Maurits Cornelis Escher: zojambula, yonena

Kuwonjezera talente luso Maurits Escher anali ndi mphatso yapadera yomwe kupangika moyo wawo wonse - ndicho, amatha kuona pa dziko ndipo icho kuchokera makona zachilendo. N'kovuta kwambiri - kuona kupitirira alipidwa zosayembekezereka, palibe anali asanaonepo.

Zilandiridwenso Maurits Escher

Mwana wa injiniya, George Escher ndi mkazi wake Sarah mu chaka cha 1898 mu Netherlands, mwana wachisanu anabadwa, dzina lake Maurizio. Iwo ankakhala Leeuwarden nyumba imene m'nyumbayi 'Princessehof' tsopano. Banja inkakhala luntha ndi amisiri m'njira waukulu mawu. Msuwani wamng'ono Escher anali Wolemba, kuti ndi munthu tcheru ndi mkulu mlingo wa chiyanjano, anamanga mfundo zimatsatira.

Kwambiri Maurits Escher anaphunzitsidwa ndi S. de A Mesquita ndi chikumbumtima anasankha ntchito ya engraver, osati chithunzicho. Monga maziko, iye anayesa zosiyanasiyana zipangizo - linoleum, mwala (adzakhala mwachindunji kuti nkhaniyi imatengedwa okha zipsera, osati zipsera), nkhuni. Ngati poyamba M. Escher analenga ntchito zake pa osiyanitsa wa utoto, ndiyeno pambuyo pake adzalowa ntchito zake mtundu.

msanga (1916-1922)

zipsera Traditional anapangidwa mwina linoleum, kapena mtengo. Izi si Escher, amene zojambula akuzindikiridwa yomweyo.

Chitaliyana nthawi (1922-1935)

Limodzi mwa mabuku amalikonda anali Escher a "Alice mu ochititsa chidwi". Pa nthawi yomweyo akupitiriza kuphunzira luso la mayiko XV m'ma kumpoto kwa Ulaya. "Dzanja ndi dera n'zofanana," uyu anali Lithography 1935 chaka zotsatira. Iwo imatchedwanso ndi kudzikonda chithunzi. Dzanja amene wagwirizira zibaluni ozungulira, utoto mosapita kwambiri, moti mizere onse owoneka a moyo ndi malingaliro, ndi zonse khwinya pa zala zake. Mkati mpira kumaonekeranso Escher situdiyo ku Roma kuti: mipando molakwika mpira, wopota iwo monga mazenera ndi denga. Makoma anayang'ana kupyolera mu bookshelves, zithunzi mafelemu. Mmodzi wa iwo akunena za chidole cha Indonesia chidole zisudzo. Engraver yekha kuyang'ana pa wowerenga mwachindunji, kusunga mkati mwa dera kotero kuti chala pokhudzana ndi chala kunja. Mofananamo akuonetsedwa ndi chala chaching'ono.

A chofunika ntchito imeneyi, Escher anali "Komabe Moyo ndi galasi ozungulira," mu 1934. Mu engraver izi lithographic iye akuonetsedwa pa ntchito. Iwo lili mkati botolo wozungulira ndi makoma n'zofanana. Uli pa nyuzipepala, amene, mofanana ndi zinthu anayikidwa pa buku chatsekedwa. Nearby waima chitsulo mbalame ndi mutu wa munthu. Ndipo iye, ndi manyuzipepala mwina zimaonekera mu botolo.

Mu pepala ili timaphunzira gradations onse a mtundu wakuda: kwambiri wakuda maziko, wakuda mbalame gloss zitsulo, mithunzi ya wakuda ndi imvi mkati botolo. Chithunzi cha bambo ndi galasi lokulitsira mu dzanja wodzazidwa ndi lolondola scrupulous tingawapeze kwambiri ndi chikondi kwa makolo. Mu nthawi Italy, Escher, amene zojambula kutsatira chikhalidwe, sanabadwe anafika kuphunzira malo atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena.

Galasi zinthu chosokonekera

Pa mbuye kwambiri kufooketsedwa ndi ankadziwa Zithunzi Arab, anaona pa Alhambra ndi Cordoba, komanso malamulo zojambula. Zonsezi anatengera Escher, amene zojambula agwera ife mu dziko chosokonekera. Iye amatenga zidutswa ndi Chili iwo mu zithunzi ndi. Chimodzi mwa fanizo kwambiri - "zokwawa" (March 1943). Pa wowerenga azindikire tebulo lithography. Iwo amakopera ndi chitsanzo zithunzi zapoizoni. Pa nsonga lamanja la chithunzi limasonyeza bwanji mmodzi wa iwo akuyamba kutsitsimutsa ndi ndituluke wa pepala pepala. Iwo ukuyamba kumene kuphunzira si mosabisa, ndi dziko atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena. Ena nakhalanso ndi wabweza buku awo mwachangu kukwawa pa bukhu, makona, kumakwawa pa dodecahedron, tiyeni izo nthunzi kuchokera m'mphuno mwake, kumakwawa pa pepala ndipo, kutseka bwalo, kukhala Zithunzi lathyathyathya kachiwiri.

chithunzi ichi ndi chododometsa ndi zowawa za nthabwala. kaya ali subtext nzeru zaumunthu? Mwina. Ndipotu, tebulo wapereka zinthu zinayi zimene zimapanga dziko. dziko ili ndi mu mphika, moto unazunguliridwa mu bokosi la machesi, madzi udzathiridwa mu galasi, ndi mpweya kuti amapuma buluzi. Pa tebulo ndi kabukhu kakang'ono ndi zilembo Latin, amene ali wosokoneza. Ena anamutengera iye kwa buku la Yobu. Ndipotu ndi mtundu okha wa pepala ndudu. The m'mabokosi ayenera kuti Escher anali zachizoloŵezi wosuta.

