Mawerengedwe a maziko. Chitsanzo cha mawerengedwe a maziko mulu, ndodo, columnar, monolithic, slab. Mawerengedwe a m'munsi maziko chitsanzo. maziko mawerengedwe a rollover kuti: Chitsanzo

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira muyezo ntchito pokonza ndi mawerengedwe zapansi, chitsanzo cha mawerengedwe a maziko wosalira ndi mawerengedwe. Kuchokera pa ayamikira chili mu Nkhani akhoza asalakwitse pomanga kapangidwe anasankha (columnar, mulu, ndodo kapena mtundu slab).

columnar m'munsi

Mwachitsanzo, ntchito imodzi-storey nyumba magawo mawu a 6x6 m, ndipo mpanda wa mitengo 15x15 cm (volumetric kulemera kwa makilogalamu 789 / m³), nakonza mbali lakunja mpukutu wa kutchinjiriza akalowa. Limagubuduzika nyumba wapangidwa konkire: kutalika - 800 mamilimita Mulifupi - 200 mm (volumetric Unyinji wa nkhani yowona - 2099 makilogalamu / m³). Bukuli lili ndi analimbitsa simenti mtengo gawo 20x15 (volumetric ntchito yakumadzulo / yakumadzulo - 2399). Makoma ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 300, ndi kuiwaliratu denga ndi kusiyana ndi ndiziwunda awiri. Kapu ndi kukweza matabwa anakonza pa matabwa mtanda gawo 15x5, ndi insulated ndi ubweya mchere (chochuluka kutchinjiriza misa ndi 299 kg).

Kudziwa katundu miyezo (SNIP), umatha agwire mawerengedwe a maziko. Mwachitsanzo mawerengedwe a maziko limakupatsani msanga kuchita kuwerengetsera kwa nyumba yake.

akatundu mchikhalidwe

• Pa plinth - 149,5 makilogalamu / m².
• The chapamwamba - 75.
• Wakudziko kwa chisanu potsegula m'dera mu gulu pakati pa RF anali 99 makilogalamu / m² ndi kulemekeza malo denga (yopingasa chigawo).
• Kuchokera pa nkhwangwa osiyana kunyamula katundu osiyana kuthamanga.

Kuvutitsa wina olamulira

zizindikiro yeniyeni katundu structural ndi zolimbana choti molondola kuwerengetsa zapansi lapansi. Chitsanzo cha mawerengedwe a maziko amaperekedwa kwa mayiko omanga novice.

Kamangidwe mavuto "1" olamulira ndi "3" (lomaliza khoma):

• Kuyambira chipika khoma alipo: 600 × 300 masentimita = 1800 cm². chithunzi Izi kuchulukitsa ndi makulidwe a alipo ofukula za masentimita 20 (titsate akumaliza kunja). Analandira: 360 cm³ × 799 makilogalamu / m³ = 0,28 m.
• M'mphepete mtengo: 20 × 15 × 600 = 1800 cm³ × 2399 ~ 430 makilogalamu.
• Patsinde: 20 × 80 × 600 = 960 cm³ × 2099 ~ 2160 kg.
• Kuyambira kapu ya. Kudziwa misa onse a alipo, ndiye watenga mbali 1/4 la izo.

Mitengoyi ndi mbali 5x15 anaika iliyonse 500 mm. kulemera ndi 200 cm³ × 800 makilogalamu / m³ = 1600 kg.

M'pofunika kudziwa kulemera kwa pansi slab ndi binder m'gulu zapansi ndi mawerengedwe. Chitsanzo cha mawerengedwe a wosanjikiza maziko limasonyeza kutchinjiriza makulidwe a 3 cm.

voliyumu ndi 6 mamilimita × 360 = 2160 cm² cm³. Komanso, mtengo ndi kuchulukitsa ndi 800, ndi kuchuluka kwa makilogalamu 1700.

Maminolo ubweya kutchinjiriza kukhala makulidwe a masentimita 15.

zizindikiro Volumetric wofanana 15 × 360 = 540 cm³. Pamene kuchulukitsa ndi osalimba a 300,01 kupeza makilogalamu 1620.

