Mapangidwe a zomangamanga nyumba ndi zomangamanga

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mafakitale nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizidwa ndi katundu wochuluka pa kapangidwe kake. Pachifukwa ichi, mateknoloji ikuyendetsa bwino nthawi zonse dongosolo lotsogolera lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zopangira. Mwa njira, kuwonjezera pa malo opangira zachilengedwe, nyumbazi zimaphatikizapo nsanja yosungiramo zipangizo, matanki, nsalu ndi zina zomangamanga. Komabe, mapangidwe a nyumba zamakampani ali ndi zizindikiro zake pamagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ergonomic. Komanso, akatswiri amapereka mwayi wokonzanso zomangamanga ndi kuyembekezera kuwonjezera mphamvu zowonjezereka.

Zofunikira zowonongeka

Pogwiritsidwa ntchito, monga lamulo, amafunika kuphatikizapo zigawo zingapo zogwirira ntchito mu malo amodzi, omwe adzayang'anira kusungirako zipangizo ndi zipangizo, kupanga ndi kupanga ntchito zamakono. Njirayi imakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi malo osungira malo ndikusunga malo. Komanso m'nyumbayi ndi zipangizo zambiri zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kuonjezera apo, malingaliro apangidwe ka nyumba za mafakitale amafuna kuti, ngati n'kotheka, zinthuzo zikhazikitsidwe potsatira mfundo zofanana. Apanso, iyi ndi njira yatsopano yopangidwira zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito malo.

Ngakhale chitetezo ndi mfundo yaikulu ya miyezoyi, sikutheka kunyalanyaza zofunikira ndi zachuma pakukongoletsera bwino. Pachifukwa ichi, makonzedwe a nyumba zamakampani ogwira ntchito zowonjezera mphamvu zimachokera.

Kuwerengera ndalama zokhudzana ndi chitetezo

Zinthu zamakono zimapanga zofuna zapamwamba osati mbali yokhayokha. Ntchito yomanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zolimbikitsira zogwirira ntchito ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukhazikitsa ntchito zoterezi. Komabe, pofuna kuteteza chitetezo cha anthu ogwira malo ogulitsa mafakitale, zifukwa zosiyanasiyana ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Makamaka, zikhalidwezo zimafuna kusungidwa kwa miyezo yabwino ya microclimatic ndi chikhalidwe chaukhondo-m'magazi m'malo ogwirira ntchito.

Ngati kukonza nyumba zomangamanga, ntchito yomwe idzagwirizane ndi kukonza zinthu zowonongeka, ndiye kuti mpweya wabwino uyenera kuperekedwa. Zizindikiro za zinthu zowopsya ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse panthawi yomwe nyumbazi zimagwirira ntchito. Kuwonjezera pa machitidwe ophimba mpweya, zomangamanga zowonongeka ndi malamulo odzidzimutsa auzimu angagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Chimodzimodzinso ndi kutentha kwa magawo a microclimate, omwe ayenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi zipangizo zoyenera.

Kupanga nyumba

Dera la dongosololi liyenera kukhazikitsidwa palimodzi, kulingalira malo onse, kuphatikizapo luso, zapansi, pansi ndi pansi. Malingana ndi cholinga cha malowa, ndime zofunikira ziyenera kuperekedwa pofuna kukonza mauthenga. Nyumba zamakono zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti zipangizo zogwirira ntchito zisawonongeke, kotero kuti mauthenga awo akhale omasuka ngati angathe, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, mawonekedwe a engineering amayenera kubisala muzipangizo zapadera. Pankhaniyi, mapangidwe a nyumba zogona, nyumba zamakampani, komanso ma workshop, amodzimodzi ndipo amatsogoleredwa ndi njira zopezeka ndi kudalirika.

Musaiwale za zoyenera zamagetsi. Kugawa moyenera kwa mauthenga ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi, mwachitsanzo, kudzapulumutsa ndalama zambiri pokhapokha ngati padzakhalabe nyumbayo. Pamwamba pa zitsulo zokhazikitsidwa, ziyenera kukhalanso kukhazikitsa malo othandizira othandizira othandizira, makina oyendetsa magetsi, zipangizo zoyatsa magetsi ndi monorails.

Zomangamanga

Choyamba, chitukuko cha njira yokonza ndi kukonzekera chiyenera kuchitika ndi cholinga chochepetsera chiopsezo chovulaza. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kayendedwe ka ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono ndi zipangizo ziyenera kukhala zotetezeka. Kuti tipeze chitetezo choterechi, zomanga zomangamanga ziyenera kupanga zipangizo zamakono, zomwe zimakhala zofanana ndi zomangamanga. Zomwe zimayenera kuti zikhale zolimba zokhudzana ndi kugwa kwapang'onopang'ono ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa.

