Maudindo a ntchito zaluso wakale. Images wa Old kupenta Russian

Old Russian luso mwachindunji ndi luso Byzantium, kapena m'malo ndi amphamvu nthambi. Popeza chitukuko amagwirizana ndi ubatizo wa Yairo, chito zofunika akuonetsedwa zithunzi za oyera ndi zithunzi za m'Baibulo. Maudindo a ntchito za wakale luso umboni "Ustyug Annunciation", "The Virgin Orans", "Khirisimasi". Vuto limeneli lilipo kwa zaka zingapo.

nyengo kwabasi

History of Old kupenta Russian lagawidwa nthawi kuwiri. Woyamba unakhala pakati pa IX kuti XIII atumwi. Njirayi imatchedwa kuti luso la Kievan Lazaro.

The nthawi yachiwiri amagwirizana ndi mapangidwe wa Moscow State. Pa chitukuko (kuchokera XIII m'ma XVII.), Written by osiyanasiyana zosaneneka ntchito wapatali luso. nthawi Major nayenso anawagawa masitepe ang'onoang'ono kuti imakhudzana ndi zochitika zina za mbiri yakale, kuti asanene amaonekera ake pa zithunzi ndi storylines. Maudindo a ntchito zaluso wakale, amene analengedwa mu nthawi Chikristu chisanayambe sakudziwika.

Wachikunja kukhulupirira mizimu elemental kumulambira, anatisiyira ife chuma cha wozungulira nyanga wokometsedwa ndi siliva chabwino, zithunzi zosiyanasiyana za dzuwa, mbalame, maluwa - zonse zimene anthu ankakhulupirira panthawiyo. Mu Kiev anasunga akachisi ndi mafano chibwenzi kumbuyo kwa chaka 980. Images wa Old kupenta Russian analankhulana Perrunom, Hatchi, Makosh ndi milungu ina yachikunja.

Udindo wa Byzantium mu chitukuko luso la Lazaro

Mbiri ya nthambi Byzantine anayamba ndi ubatizo wa Lazaro Prince Vladimir. Iwo wayitanidwa ojambula zithunzi zambiri kumanga akachisi ndi kuphunzitsa luso ndi iconography wa m'misili. Mpingo wamkulu anapangidwa nkhuni. Iye, mwatsoka, wanena sanapulumuke.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XIII, asilikali a Batu Khan anawononga pafupifupi onse mizinda ya ku Russia. The opulumuka Pskov ndi Novgorod anapitiriza kulenga amisiri. Mmodzi wa iwo anali wotchuka Feofan Grek, mbadwa ya Byzantium. Iye anagwira ntchito yekha ndi akaphunzire ophunzitsidwa, amene anali Andrei Rublev. Maudindo a ntchito za wakale luso chizindikiro zojambulajambula - "The Annunciation", "The Angelo Gabriel", "Zinafika ku Gahena" ndi ena ambiri - amadziwika bwino ngakhale kwa anthu amene si amakonda luso kwambiri.

iconography Rublev

Zizindikiro ndi frescoes Andreya Rubleva anakhala chitsanzo kwa mibadwo yina yonse. Onse zinapatsira ndi amalingalira ndi kudzichepetsa, chikondi ndi chikondi cha Khristu. Mkhalidwe umenewu chimasiyanitsa ntchito yake ku ntchito za Feofana Greka, amene anaphunzitsa Rublev. Byzantine Master kulemba ankafalitsa mwakhama ndi chisoni, iye anatero. Andrei Rublev padera gawo la moyo wake aliyense chiwembu. Old Russian chizindikiro zojambulajambula kupenta sasiya aliyense mafani chidwi kapena anthu wamba.

Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana XV, pamene Russia anachotsa gori la Chitata Mongol, Moscow anachuluka ndi kukhala malo enieni - likulu la boma lamphamvu. Zomangamanga anali mu pachimake. Moscow Kremlin wakhumudwa kupitirira kuzindikira. Panali lalikulu mapulani gulu loyimba chokongoletsedwa ndi Cathedral Square. Akachisi chokongoletsedwa ndi nambala yaikulu zithunzi ndi frescoes wokongola kwambiri.

dziko lonse

Pa nthawi imeneyi, kachiwiri kuyanga Tirhana na Timatheriyali. Akalonga ndi Ankhondo a banja anayamba kuyitanitsa olamulira a zinthu lapadera losema, makapu, mbale, ambiri mwa unaperekedwa kwa amonke ndi akachisi.

Wotchuka kusoka Russia wakale. Wambiri mwa kwake agulupa Solovetsky. Craftswomen nsalu cophimba "Cyril Belozersky" akuguba iconostasis, "The Virgin ya Moto" ndi ena. Onse a iwo ankaimira mu Russian Museum ndipo ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri cholowa luso la boma la Russia.

XVII m'ma wotchuka luso kuyambiranso pa zomangamanga. Chuma chofunika kwambiri ndi amadutsa popita Kosungira Zida, olengedwa mwa ambuye zabwino. Nthawi yomweyo chinali chiyambi cha chithunzi luso Russia. nkhope ya mfumu otchulidwa luso kulemba chizindikiro. Maudindo a ntchito zaluso wakale ntchito parsuna ali wotchuka, mwachitsanzo, "mtanda Chinese" Bogdan Saltanov.

Zochitika za 1917 zinachititsa kuti ulamuliro kulibe Mulungu. zipilala ambiri a Russian luso Old ndi zomangamanga atayika mpaka kalekale, kuti kukhale kovuta kuphunzira nyengo chachikulu cha Orthodox. Komabe, pambuyo pa zaka zambiri, chidwi mbiri yake panatenga ndipo tsopano pachimake, chizindikirochi kachiwiri kutenga malo ake oyenera mu mipingo Russian.