Mawu ali ndi chimene icho chiri?

chilankhulo angayerekezedwe ndi mlengi, imene madera zing'onozing'ono kupanga zikuluzikulu, ndipo iwo nawonso - linapangidwira ndi woganiza. Ambiri ang'ono "cubes" kapena nyumba zingatipunthwitse ndi phokoso la zilembo ndi kalata anasonyeza phoneme lapansi. Uyu anawonjezera mawu, kenako kupanga ziganizo, ziganizo, lemba. amachita Phonetics ndi phokoso. Koma funso la chimene mawu maphunziro lexicology. Nayenso chinkhoswe m'madikishonale lexicography, kuphatikizapo njira kukonzekera kwawo. Choncho, mawu a chinenero Russian - ndi kuchotsedwa zonse mawu ake, mawu wake wonse. Akukhulupirira kuti aumbike zigawo: n'zotheka kudziwa wamba ndi zochepa ntchito mawu. Payokha tinganene kuti zimenezi mawu Mwachitsanzo, malonda, luso, zachipatala, anabwereka kapena chakale. Malinga ndi mmene ife kuwunika chiyembekezo cha mawu, tikhoza kulankhula za ntchito yogwira ndi kungokhala chete.

Mbali yoyamba tikulankhula za mawu zambiri ntchito. Mwa njira, aliyense chinenero si kwambiri. Choncho ankaona kuti katswiri pa mawu chikwi amatha kupereka 70% omvetsetsa ndi kulankhulana. Kayankhulidwe ka munthu wophunzira wapangidwa za mawu angapo chikwi (mpaka 20-30 zikwi). A iwo zikukangalika ntchito 4-5 kokha ndipo timatha kumvetsa zambiri tsiku ndi tsiku.

Inu akhoza kukambirana kayankhulidwe ka mphindi ino nthawi. Mwachitsanzo, mawu a chinenero chamakono Russian ali gulu yake, koma zimasiyana kwambiri ndi nkhani ya mawu, kunena, khumi ndi khumi ndi atumwi. Kuphunzira mawu mndandanda wa nthawi - ndi mbali synchronic.

Pankhaniyi, mukhoza kusankha zigawo zina. Kuwonjezera kulekana okwana mawu ofanana ndi ukulu zochepa ntchito, mwina kuonedwa, mwachitsanzo, maganizo a coloration maganizo. Pankhaniyi wolemekezeka: ndale, emotive (maganizo), anakweza, ndakatulo, familiarly, olaula, otukwana. Ngati mawu opanda maganizo mitundu akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu masitaelo onse ndipo nthawi iliyonse kulankhulana mawu, ndi chibadidwe yekha emotive kulankhula. Mu mabuku, ndithudi, iwo akhoza kudzali, koma ndi chinenero monga njira akuti kudzikonda. Mu nkhani yolembedwa ndi lipoti mu zolemba nduna ndi zosavomerezeka ntchito vulgarisms kapena otukwana.

Kayankhulidwe akhoza womangika ndi mwachirengedwe. Pankhaniyi kuoneka otchedwa chilankhulo, kuti ndi mawu, lochitidwa kulankhula m'madera yekha zina. Mwachitsanzo, "biringanya" - mawu wamba, koma "pang'ono buluu" masamba amenewa amachedwa okhala kudera Kursk, ndi Krasnodar Gawo ndi kum'mwera kwa Russia. Youth slang mawu komanso ukugwira ntchito yochepa - mu nkhani iyi, ndi zina msinkhu. Medical kapena kompyuta mawu chibadidwe ku zigawo yeniyeni akatswiri. Akatswiri komanso ntchito kayankhulidwe luso.

Ngati tiyang'ana pa mfundo zimenezi mawu ndi diachronic mawonedwe - ndiko mbiri - tingachite bwino kunena za watsopano (neologisms), chakale (historicism ndi archaisms) ndi gulu ndale. Mawu limayenda likuvutika ndalama kuchokera zinenero zina. Tsatirani funso chimene chili ndi mawu mwa mawu a chiyambi, ife timachitcha anabwereka ndi mbadwa ya ku Russia. Ndi zina n'zotheka kugawanitsa mawu, kutenga nkhani Development kuti: ambiri a iwo kwathunthu chitakhazikitsidwa chinenero. Tiyeni tinene, ife mawu "buku" ndi "pensulo" salinso alendo, koma kamodzi anafika ku Chigiriki ndi Turkic. Ngati mawu si bwino ntchito, ndiye ife kulankhula za nkhanza ( "vindous") ndi exoticism ( "Signore", "bullfighter", "nkhomaliro").