Inde, ntchito yabwino "usana ndi usiku" (1938). chinthu imeneyi imagwiranso ku nkhani chosokonekera. Escher, amene zojambula nthawi iyi unali usanakhale otchuka, mokhudza kwambiri za masamu. thabwa ichi poyamba unkachitika magalimoto kuwala mbalame lamanzere kuwala usiku n'zofanana. Ndiyeno yekha kuonetsa zimenedi "zoipa", monga chithunzi: mbalame Black kuuluka pa thambo woyera zosiyana. Ndipo pamene ankaona zosiyana, zikuoneka kuti usiku wamdima limatuluka kuti tsiku woyera. Randomness akutembenukira inalamula, ndi mosemphanitsa. Imeneyo ndiyo duality nzeru ya chosema lapansi.

galasi malo

Mu December 1955 ndandanda ntchito latsopano linasindikizidwa. Pamaso kuti Escher mitunda anali zimathandizadi ndithu, ochiritsira ndi bwino. Iwo anali owala kwambiri, monga "Chipale", adzaika mu Alps. "Atatu a dziko" komanso zonse zimene zimapangitsa Esher, anadabwa. Izi dziwe lalikulu kapena nyanja (amene mukufuna kulingalira) mu kugwa. Tiwolokere padziko madzi ndi masamba wagwa a mitengo. The pamwamba pa madzi - ichi ndi dziko loyamba. The chachiwiri - mu kuya kwa nyanja, pamene ife tikuwona chinsomba. Iye sali yekha kunja uko, ngati mmene zilili panopo. korona mtengo, zimaonekera madzi, monga mwa kalilore, mizu kuwonekera mitengo wowerenga wosaoneka. Kodi tiyenera kuyambitsa, ndipo pali dziko lachitatu.

zolengedwa paradoxical

Ndi zojambula ndi zojambula mochita kugoba za Escher ali mu dziko la chododometsa. Iwo kudabwa omvera ndipo ngakhale yochititsa chosokonekera, ndipo usasiye chiyembekezo osayanjanitsika akusocheretsa view mu osawerengeka. Master wosachita kunja malire pakati pa luso, masamu ndi nzeru. Iwo mogwirizana mu wina ndi mnzake.

Chiphunzitso cha relativity mu ntchito ya MC Escher

Wina lithography, imene December 1953 lofalitsidwa ndi MC Escher - "Relativity". Iye anachita mu kalembedwe surrealism. Iwo amaonetsera m'dziko limene pali malamulo yachibadwa yokoka. Onse kapangidwe mapulani ili ku likulu la dera yabata. Iwo ali mawindo, pamafelemu a nyumba wopita ku paki superstructure. Anthu ambiri ali mwachisawawa kwambiri zosowa zawo zachuma. Chiwerengerochi onse atavala zovala zomwezo. mutu awo ziwembu zopulula anayerekezera mababu. Kapangidwe ka nyumbayi tichipeza masitepe asanu ndi awiri. Aliyense wa iwo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu amene ali mu maiko osiyanasiyana yokoka. Pa cithunzithunzi malo atatu yokoka. Kunena mwachidule, iwo ali perpendicular kwa wina ndi mzake. Pakati pa bwino yokoka ndi chizolowezi malamulo.

Izi amalenga zotsatira chidwi. Pamwamba pa makwerero, anthu awiri za thupi zinthu zosiyanasiyana yokoka, kupita mu njira imodzi kumbali imodzi ya makwerero, koma mmodzi wa iwo akupita pansi, winayo akupita. Pa masitepe ena awiri anthu ntchito ndege yomweyo, koma kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zosiyanasiyana. Iwo amapita ku njira imodzi, koma kubwera ku malo osiyana. kupenta akusonyezanso ndi m'mapaki zitatu za ku zitsime osiyana yokoka. zitseko zonse, koma kutsogolera kosungira pansipa paki. Zimenezi zimawonjezera zotsatira surreal pa chithunzipo. Ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndi luso la sayansi kaganizidwe ka anthu.

Wojambula Maurits Escher

Mu masamu komanso nzeru, mwaluso amatulukira ndi chisel ndi kujambula, mwaluso kusewera ndi mtundu wakuda ndi gradations ake onse, anauziridwa ndi Dutch mbuye. ndakatulo A mtima, iye anaulula mogwirizana, kuti tinene Pushkin ajebura. M. Escher kwakukuru ophatikizana luso ndi sayansi. Malamulo a sayansi, mwa zotsatira makamaka kuwala, iwo afufuza kwambiri kwambiri. Musanyengedwe wake analengedwa mu sewerolo chachikulu cha kuwala ndi mthunzi. Izi anawonetseredwa makamaka polenga buku mosiyanasiyana zojambula, monga "Cuba". masewera danga lithograph Escher a akuwonetseredwa mu "Waterfall". Kwambiri chikondi patatu rotational chosokonekera njoka, kupanga bwalo (1969). Nthawi zambiri, poyerekezera ndi ntchito za MC Escher, kani, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "mfundo masamu". Maganizo ndi chidziwitso iye sanatenge, ndipo aliyense chithunzi iye akanakhoza kuika munthu ku mapeto akufa. Koma, kuyang'ana pa ntchito zake, inu kupeza chitsulo mfundo, mogwirizana ndi malamulo ndi zomwe anamanga.