Kuyala zinthu ndi maziko a nyumbayi pakukonzekera kumayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso kugwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi zochitika zowonjezereka, zomwe zimaloledwa ndi ndondomeko zamakono za zolemba za SNiP. Mapangidwe a nyumba zomangamanga m'gawo lino sikuti amangopereka chiwerengero cha ziwerengero za zochitika kuchokera ku katundu wawo. Malingana ndi nyengo zakutchire, katundu wochokera ku mphepo ndi chipale amathandizidwanso.

Zolinga zamakonzedwe

Poona momwe ntchito zogwirira ntchito zambiri zimagwirira ntchito, ntchito yopereka zogwirira ntchito zomangamanga kawirikawiri siikhazikika pa kukhazikitsa ma intaneti, koma pazitsulo zamakono zogwirira ntchito zoterezi. Kuti zosavuta zowonongeka zikhale zosavuta, kumangidwe kwa nyumba zamakampani poyamba kumaphatikizapo kuphatikizapo zipangizo zamakono zowonjezera maulendo oyendetsa ndege, madzi ndi magetsi. Mtundu wa makonzedwe a malo okhala nawo umaperekanso malo okwezeka ndi zitsulo zosungirako zidenga. Kumbali imodzi, njirayi imathandizira ntchito yowonjezera, ndipo, pochita ntchito, imapereka ufulu wopezeka kukonza mauthenga.

Makhalidwe apangidwe ka nyumba zamatabwa zambiri

M'mapangidwe a zinyumba zamakilomita ndi kutalika kwa mamita 15 kuchokera pansi, okwera okwera matabwa amaperekedwa. Malo ogwirizanitsa njira zoyenera, komanso chithandizo chawo, akukonzekera pasadakhale. Nthaŵi zina, mapangidwe a nyumba zamakampani ndi zomangamanga sangathe kuchita popanda kuwerengera kwa zonyamula katundu. Nambala ndi kukweza mphamvu zogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zotukulira zikuwerengedwa malinga ndi katundu ndi ogwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, elevita imodzi yokwanira kugwira ntchito yosinthana ndi antchito 30, kupatula kuti nyumbayi ili ndi kutalika kwa mamita 15.

Makhalidwe apangidwe ka malo osungiramo katundu

Zovuta kupanga kupanga malo osungiramo zipinda zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zosungidwa za katundu ndi zipangizo zina. Mwachitsanzo, malo omwe zakudya zakonzedweratu zikonzedwe kusungiramo ziyenera kukhala ndi mipanda popanda mphonje. Pachifukwa ichi, mfundo zomwe zimapanga zolepheretsa zoterezi ziyenera kukhala zolimba kuti mbewa zisamazidziwe. Izi ndizofunikira ngati zinthu zogwirizana ndi microclimate ndi zofikira kumalo osungirako mpweya zimasungidwa. Kawirikawiri, mapangidwe a nyumba zamakampani ogulitsa katundu ndi kusungiramo zakudya zikuchitika komanso ndi kuyembekezera zofunikira zapangidwe. Mwachitsanzo, zophimba pansi sizingapangidwe kuchokera ku decking, zomwe zili ndi tar ndi zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.

Mapangidwe a kukweza ndi kutsegula zigawo

Zambiri za kupanga ndi kusungirako ndi njira yowonongeka m'makampani ogulitsa mafakitale. Komabe, kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yogwira ntchito bwino, pakufunika kuyanjana komwe kuli koyenera komanso kutsegula zipangizo. Ntchito zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokweza mapulatifomu ndi makampu, omwe apangidwa kuti aganizire zofunikira zokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha antchito komanso chitetezo cha katundu wowonongeka. Zigawo zowonjezera za magulu azinthu zimatsimikiziridwa pa maziko a chidziwitso pa chiwongoladzanja cha katundu wogulitsa.

Kuphatikiza apo, mapangidwe a nyumba zamakampani ndi makampani ogulitsa posamalira katundu ndi kutsekula katundu ayenera kuganizira zofunikira za chitetezo cha moto. Makamaka izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamakwerero, omwe ali pafupi ndi nyumba ndi zipangizo zamakono. Zojambula zoterezi ziyenera kuyambitsidwa ndi zipangizo zosapsa komanso zosagwira ntchito.

Kutsiliza

Ubwino wa ntchito yomangirira umadalira, poyamba, pa umphumphu wa ochita. Makhalidwe oyendetsera amapereka chidziwitso chokwanira kuti wochitayo azindikire muzowona zonse njira yabwino yothetsera. Choncho, kasitomala ayenera kuganizira mabungwe omwe ali ndi zochitika zokwanira za zochitika zoterezi. Ku Russia, nkhaŵa zoterezi ndi makampani omanga "AZNH Group", NEOKA ndi Central Research Institute. Zolinga za nyumba zogona ndi zamakampani, mabungwe awa amachita ndi njira zamakono zamakono. Makamaka ojambula omwe ali ndi mapulani pa gawo lokonzekera njira yothetsera vutoli amatsogoleredwa ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zatsopano. Komanso, pa ntchito, zipangizo zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito geoinformation zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti apamwamba azisanthula madera kuti afotokozedwe bwino momwe zinthu zikuyendera.