Total: 1600,0 + 1700,0 + 1600,0 = 4900,0 kg. Onse akufufuta 4, timapeza 1,25 m.

• Ku chapamwamba ~ makilogalamu 1200;
• Kuchokera padenga: misa onse a limbikitsa (1 / 2kryshi) amaganizira unyinji wa matabwa denga, ndi kuiwaliratu yazokonza pansi grating - 50 okha makilogalamu / m² × 24 = 1200 kg.

Ponseponse pa katundu nyumba columnar (kuti "1" olamulira ndi "3" chofunika kupeza gawo 1/4 la kuthamanga okwana padenga) akulola mawerengedwe a maziko mulu. Chitsanzo cha dongosolo pansi kulingalira ndi abwino kwa yomanga mankhwala.

• Ku mbali ya (600.0 × 600.0) / 4 = 900.0 × 150,0 makilogalamu / m² = 1350,0 kg.
• Ku chapamwamba: 2 nthawi zosakwana kwa kapu ndi.
• Chipale: (100 makilogalamu / m² × 360 cm²) / 2 = 1800 kg.

Mwachidule: mwachidule kuyeza katundu structural wa tonnes 9,2, ndi zolimbana kuthamanga - 4.1. Ulendo uliwonse chitsulo chogwira matayala "1" ndi "3" ndi kutsegula za 13,3 m.

Zaphindu kuthamanga axially "2" (apakatikati kotenga mzere):

• Kuyambira kulowererana chipika mpanda, m'mphepete mtengo ndi padziko plinth ofanana katundu mfundo za "1" olamulira ndi "3": 3000 + 500 + 2000 = 5500 kg.
• Kwa kapu ndi chapamwamba, ali awiri kanjedza 2600 2400 = 5000 kg.

Pansipa zolimbana katundu ndi mawerengedwe a m'munsi maziko. Ntchito Chitsanzo mfundo zoyerekeza:

• Ku mbali ya: 2800 kg.
• Ku chapamwamba: 1400.

Mwachidule: okwana index zaphindu kuthamanga ndi 10,5 T, normative loadings - 4.2 mamita "2" olamulira ndi kulemera pafupifupi 14700 makilogalamu ..

Kukakamiza olamulira "A" ndi "B" (mzere yopingasa)

Asayansi anapangidwa zochokera structural kulemera chipika khoma overlaps randbalok ndi kapu (3, 0,5 ndi 2 m). Kuthamanga pa maziko a makoma awa adzakhala: 3000 2000 + 500 = 5500 kg.

Number zake

Kuti mudziwe chiwerengero cha mizati gawo 0,3 m, amaona pansi kukana (R):

• Pamene R = 2,50 makilogalamu / cm² (kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito muyeso) ndi kuchitira nsapato m'dera 7,06 m² (kwa kuphweka anapezazo kutenga mtengo kochepa - 7 m²), chizindikiro cha ndime imodzi onyamula mphamvu ndi: P = 2.5 × 7 = 1 75 matani.
• Chitsanzo cha mawerengedwe a columnar maziko nthaka kukana R = 1,50 zimatengera mtundu zotsatirazi: F = 1.5 × 1.05 = 7.
• Pamene R = 1,0 amakhala ndi ndime imodzi katundu mphamvu tsa = 1.0 × 7 = 0,7.
• Fundo madzi nthaka nthawi 2 zosakwana osachepera tebulo akalozera Mtengo 1.0 makilogalamu / cm². Pa akuya masentimita 150, pafupifupi 0,55. Kuchitira mphamvu mzati ndi P = 0,6 × 0.42 = 7.

Chifukwa osankhidwa kunyumba chofunika buku 0,02 m³ konkire.

kuika mfundo

• Pansi khoma denga: pamodzi azitha "1" ndi "3" ndi kulemera kwa ~ 13,3 m.
• Olamulira "2" ndi kulemera kwa ~ 14,700 kg.
• Pansi khoma denga la nkhwangwa "A" ndi "B" ndi kulemera kwa ~ makilogalamu 5500.

