Masinfikisi, chikhalidwe - chilombo, kudya chilichonse ndi mikuluwiko. The zithunzi mabuku

Masinfikisi, chikhalidwe - apa ife kukakomana ndi Tiutchev wopangidwa bwino bwino Agiriki ndi kuzindikira pokhala. Wolemba ndakatulo mu kulingalira wake nthanthi kuganizira mfundo amene anthu ambiri. Nthawi zambiri aphoristic ndi kuitanitsa owerenga kupitiriza mawunikidwe wake, kukhala "co-kuthandizira" titero. Kenako ndakatulo "The chikhalidwe cha masinfikisi" Tiutchev amapereka zonse chithunzi latsopano m'menemo pasakhale chanzeru kukambirana ndi kuwawa lobaya.

mwambi wa masinfikisi ndi

Mu Greek nthano masinfikisi anapereka ngati chilombo ndi mutu wamkazi chifukwa thupi mkango, mapiko a chiwombankhanga ndi njoka mchira. Iye anali kulondera khomo Thebes. Aliyense m'kupita anafunsa mwambi: "Kodi mwa cholengedwa akhoza kukhala anayi-miyendo, awiri miyendo kapena miyendo atatu". Mmodzi sayankha molondola, ndi masinfikisi kuzidya. Oedipus munthu yekha athawa tsoka ili. Iye anati: "Monga mwana, munthu kukwawa miyendo inayi, monga munthu wamkulu, kuyenda ndi miyendo iwiri, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito ndodo mu ukalamba." Anagonjetsa yankho chilombo anagwira kuchokera phompho ndipo anafa.

The masinfikisi ndi anthu osema miyala

Mu osema miyala Russian mu 20s mu St. Petersburg anali kama pansi udindo kwambiri "The Kufa masinfikisi". Ndiko kuti, iwo ankakhulupirira kuti nzeru zawo komanso erudition anawalola kuthetsa chithunzi. Izi, kumene ankadziwa Fi Tiutchev, ngati akuganiza kuti pali masinfikisi. Nature nthawi zonse zinthu m'njira ina. Komabe, masinfikisi chake kokha, chidina wa ku Egypt, ataima mwakachetechete ndi mwakachetechete pamaso pa chipululu choopsya ngati chizindikiro cha muyaya. Iye amayang'ana molunjika patsogolo, m'tsogolo, pamene ife pamodzi ndi anthu onse amene Adatitsogolera, ankakhala moyo wake waufupi, na ciyezezo muyaya. Ndipo nthawizonse wakhala ndipo nthawizonse adzakhala ali. Izi ndi masinfikisi. Nature, cosmogony ake, ngakhale zambiri otchuka, ozizira ndipo ndiyanzeru, ndipo mwala mosalephera nthaŵi zonse ake.

dziko Tiutchev

dziko A Mudali ndakatulo, nthawi zonse ziwiri: amamuchititsa kukhala ndekha, koma anachita chidwi ndi dziko wokongola Mulungu, kumene mphete mitsinje ndi onunkhira maluwa pachimake ndipo pamene thambo chimaonekera. Apa pafupi asaone kusungulumwa, merging ndi chilengedwe chonse.

Kumayambiriro malo ndakatulo

Mu unyamata wake, mu 20s, ndi Fi Tiutchev anazindikira zachilengedwe munthu wamoyo ali ndi mzimu ndi chinenero. Iye akanakhoza kusanzira ndi yamabingu monga Chikho chimene Hebe, kuseka, wokhetsedwa pa dziko lapansi, ndipo yamvumbi bingu. Masinfikisi, chikhalidwe si zotsutsana ndi poyerekeza ndakatulo. Pa wophunzira zaka wake mu osiyanasiyana zofuna ndi kuwerenga amaphatikiza awiri wowumba maganizo pa nthawi, chosiyana ndi mzake zinthu zambiri ngakhale zosiyana kwa wina ndi mzake - Pascal ndi Rousseau. Iwo onse ali sanaiwale kwathunthu Tiutchev. Patapita nthawi yaitali, pambuyo Pascal, wolemba ndakatulo adzaitana munthu "kung'ung'udza kuganiza Bango." Ndipo lingaliro la Rousseau chikhalidwe ayankhula mu chilankhulo chomveka kwa anthu onse, anali wokongola kwa Tiutchev, omwe amasonyeza chakuti iye analemba kuti m'chilengedwe pali chikondi ndi ufulu. Koma ndakatulo kupeza njira zawo kumvetsa dziko, kaphatikizidwe mmodzi chikondi, nzeru ndi chikhalidwe. Koma njira za mfundo chikhalidwe - ndi masinfikisi adzakhala yaitali.

