Mfundo yaikulu ya chikhalidwe: ikuyandikira chachikulu

Culture - ndi koposa zonse, enaake luso ungwiro kufunika kwake. Ndi osakaniza changwiro cha zinthu zinalengedwa mwa anthu njira ya chitukuko. Ku maganizo a chikhalidwe kutengedwa ngati chinthu chilichonse kapena njira kuti si tanthauzo zothandiza, komanso dziko wapadera phindu mtundu.

Akamanena za chikhalidwe ndi zilandiridwenso anthu. Ndipotu, iye amadziwa dziko, amalandira chidziwitso cholinga, ndipo mbali yaikulu zosiyanasiyana kwa kudziwa umachita luso ndi sayansi.

Lingaliro ndi akamanena za chikhalidwe Timaona mfundo zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, lingaliro sotsioatributivnaya amaona ngati mbali ya anthu. Kamvedwe chikhalidwe chimafuna opangidwa ake chodabwitsa onse. Komanso onse amene analengedwa ndi maganizo a anthu. Choncho, akhoza kugawidwa mu auzimu ndiponso akuthupi.

Mfundo yaikulu ya chikhalidwe mbali antropotsentristkoy mfundo ndi chikumbumtima. Mu chimango cha ulimi osauka mwauzimu n'chofunikira sekondale. Ndipo kubwera patsogolo zikhulupiriro nzeru zaumunthu, zokonda zokongoletsa, amene mwachindunji ndi kutipanga ife anthu. Mu kuwala kwa lingaliro ili, ndi zochitika monga nkhanza, lupanga, mabomba, ndi ngati ndi zinthu countercultural ndipo kulibe.

Transcendental mfundo amasonyeza akamanena za chikhalidwe chodabwitsa sverhsotsialnoe. Pankhaniyi, izo sizingakhoze okha zochitika aliyense wa m'mbiri kapena maganizo. Iwo limanenedwa ngati chinachake kupitirira, ndi zinthu zonse zizichitika, ndipo chikhalidwe chikhalire. Makamaka, palokha zipembedzo dziko, luso ndi sayansi, ndi luso. Mwa lingaliro ili, makhalidwe moyo wosatha ndipo sangathe kugwirizana ndi nthawi ndi malo.

Akamanena za chikhalidwe si zinthu zakale ndi yachokera, komanso anthu. Ndipotu, munthu sangakhoze kukhala moyo popanda chikhalidwe. Ndi chikhalidwe ndi mwa prism anthu ake akhoza kuzindikira okha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya chilengedwe chibadidwe angathe.

Komanso, kukambirana chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe, kulabadira mfundo chikhalidwe ndale. Mfundo imeneyi inkayenda mu chiphunzitso cha m'ma XX atumwi, akamanena za chimene chili chakuti wandale mu nkhani iliyonse mlandu kwa malamulo yaitali okhazikika zoweta zimene makamaka ntchito kwa chikhalidwe ndi ndale.

Akamanena za chikhalidwe ndale ndi kuti chimaimira ya malingaliro za dera dziko ndi umoyo ndale, za lonse zandale, komanso malamulo ndi malamulo a ntchito.

Mfundo imeneyi imatengedwa mbali ziwiri zazikulu. The choyamba - ndi subjectivist kapena behaviorist, kumvetsetsa kuti chikhalidwe andale okha ku dera la chikumbumtima ndale ndi kuoneka ngati maganizo zotengera malingaliridwe a munthu ndale.

The malangizo chachiwiri - objectivist, yomwe ikufotokoza chikhalidwe ndale osati mogwirizana ndi dongosolo zikhulupiriro ndi maganizo, komanso kutseka kugwirizana kwake ndi zandale.

Ponena za zigawo za chikhalidwe ndale, kumaphatikizapo:

- ndale maudindo, makamaka mbali maganizo awo ndi matupi;

- zikhulupiriro nzeru zaumunthu, maganizo ndi ziphunzitso kuti akupita mu dongosolo la ndale, iwo akhoza zimachitika odziwa malamulo;

- dongosolo la makhalidwe ndale, amene anazindikira anthu anapatsidwa.

Culture - chodabwitsa ndi zovuta kwambiri ndi m'zigawozigawo, kotero Kuphunzira - nthawi yambiri zokwanira ndi ndondomeko yolemetsa.