Maselo T-Mthandizi, ndichiyani? Phunzirani tanthauzo mthandizi maselo T anakweza kapena adatchithisira

Thupi la munthu chikuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe ali pa ubwenzi zonse ndi mzake. The njira chachikulu ndi: kupuma, m'mimba, mtima, urogenital, endocrine ndi mantha kachitidwe. Pofuna kuteteza chilichonse cha zigawo izi, pali chitetezo chapadera. Limagwirira kuti tisasocheretsedwe ndi oipa zachilengedwe, ndi m'thupi. Iye, monga machitidwe zina za thupi, ali kugwirizana ndi kachitidwe chapakati mantha ndi zida endocrine.

Ntchito ya chitetezo cha m'thupi m'thupi

Ntchito yaikulu ya chitetezo chokwanira - chitetezo zinthu akunja mkatikati kwa chilengedwe kapena kwaiye endogenously nthaŵi pathological. zochita zake amachichita mwa maselo wapadera magazi - lymphocytes. Lymphocytes ndi maselo oyera ndi mitundu ndi zopezeka mu thupi la munthu. kuwonjezeka kumasonyeza kuti dongosolo akulimbana ndi wothandizila ena, ndiponso kuchepetsa - kulephera kwa chitetezo cha mthupi - akusowa m'thupi. Ntchito ina ndi neoplasms nkhondowo, amene akuyendera ndi chotupa necrosis china. chitetezo cha m'thupi zizindikiro kuchuluka kwa matupi, zimene zikulepheretsa kuti zinthu zoipa. Njirazi ndi monga:

• khungu;
• ndi thymus;
• ndulu;
• lymph mfundo;
• wofiira mafupa;
• magazi.

Pali 2 mitundu ya asilikali amene inextricably zogwirizana. chitetezo chokwanira ma amachita ulamuliro pa particles zoipa mwa T-lymphocytes. nyumba izi, nayenso lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu T maselo, T-suppressor ndi maselo T-wakupha.

Ntchito chitetezo chokwanira ma

chitetezo chokwanira ma ukugwira ntchito pa mlingo wa nyumba zing'onozing'ono thupi. chitetezo Izi zikuphatikizapo angapo lymphocytes osiyana, omwe amachita ntchito yeniyeni. Iwo onse ochokera kwa woyera maselo a mwazi ndi kutenga zambiri za iwo. Dzina la T-lymphocytes chifukwa malo awo a chiyambi - ndi thymus. The thymus England wayamba kubala nyumba izi m'thupi ngakhale pamene anthu chitukuko embryonic, zosiyanasiyana za zolinga zawo ali ana. Pang'onopang'ono, thupi imaleka kugwira ntchito, ndi zaka 15-18 imakhala yokha mafuta minofu. Thymus amapanga okha zinthu za chitetezo chokwanira ma - T maselo maselo mthandizi, maselo wakuphayo ndi suppressor.

Pambuyo kukhudzana ndi wothandizila lachilendo thupi imayendetsa dongosolo lake kumbuyo, mwachitsanzo chitetezo chokwanira. Choyamba chinthu zonse zoipa kuyamba kumenyana macrophages, ntchito zawo ndi kuyamwa Antigen. Ngati iwo sangathe kulimbana ndi ntchito zake, kulumikiza mlingo lotsatira chitetezo - chitetezo chokwanira ma. Woyamba kuzindikira Antigen kuti T-wakupha - wakupha wothandizila yachilendo. Activities maselo T-mthandizi ndi kuthandiza chitetezo cha m'thupi. Iwo kulamulira magawano ndi zosiyanasiyana maselo zonse za thupi. Wina wa ntchito zawo - mapangidwe ubwenzi wa awiriwa mitundu ya chitetezo chokwanira, mwachitsanzo thandizo B lymphocytes secrete chitetezo, kutsegula kwa nyumba zina (monocytes, maselo T-wakupha, maselo mlongoti). T-suppressors zofunika kuti tisakhale ndi ntchito yambiri pa athandizi ngati n'koyenera.

Mitundu ya maselo T-Mthandizi

Malinga ntchito ya maselo T-Mthandizi anawagawa mitundu iwiri: yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. Kupanga loyamba ikuchitika a chotupa necrosis Chinthu (kulimbana neoplasms), Popanga madzi a gamma interferon (kulimbana wothandizila tizilombo), interleukin-2 (nawo zochita yotupa). Zonse mwa zizindikiro zimenezi Cholinga chake ndi chiwonongeko cha antigens mkati maselo.

Mtundu wachiwiri wa maselo T-Mthandizi tiyenera kumalankhula ndi chitetezo chokwanira humoral. Maselo amenewa T kubala interleukins 4, 5, 10 ndi 13, kupereka ubwenzi. Komanso, T mthandizi mtundu 2 ndi udindo kwa kupanga IgE, amene chikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi thupi lawo siligwirizana wa chamoyo.

Achuluke kuchepa T mthandizi chamoyo

Pali malamulo wapadera wa lymphocytes mu thupi, kuphunzira awo amatchedwa immunogram. kupatuka aliyense, kaya chikusintha kapena kuchepetsa selo ankaona kuti nthenda, ndiko kukhala boma lililonse pathological. Ngati T mthandizi adatchithisira zikutanthauza thupi chitetezo sangathe mokwanira kusonyeza zotsatira zake. Chotero boma amakumana akusowa anati mimba ndi mkaka wa m'mawere, pambuyo matenda, matenda aakulu. Amaona kuti kukhala chiwonetsero chachikulu cha HIV - wathunthu kusokoneza chitetezo chokwanira kwa ma. Ngati maselo T-mthandizi, mu thupi pali pa-anachita antigens, mwachitsanzo ulamuliro awo akudutsa pa ndondomeko zawo zabwinobwino zimene pathological. Chotero chikhalidwe kumachitika pamene chifuwa.

Interconnection a chitetezo chokwanira ma ndi humoral

Monga amadziwika, chitetezo cha m'thupi amachita katundu wake wotetezera m'magawo awiri. Mmodzi wa iwo amachita chokhazikika pa dongosolo ma kuti ndi anakumana ndi mavairasi kapena rearrangements jini nthenda adamulowetsa kanthu kwa T-lymphocytes. Chachiwiri mlingo - humoral lamulo yomwe ikuchitika ndi kutsutsa thupi lonse kudzera immunoglobulins. kachitidwe chitetezo zina mukhoza ntchito mosiyana ndi mnzake, koma nthawi zina kucheza ndi mzake. Ife chitetezo chokwanira ma ndi humoral ikuchitika maselo T-Mthandizi, kuti, "athandizi". anthu ili la T-maselo kubala interleukins yeniyeni zikuphatikizapo: IL-4, 5, 10, 13. Popanda nyumba izi chitukuko ndi kugwira ntchito kwa chitetezo humoral zosatheka.

Mtengo wa maselo T-Mthandizi mu chitetezo cha m'thupi

Chifukwa amasulidwe interleukin chitetezo akufotokozera ndi kutiteteza ku zinthu zovulaza. Chotupa necrosis chinthu chindiletsa njira khansa, imene ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zofunikira kwambiri kwa thupi. Zonsezi ikuchitika maselo T-mthandizi. Ngakhale kuti iwo amachita njira zina (kudzera maselo ena), kufunika mu chitetezo cha m'thupi ndi zofunika kwambiri, monga iwo kuthandiza mu gulu la katundu poteteza lake.