Mbali khalidwe la chikhalidwe mu ndakatulo wamng'ono

Romanticism wapeza malo lalikulu, ndipo sangathe koma kusiya sanachite ndakatulo Tiutchev a. Mwezi iye - Mulungu Sangalalani, phiri - mulungu mbadwa, tsiku lake chivundikiro Anapachikidwa pa phompho thanthwe dziko waluntha, milungu mwamba. Zithunzi zonse ndakatulo chapamwamba ndipo kwambiri chikondi, ndi zambiri jubilant. Osati kotero adzakhala mochedwa Tiutchev.

Lyrics okhwima ndakatulo

Mu 30-40s modetsa nkhawa kuwonjezeka zolinga ntchito za mlakatuli, makamaka pamene iye akuganiza za chikondi ndi chikhalidwe. Choncho, kodi yotsatira "Spring Madzi" ndi zokongola yowala mtundu wawo mokondwera, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, iye akhoza kuwona chinsinsi ndi osokoneza kumwetulira za chilengedwe, ndi wosamvetsetseka "chete" pamene maganizo akhale chete ngati nyenyezi usiku, chifukwa anali wolemba ndakatulo amadziwa zosatheka mawu kusonyeza chimodzimodzi zomwe iye anachita mantha ndi nkhawa.

nthawi ina

Mu 50-70-ntchentche wa kukulitsa nkhawa kuti nthaŵi zonse kaonedwe Tyutchev. Moyo wayamba chikumka chichepa ndi mtima. Akukamba za awiri ankhondo oopsa, amene mukugwira nawo lililonse tsogolo chibadwire ku manda, imfa, ndi Court anthu. Ndipo ngakhale imakhumbira momwe Sungunulani mmitambo mu mlengalenga, ngati uchi fungo Kafungo kuchokera kumunda, izo sizingakhale chithunzi lachikondi kumaliza mwakachetechete ndi kwambiri zaka zidzachoka, tidzapita, komanso mtsinje mtsinje ndi m'minda kugona pansi kutentha. M'zaka zimenezi, ndipo adzalembedwa mzere "Nature - masinfikisi", yochepa ndakatulo ndi aphoristic. Mofanana ndi ena ambiri anatuluka cholembera cha ntchito ndakatulo wa nzeru zapamwamba za.

"Nature - masinfikisi"

maganizo nthanthi za zinsinsi za moyo, 66 wazaka ndakatulo mu 1869, adza kwa mfundo yakuti zinsinsi zonse - iyi ndi nthano zenizeni. Mikuluwiko ya masinfikisi m'chilengedwe - uwu si mwambi konse. Iwo alibe kanthu pothetsa, iwo ayenera kutenga chabe. Ndizo basi kufuna kuphatikiza ndi chinachake chachikulu kuyambira pa unyamata wake ankazunza ndakatulo, chifukwa iye ankadziwa kuti masoka munthu sangathe kusintha. A wokhulupirira mwa izo mafunso chinsinsi cha chilengedwe cha dziko ndi Mlengi. Mophiphiritsa mu chikhalidwe, mwina sanali konse, ngakhale afunsa, monga zonena wolemba. Anatengedwa ngati zachabechabe, yopanda monga chikhalidwe - ndi masinfikisi, Tiutchev zitha sakhulupiriranso mu Mlengi wa asodzi a. Pa nthawiyi, udzachitike mndandanda wa imfa zowawa: E. Denisiev anafa 1864, ana awo - wamkazi Helen ndi mwana Nicholas - mu 1865, mayi wake - mu 1866, ndi kale kwambiri - mkazi wake Eleanor. Ndipo kanthu sizingasinthidwe. Mu mdima kakasi mtheradi zipsera bata pa pepala aphoristic mzere "Nature - masinfikisi" Tjutchev. Quatrain olembedwa wapadera ooneka enieni iambic pentameter.

ndemanga Turgenev

Timayamikira ndiponso kukonda ndakatulo Tyutchev NDI Turgenev analemba pafupifupi zaka khumi kenako, ndakatulo awiri prose - "masinfikisi" ndi "Nature". Iye samakana ndakatulo "Nature -. Za masinfikisi" Tiutchev anayambitsa, kuposa kale, amene kuwononga chilengedwe ndi masinfikisi - mwini wake. Turgenev nayenso anaphunzira mu mawu a masinfikisi ngati Yaroslavl, Ryazan, kaya osauka mochenjera, limene palibe Oedipus si kumasulira. Nature mu Turgenev ndi wankhanza kwambiri ndi otchuka, ndipo palibe kusiyana pakati nthata ndi "mfumu" zamoyo zonse - anthu. Iye amadziwa ngakhale chabwino kapena choipa, ndi mofanana za chisamaliro onse ndi kupha onse. Lamulo lake - yekha maganizo.

Onse namatetule Russian, wamphamvu anakonda ndipo anamvetsa chikhalidwe ndi amene ankadziwa nzeru, aliyense njira zawo anafika chitukuko mutuwo, kupereka owerenga kuyang'ana pa icho kuchokera mbali zosiyana.