Ngati mukufuna kuwerengera rollover maziko, chitsanzo cha kuwerengetsera ndi kachitidwe amapatsidwa nyumba yaikulu. iwo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera wakunja kwatawuni. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa yogawa kulemera, chimene chimafuna mawerengedwe mosamalitsa chiwerengero cha mitengoyo.

Zitsanzo za kuwerengetsa chiwerengero cha mizati kwa mitundu yonse nthaka

Chitsanzo 1:

R = 2,50 makilogalamu / cm²

Pakuti slabs khoma pamodzi ndi gawo la "1" ndi "3":

13.3 / 1.75 ~ 8 mizati.

Malinga ndi "2" olamulira:

14.7 / 1.75 ~ 9 ma PC.

Pamodzi zigawo ndi "A" ndi "B":

5.5 / 1.75 = 3.1.

Only za 31 ndime. Volumetric anasonyeza konkire zakuthupi 31 × 2 = 62 mm³ cm³.

CHITSANZO 2:

R = 1,50

Kudzera "1" ndi "3" ~ 12 mizati.

Malinga ndi "2" olamulira ~ 14.

Pamodzi zigawo "A" ndi "B" ~ 6.

Total ~ 50 zidutswa. Volumetric anasonyeza konkire zinthu ~ 1.0 m³.

CHITSANZO 3:

Pansipa, mungaphunzire mmene ife kuwerengetsa maziko monolithic. Chitsanzo zapatsidwa kwa nthaka ndi tebulo index R = 1,0. Zimatengera mtundu zotsatirazi:

Kudzera "1" ndi "2" ~ 19 ma PC.

Khoma "2" ~ 21.

Pamodzi zigawo "A" ndi "B" ~ 8.

Total - 75 mizati. Volume index zakuthupi mwala ndi za 1,50 m³.

Mwachitsanzo 4:

R = 0,60

Kudzera "1" ndi "3" ~ 32 ma PC.

Malinga ndi "2" olamulira ~ 35.

Pamodzi zigawo "A" ndi "B" ~ 13.

Total - 125 posts. Volume index zakuthupi mwala ndi pafupifupi 250 CC.

Mu kuwerengetsera awiri oyambirira ngodya posts amene anaika pa mphambano za nkhwangwa ndi mizere kotenga - ndi phula chomwecho. Pansi chapansi pa makoma mapeto a zipilala akuponyedwa mu analimbitsa simenti m'mphepete mtengo formwork.

Mwachitsanzo №3 pa intersecting nkhwangwa anakonza pa ndime 3. A ambiri otere zapansi m'magulu pamodzi "1" olamulira, "2" ndi "3". Mwa omanga njira imeneyi imatchedwa "chitsamba". Pa osiyana "chitsamba" chofunika kukhazikitsa wamba yakumadzulo / yakumadzulo headroom-raft maziko kupititsa patsogolo Kusinthaku ake pa zipilala, zomwe zili pa nkhwangwa "A" ndi "B" randbalok.

CHITSANZO №4 zimathandiza pa mphambano ndi mbali kotenga wa mizere (1-3) amange "tchire" zake 4 ndi zina khazikitsa iwo kutha makoma, grills. Pa iwo anaika pansi pa plinth wa m'mphepete mtengo.

tepi m'munsi

Yerekezerani pansipa masamu Mzere maziko. Chitsanzo zapatsidwa polingalira ngalande 150 masentimita kuya (m'lifupi - 40). njira ladzala ndi osakaniza mchenga 50 cm, ndi zina wodzazidwa ndi simenti ndi kutalika kwa mita imodzi. Pamafunika chitukuko cha nthaka (1800 cm³), atagona mchenga kachigawo (600) ndi simenti (1200).

Kuyambira 4-columnar m'munsi kuyerekezera akutengedwa lachitatu.

Borer opaleshoni pa malo a 75 cm³ ndi yobwezeretsanso nthaka kiyubiki mamita 1.5, kapena nthawi 12 wocheperako (nthaka otsala ntchito backfill). Kufunika mu konkire Kusakaniza - 150 CC, kapena za 8 nthawi ang'onoang'ono, ndi nusu mchenga - 100 (kuti chofunika pansi pa matabwa akuthandiza). Near maziko analenga kufufuza chibowo zimathandiza kudziwa boma la nthaka. Ndi deta tabular 1 ndi 2 amusankha kukana.

