Mbiri ya Thomas Mann, zochititsa chidwi zokhudzana ndi moyo

Dzina lakuti "Mann" limadziwika kwambiri m'mabuku olembedwa. Banja ili ndi Henry - wolemba, wojambula nyimbo; Eric, Klaus ndi Golo ndi amuna olemba; Pomaliza, mwiniwake wa mphoto monga Nobel ndi Antonio Feltrinelli, - Thomas.

Mann Thomas, yemwe mbiri yake yachidule imakondwera ndi kulemera kwake ndi kutsutsana kwake, ndipo idzakhala yofunikirako.

Mphunzitsi wa buku la epic

Wolemba Wachijeremani ndi wa banja lolemekezeka lolembedwa. Komabe, akukhulupirira kuti Thomas Mann ndi wowala kwambiri komanso wotchuka kwambiri.

Zithunzi zake zimatsimikizira kuti mpaka zaka 16 iye amatsogolera moyo wosasamala. Iye anabadwira m'banja lolemera la Ljubek. Komabe, pambuyo pa imfa ya mutu wa banja - Johann Heinrich Mann, senator wa mzindawo - kwa mkazi wake ndi ana ambiri mu 1891, adayenera kukhala ndi chidwi chogulitsidwa ndi malonda a nyumba ndi nyumba.

Tikhoza kuganiza kuti Thomas Mann ali ndi mbiri yambiri yomwe inasintha kwambiri.

Atagulitsa nyumba ku Lübeck, banja limasamukira kumalo osatha ku Munich, komwe Thomas akuyamba kugwira ntchito mu kampani ya inshuwalansi ndikuwona tsogolo lake mu gawo la zofalitsa. Kusankhidwa kwa njira yolenga ndi chifukwa cha chisokonezo cha mchimwene wake Henry, amene kale anali mlembi.

Thomas Mann: njira yochokera kubadwa kupita ku usilikali

Komabe, tinathamanga kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kupyolera mu moyo kusonyeza mtundu wa munthu Thomas Mann. Masiku oyambirira a biography adzatithandiza mu lingaliro ili.

June 6, 1875 m'banja labwino kwambiri Johann Mann, wamalonda wa tirigu ndi mtsogoleri wa kampani yonyamula katundu, ndi Julia Mann, yemwe ali ndi nee Da Silva-Bruns, anabadwa mwana wamwamuna. Amayi a Thomas Mann anali mamembala oimira nyimbo za banja la Chikirumba cha Chireole. Ndi iye yemwe anali ataphunzira maphunziro a playwright wamtsogolo ndi alongo ake ndi abale ake onse.

Mu 1891 bambo ake anamwalira. Malingana ndi chifuniro chake, khomo ndi nyumba zinagulitsidwa. Banja lonse linasamukira mumzinda wa Munich, komwe Thomas anamaliza maphunziro ake ku Sukulu Yophunzitsa Zapamwamba.

Chinthu choyamba choyendayenda chinachitika mu 1896. Thomas ndi mbale wake Henry anapita ku Italy pamodzi. Ulendo utatha, Thomas Mann anakhala mkonzi wa magazini yotchedwa Simplicissimus.

Patadutsa zaka zitatu, mu 1899, mbiri ya Thomas Mann inalimbikitsidwa ndi ntchito ya usilikali. Nthawi ya utumiki inakhazikitsidwa ndi kulimbitsa maganizo a wolemba. Iye adalenga buku lapadera la ntchito yake "Buddenbroki".

Thomas Mann: njira yochokera ku banja kupita ku Dziko Loyamba

Ali ndi zaka 30 panali chochitika chofunika chomwe chinasiyidwa pa moyo wonse wa wolemba. The biography of Thomas Mann tsopano wakhala mbiri ya munthu mmodzi, koma mgwirizano wa awiri.

Mu 1905 adakwatirana ndi Katya Prinsheim. Mwana wamkazi wa pulofesa wa Munich anakhala bwenzi lenileni la wolemba mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake. Kuchokera ku mgwirizano wawo ana asanu ndi mmodzi anabadwa, atatu mwa iwo adapita m'mapazi a atate awo, pokhala olemba, olemba.

