Medusa. Mfundo za chiyambi cha

Ngati inu bwinobwino nthano za Agiriki akale, zimaonekeratu kuti panali gorgons angapo, koma zikwi patapita zaka pamtima tingathe kubereka yekha dzina la ode wa iwo - Medusa.

Medusa. Mfundo za chiyambi cha

Kutchula koyamba kwambiri mu mabuku a anthu a snakehead za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu BC. Mu "Odyssey," Homer analemba za Medusa - chilombo kuchokera pansi pa nthaka, ndi "Theogony" Hesiod samanena kanthu atatu alongo Gorgon. Nthawi zambiri, pali zingapo zimene mungachite mmene Gorgon anawonekera zimene iwo anali pachiyambi.

Baibulo loyamba maonekedwe, amene Pamilunguyo ndi Euripides - Titanic. Limati kuti mayi anali gorgons Gaia - lapansi wamkazi ndi kholo la Titans. Ngati ndi choncho, ndiye gorgon Medusa ndi alongo ake sakanakhoza poyamba kukhala zowopsa.

Baibulo chachiwiri amatchedwa "poseydonicheskoy". Iwo limafotokoza wake "Metamorphoses" ndi Ovidi.

Kalekale, kalelo, pa FORKIS, limene Agiriki anali mulungu wa nyanja ya namondwe, ndipo mlongo wake Ceto, chilombo cha m'nyanja, ngati chinjoka, munali ana atatu - wokongola madzi namwaliyo. Iwo ali mayina Stheno (anawamasulira kuchokera Greek wakale monga "wamphamvu"), Euryale ( "mpaka kudumpha") ndi Medusa ( "Woyang'anira", "Dona").

The wokongola kwambiri wa alongo anali Medusa. Iye anali chidwi ndi kukongola kwa mulungu Poseidon, iye mokakamiza anatenga Medusa mu kachisi kuti Athena. Mulungu anakwiya kuphunzira za kunyoza malo awo opatulika, natembenukira buthulo nyanja Gorgon - chilombo, yokutidwa ndi mamba wandiweyani, ndi loyenda tsitsi pa mutu mmalo mwa Hydra ndi njoka ndi chotuluka ku nsagwada za mano chikasu. Stheno Euryale ndipo anafuna kugawana tsogolo la alongo ndiponso anakhala mizukwa. Ndipo mwina si konse mu kachisi, wamphamvu Athena nsanje wokongola wa Medusa ndi mulungu wake nsanje pa nyanja.

Medusa - yekhayo wa alongo anali munthu, ndi kokha iye akanakhoza ndi maso ake kusandutsa anthu kukhala ziboliboli mwala. Mu ena nthano zina za Gorgons atatu anali ndi mphatso zoopsa kulipira mwala anthu ndi nyama, komanso kuti amaundana madzi. Pamene achinyamata Perseus mwangozi anagwetsa mawu amene iye akanakhoza kupha Gorgon Medusa, Athena anamugwira iye pa mawu ake. Iye anaphunzitsa ngwazi bwanji kuti akunde Gorgon ndi Musatembenukire kwa mwala, napatsa mnyamata chishango chake wowala ngati galasi. Hero anasunga lonjezo lake ndipo anabweretsa wamkazi mutu Medusa a, ndi gulu kumbuyo, limene chithunzi kusindikizidwa Gorgon.

Agiriki akale ankakhulupirira kuti Medusa, kapena m'malo mutu wake yodulidwa - ndi zoteteza bokosilo kwambiri oteteza ku zoipa ndi "diso loyipa." Choncho panali zithumwa ndi kufalitsa-gorgoneion.

Images wa Medusa anali umagwiritsidwa ntchito zida zankhondo, medallions, ndalama ndi pamakoma a nyumba , osati Greece komanso mu Roma, Byzantium ndi Asikuti. Choyamba Gorgon anayandikira kwambiri zoopsa monga ngati chilombo, koma kenako anayamba kusonyeza Medusa ngati wokongola, ngakhale mkazi zoopsa ndi writhing njoka pa mutu wake.