Zofunika! mizere pansi deta yidzalola kuti agwire mawerengedwe a maziko slab - chitsanzo chabwino kwa mitundu yonse nthaka.

Fundo dothi lamchenga

Table. 1

kukana nthaka gawo lapansi, ndi makilogalamu / masentimita ³

mchenga kachigawo	Mlingo kachulukidwe
	wandiweyani	Sredneplotny
chachikulu	4,49	3,49
chapakati	3,49	2,49
Small: malovlazhnogo / yonyowa	3-2,49	2
Yafumbi: malovlazhnogo / yonyowa	2,49-1,49	2-1

Table. 2

Fundo dongo nthaka

nthaka	mlingo porosity	nthaka kukana, makilogalamu / masentimita 3
		olimba	kusinthasintha
mchenga loam	0.50 / 0.70	3,0-2,50	2.0-3.0
loam	0,50-1,0	2.0-3.0	1,0-2,50
nthaka dongo	0,50-1,0	2,50-6,0	1.0-4.0

slab maziko

M'nthawi siteji masamu mbale makulidwe. Tengani unyinji wa theka-danga, womwenso unsembe kulemera, kumalumikiza ndi katundu owonjezera. Malinga ndi chizindikiro ichi ndi madera mbale kuchita masamu mu mawu a kuthamanga kwa danga pansi popanda kulemera maziko.

Calculated misa zomwe adzasowe mbale zoipazi anakonzeratu m'nthaka (mchenga chabwino kwa chithunzi ichi adzakhala 0,35 makilogalamu / cm², ndi osalimba pafupifupi - 0,25, zovuta ndi ductile mchenga loam - 0.5, ndi dongo olimba - 0,5 ndi drapable - 0,25).

Dera m'munsi sayenera upambana zinthu:

S> KH × F / kp × R,

kumene S - maziko a yekha;

KH - koyefishienti kudziwa kudalirika kwa thandizo (zinali 1.2);

F - okwana kulemera kwa mbale onse;

Kp - koyefishienti kumene kumatsimikizira zikhalidwe za ntchito;

R - kulimbikira nthaka.

Mwachitsanzo:

• Free Unyinji wa nyumbayi - 270 000 makilogalamu.
• Magawo mu dongosolo - 10x10, kapena 100 m².
• Nthaka - chinyezi loam 0,35 makilogalamu / cm².
• osalimba a konkire analimbitsa ndi 2,7 makilogalamu / cm³.

Kulemera mbale lags ndi 80 T - ndi cubes 29 konkire Kusakaniza. 100 mabwalo, wochindikala limafanana ndi masentimita 29, choncho 30 amatengedwa.

Total mbale kulemera ndi 2,7 × 30 = 81 tani;

Unyinji okwana nyumbayi ku maziko - 351.

Mbale ali ndi makulidwe a masentimita 25: misa ndi 67,5 m.

Mungapeze 270 + 67.5 = 337.5 (nthaka mavuto 3,375 T / m²). Izi chokwanira pa lokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira nyumba simenti ndi simenti kachulukidwe psinjika V22,5 (mbale chizindikiro).

Kapangidwe Tanthauzo rollover

Mphindi Mu anatsimikiza chifukwa amaganizira liwiro mphepo ndi malo a nyumbayi, amene anapanga amadza. Kukhazikitsa zina chofunika, pokhapokha chikhalidwe zotsatirazi:

Mu = (Q - F) * 17,44

F - kukweza mphamvu ya mphepo kanthu pa denga (muchisanzo chimenechi ndi 20,1 kN).

Q - masamu osachepera asymmetrical katundu (pa ntchito chikhalidwe ndi wofanana 2785,8 kPa).

Mu mawerengedwe a magawo zofunika kuganizira malo a nyumbayi, pamaso pa zomera ndi kumanga angapo kutisokoneza. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa nyengo ndi zinthu miyala.

Ziwerengero pamwamba ntchito ntchito fanizo. Ngati ndi kotheka, kudzikonda anamanga nyumba tikulimbikitsidwa kukaonana ndi akatswiri.