Posakhalitsa ukwati wa wojambula, nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse inayamba, yomwe mlembiyo adachita mwakhama, koma posakhalitsa anazindikira kuti ziphunzitso zandale sizingatheke. Mann anatsutsa kusintha kwa anthu ndi mtendere. Kusiyana kwa ndale kunachititsa kuti banja lisagwirizane: Thomas Mann anakhala wosagwirizana ndi mkulu wake. Koma, kusintha masomphenyawo, Tomasi anazindikira kufunikira kwa kusintha kwa demokarasi, kenako anagwirizana ndi Henry.

Fufuzani dziko lanu ndi nzika. Thomas Mann: Biography

Pazifukwa zosonyeza kuti zachilengedwe zimakhala zovuta, sanapeze chitetezo chake. Ndipo kusamukira kumeneko kunachitika mu 1933 ku Kysnacht - mzinda wa Swiss - pamodzi ndi banja. Njira iyi inakonzedwa ndi Thomas Mann mwiniwake.

Zithunzi zochititsa chidwi zokhudzana ndi nzika yake ndi imodzi kapena zina zomwe zikugwirabe. Zikuoneka kuti pambuyo pa 1936 wolembayo anachotsedwa kukhala nzika ya Germany, anakhala nzika ya ku Czechoslovakia. Komabe, posakhalitsa, mu 1938, Thomas Mann anasamukira ku United States, komwe mu 1944 adakhala nzika ya dziko lino. Zimadziwika kuti, atachoka ku Germany kumayambiriro kwa ulamuliro wa fascist (mu 1933), iye sanabwererenso ku "Hitler" dziko.

Kuchokera kudziko lina, wolemba nkhaniyo adayambitsa malingaliro a anthu akale a ku Germany omwe amadana ndi fascism, pokhala mawu a anti-fascist radio programs.

Thomas Mann anafalitsanso malingaliro otsutsa otsutsa pambuyo pa kutha kwa nkhondo. Buku loti "Dokotala Faustus", lomwe linafalitsidwa mu 1947, linali lowonetsa maganizo a wolembayo pa nthawi ya Nazism. Nazism ndi chinthu chodabwitsa chomwe sichinachitike mwadzidzidzi koma osati mwangozi, ndi chilengedwe chachilengedwe ndi choyembekezeka, chomwe mbiri yakale ya Germany inapita nthawi zambiri.

Thomas Mann (biography inafotokozedwa mwachidule ndi ife pamwamba) adapeza mtendere wake mumzinda wa ku Switzerland wotchedwa Kilhberche. Kumeneko mu 1952 anasamukira kumalo ake osatha. Pano panalembedwa buku lake lotsiriza - "Adventures ya munthu wotchuka Felix Krul."

Ndizodabwitsa kuti kuyambira koyamba mpaka kotsiriza, Thomas Mann anali woona ndi "I" wake. Mu "Adventures" akulongosola moyo wa munthu yemwe adapita njira yopita pamwamba pa ntchito, pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo osakhazikika a dziko lachibwibwi.

Paul Thomas Mann, mwana wachiwiri wa Johann ndi Julius Mann, anamwalira pa August 12, 1955 kumpoto cha kum'mawa kwa Switzerland mumzinda wa Zurich.

Chiyambi cha njira yolenga: buku "Buddenbroki"

Choyamba chotsindikiza choyambirira chinayambira zaka za kusukulu ku masewera olimbitsa thupi: chifukwa cha Thomas, kuwalako kunawona magazini ya "Fiery Thunder" yolemba mabuku komanso yopanda ana monga filosofi.

Kuyenda ku Italy mu 1896 kunakhudza kwambiri ntchito ya wolemba. Nkhani zomwe zinalembedwa paulendowu, anatumiza ofalitsa kudziko lawo. S. Fisher anapempha kuti apange chosonkhanitsa cha iwo. Linasindikizidwa mu 1898 pansi pa mutu wakuti "Little Mr. Friederman". Zina mwa nkhani zake zinalembedwa patsiku la mkonzi mu sabata losavuta lachidule la Simplicissimus.

