapeto kwa

Pa mpikisano wa mamembala komiti anaona zikusiyana kwambiri pakati pa AK 46 analengeza ntchito. Komabe, iye mwamsanga natseka pakamwa pake, ngati mawu omaliza anali kwa Kolomna testers, amene anayeserera kuti zindikirani kusintha izi kwambiri. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, AK 46 otaika makina Bulkin 1946 ndi mfuti Dementieva. Chopulumutsa udzu polojekiti chinali chifukwa chakuti palibe zitsanzo alibe aphata kuti chofunika magawo mwatsatanetsatane ndi luso.

Bulkin makina anali yekhayo atatu kuti waonetsa zolondola pa GAU zofunika. Ndi wamkulu ndi AK wa ergonomics, anali ndi chimango collapsible katundu, amene patangotha zaka zochepa chabe, panali "Kalashnikov" Patapita. kusankha kugwiritsa awiri masiwichi mbendera Mwina zapangitsa mikangano, koma kusintha njira alipo sichidzawalaka. Mokulira mlengi mwachidule chipango mfundo, monga mu nkhani ndi mfuti Simonov. Ngakhale ziriri pano, makina Bulkin anasiya kufufuza yowala m'mbiri ya zida Russian, ngati anali ndi kapangidwe wokongola chidwi ndi chiyembekezo chabwino.