Tangoyamba chabe m'ma 20 kale wamng'ono sayansi monga mphamvu kuwerenga maganizo. Malangizo waukulu wa zamaganizo zinalili pa nthawiyo, sadathe kuyankha mafunso kuti chikanachitika pa nkhani ya zinthu zakale ndiponso chikhalidwe cha masiku ano. Inali nthawi imeneyi sayansi ndi anapulumuka mavuto oyamba mu mbiri yake, umene wakhala zogwirizana makamaka kulephera kwa mfundo zake ongolankhula mwakuchita sukulu introspective, kufotokoza boma lenileni la zochitika mmadera.
Zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti waukulu malangizo a zamaganizo za m'ma 20 zosiyana ngakhale awo phunziro la, ndi masukulu osiyanasiyana kuwona mbali zosiyana za chowonadi othandiza. Makamaka, Wundt, woimira structuralism wakhazikitsa pachokha ndi cholinga ndiko tione zimene zinachitikira mwachindunji ndi nyumba yake, ndi functionalists samapereka tcheru, kuika pa kusanthula ntchito ya nyumba izi. Choncho, anati mbali yaikulu ya zamaganizo Western amasiyana angalankhulire kwa tanthauzo la umunthu: ndi structuralists tanthauzo monga "unyolo wa zinthu" ndipo functionalists - ngati "mtsinje wa chikumbu mtima", omwe angakhoze kokha anaphunzira uthunthu wake. M'kupita kwa nthawi, ndi anthu a kufupi functionalist lasonyeza kuchita.
Komanso, mbali yaikulu ya 20 zamaganizo m'ma monga reflexology, kumene makamaka asayansi Russian Mwachitsanzo, Pavlov ndi Bekhterev. Iwo akhala phunziro la mphamvu kuphunzira ndi zomverera anakumana ndi munthu. Pavlov, makamaka, ndiye anayambitsa mawu akuti "wabwino ayankhe" ndipo maonekedwe ake chafotokozedwa. zina zazikulu za kuwerenga maganizo, mwina sanali kwambiri ndi zamoyo ndi nacho kwa zonse zimene kwambiri.
Behaviorists, kutsogozedwa ndi Watson anakhulupirira ntchito yake yaikulu zinsinsi zonse za khalidwe la zamoyo. Ndipo ngati wina madera akuluakulu a zamaganizo zowawa ena subjectivity, otsatira lingaliro ili amafuna kufotokoza masamu onse khalidwe la zamoyo ndi zinthu cholinga amene amagwirizana ndi anatengera chilengedwe. Iwo makamaka ntchito zatsopano awo, woyera, makoswe chifukwa maganizo ndi psyche kwa khalidwe - ichi, kotero kusiyana kwa nyama awa ndi anthu negligible. Kupambana waukulu wa sukulu uyu anali kufotokoza kwa kupeza luso ndi kuyeserera kangapo.
Ndipo potsiriza, mmodzi wa mfundo za kuwerenga maganizo, inayamba panthawi ino ndi Freudianism. Freud lolunjika pa zochita, zolinga zomwe anthu sangathe kufotokoza. Adafendera kwa lingaliro la "chikomokere" ndipo pamoyo wake kuphunzira ake. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti chifukwa zochita mosadziŵa angathe kuonedwa ndi kuphunzira maloto, zosungitsa mwachisawawa ndi kayendedwe musanaganizire. Freud ankakhulupirira kuti onse chitukuko munthu angathe kuchepetsedwa limaoneka lokoma zofunikira ziwiri: chilakolako chogonana ndi kuopa imfa. Kukhala m'dziko, ife kubisa mphamvu izi, kotero iwo amakakamizidwa mu ufumu wa chikomokere, koma nthawi zina akadali okha anamvera.