M'chaka cha utumiki wa usilikali, wolemba mabukuyo analimbikitsa maganizo ake mozama za mavuto omwe anali nawo kwa nthawi yaitali. Atatumikira, mu 1901 anafalitsa buku la Buddenbrook. Nkhani ya imfa ya banja limodzi. " Amakhulupirira kuti ntchitoyi imasonyeza mbiri ya banja la kholo kuchokera ku lingaliro lakuti Thomas Mann mwiniwakeyo adaziona. Zithunzi ndi zojambula, zogwirizana pamodzi, zinayambitsa chiyambi cha buku lokongola lomwe limayang'ana nkhani zochepa za banja kudzera mu ndende ya chikhalidwe.

Buku la banja lonena za chikhalidwe

Buku la "Buddenbrooks. Nkhani ya imfa ya banja limodzi "inakhudzidwa ndi zochitika zapadziko lonse ndi zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu zomwe zimakhudza mabanja wamba: moyo ndi zinthu za uzimu, kusamvana ndi kuthekera kwa kuwonongeka kwa dziko lachibwibwi. Mavuto a malo a Mlengi mmalo mwawo komanso moyo unayambanso: chiwonongeko ku kukhalapo kwaokha, kuphatikiza ndi udindo waukulu pamaso pa anthu omwe adawaponya.

M'bukuli, wolemba uja anakana zikhalidwe za dziko lachibwibwi. Chikhalidwe chosasangalatsa kwa iye, chikuwonekera mu zaka za makumi awiri, iye amasiyanitsa ndi burgher. Kugwa kwa dziko lomwe kale linali lotentha, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa kwa Mann limatanthauza kugwa kwa chikhalidwe chonse.

Thomas Mann akuwonetsa kuti mibadwo inayi ya banja chaka ndi chaka imataya moyo wawo wokha, komanso makhalidwe awo .

Pali lingaliro lakuti Buddenbrokam monga mtundu wa anthu amatsutsana ndi wojambula. Izi ndi zoona, koma ndi kulakwitsa kuganiza kuti Thomas Mann amakonda mapeto ake. Osati olemba, kapena wojambula kuchokera kwa Mann sali olemekezeka kwambiri.

Kuzindikiritsa anthu: Nobel Prize

Kuzindikira kunabwera kwa Thomas Mann osati mwamsanga. Zikudziwika kuti m'chaka chofalitsa mabuku 100 okha a Buddenbroki buku la banja. Koma patadutsa zaka 30, mu 1929, iye analemba kuti dzina lake analemba kosatha dzina lake pa mndandandanda wa olowa ma Nobel.

Pa nthawi yonse ya ntchito ya Thomas Mann, anayamba kutchedwa kale.

Atapereka mphothoyi, Buddenbrook yakale inamasulidwa mu ma copies milioni.

Kuyambira mu 1933, biography ya Thomas Mann yakhala mbiri ya munthu, omwe olemba achinyamata anali ofanana. Mann adapita kuzungulira dziko ndikupereka maphunziro, kuphatikizapo zolemba zina za ntchito zake.

Thomas Mann: biography, chilengedwe - chirichonse chikugwirizana pamodzi

Thomas Mann yemwe analenga kachiwiri ndi ntchito yolembedwa ndi "Tonio Kräger", yofalitsidwa mu "Tristan" (1903). M'menemo mlembi adawonetsanso kutsutsana komwe kumamuvutitsa pakati pa dziko lachilengedwe ndi dziko lachibwana.

Tinganene kuti moyo ndi ntchito kwa Mann zinali zosagwirizana kwambiri. Buku la "Buddenbrook" silinali ntchito yokha yomwe moyo ndi maganizo a wolembawo adawonetsedwa.

Imeneyi ndilo sewero "Florence", lofalitsidwa mu 1907. Amuna ake amalankhula kudzera mwa wolembayo, kutchula maganizo ake a Thomas wamakono ku dziko lachigwirizano.

Lingaliro lofanana la anthu ndilopangidwa m'ntchito zake zambiri, koma pafupi kwambiri ndi masewerowa ndi "Royal Highness". Thomas Mann analemba kuti mmenemo "amalalikira anthu."

Komabe, malinga ndi kuvomereza kwa mwiniwakeyo, buku la "The Magic Mountain" linasintha kwambiri. Imawulula zotsutsana zotsutsana za dziko lomwe Mann ankakhala ndi kugwira ntchito.

Bambo ndi abambo okhulupilika ndi abambo, okonda kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha

Thomas Mann, yemwe mbiri yake ndi yotsutsana ndi ziphunzitso zowonongeka, sizodabwitsa kokha chifukwa cha choloŵa chake, komanso zofuna za kugonana.

Kusemphana kwakukulu komwe kwadziwonetsera nokha pa kutsogolo kwa chikondi ndi banja lakunja lokha komanso chilakolako cha chikondi cha kugonana.

Adalengezedwa pambuyo pa imfa ya zolembera za mlembi ndi kalata yake Thomas Mann mwa kuwopsya koopsa.

Pambuyo pake, wolemba wotchuka, wolemekezeka wa Nobel, bambo wa ana asanu ndi mmodzi, Paul Thomas Mann anali ndi chidwi chachikulu ndi abambo. Ndipo chidwi ichi sichinangokhala pa chidziwitso cha nzeru, chimene Mann Thomas adachidziwika kale pa moyo wake.

Mbiri yachidule ya wolembayo sakupatsani mfundo zofunika, ndipo izi zachititsa ochita kafukufuku kudziwa zambiri za moyo wake.

Kodi Thomas Mann anali ndani?

Zisonyezo zoyamba za chikondi chachilendo kwa anyamata zidawoneka ali aang'ono. Tomasi wa zaka 14 anali ndi maganizo osaganiziranso kwa Arnim Martin yemwe anali naye m'kalasi.

Chisamaliro chachiwiri chopanda kukakamizidwa chinawuka patapita zaka ziwiri. Pophunzira ku England, Paulo adakondana ndi mwana wa mphunzitsi waphunzitsi.

Buku lokhalo limene, malinga ndi ofufuza, linali losiyana ndi platonic, ndi kugwirizana ndi wojambula Paul Ehrenberg. Ubale unatha zaka zisanu (kuchokera 1899 mpaka 1904) unatha pamene wolembayo alowa m'banja lalamulo ndi Katya Prinsheim.

Ngakhale kuti anali ataneneratu, Thomas Mann anali wofunitsitsa kukhala ndi banja komanso ana. Komabe, ngakhale chikondi cholimba kwambiri kwa mkazi wake sichinamuletse iye kuyang'ana pa amuna. Kuchokera pa zolemba za wolembayo amadziwika kuti malingaliro a kukongola kwa thupi laamuna sanamusiye iye mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake.

Chokondweretsa chotsiriza chinali Franz Westermayer. Thomas Mann wazaka 75 anagona ndipo anadzuka ndi malingaliro okhudza woperekera ku Bavaria. Koma zonse zinali zochepa chabe maloto.

Chithunzi cha ntchito ya Thomas Mann

Ntchito za penti ya wolembayo zinayamba kufufuzidwa ngakhale panthawi ya moyo wake. Chiwerengero cha mawindo osindikiza kuyambira 1923 mpaka 2008 ndi oposa 30. Ndipo izi zikuchitika chifukwa chakuti Thomas Mann ali ndi mbiri yotsatila ndi zojambula zachilengedwe zokhala ndi ntchito imodzi yokha, yomwe imasinthidwa kuti ikhalepo pa siteji kapena kupanga filimu - sewero "Florence". Mwa njira, iye sanawonetsedwe. Koma "Buddenbrooks" inakhala imodzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri ponena za kusintha kwa mafilimu a ntchito zolembedwa ndi Thomas Mann.