Magawo chachikulu cha chitukuko cha zida luso ndi zinthu zambiri

Mu chitukuko cha anthu amakono zonse kutuluka zosiyanasiyana kusintha mu dera zambiri, ndipo ena angatchedwe kusintha woona. Komabe, anthu ambiri sakudziwa nkomwe zigawo zikuluzikulu chitukuko cha zida luso ndi zinthu zambiri.

Kodi kusintha izi?

Kukwera woyamba kutchulidwa oyamba kulemba, chifukwa walola anthu kudziunjikira ndipo kenako kugawa nzeru analandira. Magawo chitukuko cha zida luso ndi zinthu zambiri ochokera mu kulemba kalata, monga popanda izo, sizingatheke kukwaniritsa chirichonse chimene ife masiku ano.

Kukwera chachiwiri chinachitika mu zaka za m'ma XVI ndi typography. Anthu, panali kufunika kupezera nzeru misa-Kufikika, osati kuwasunga iwo mu njira zina. Kulemba anali kukhala koposa lonse chodabwitsa, amene anayamba kuphimba misa waukulu anthu. Komanso, panali mathamangitsidwe chapadera cha kukula kwa sayansi ndi sayansi patsogolo, zomwe pamapeto pake komanso zinachititsa kuti yojambula mafakitale, achititsanso chopereka ndithu kuti magawo a chitukuko cha zida luso ndi zinthu zambiri. Books kwathunthu anawoloka Malire a mayiko zoti zinachititsa kuti chiyambi cha mapangidwe chitukuko anthu.

Chachitatu zisinthe - N'zochititsa chidwi patsogolo apadera aya. Izi magawo chitukuko cha zida luso ndi zinthu zambiri, monga maonekedwe a foni, wailesi ndi wanthambo kunapangitsa kuti msanga popereka mauthenga ena kwa mtunda uliwonse, moti anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse.

The utasintha Chachinayi - ndi zikamera wa makompyuta ndi microprocessors. Ndi ndime ya nthawi amakuonani wathunthu kompyuta kutumiza mauthenga zomwe zinakhudza kufufuza ndi kusunga kachitidwe. Magawo chachikulu cha chitukuko cha zida luso ndi zinthu zambiri Anautsa kusintha kwakukulu mu chitukuko cha anthu masiku ano, moti anayamba kutchedwa "mudziwe".

Kodi anthu mudziwe?

Ndi anthu amene namtindi wa anthu Ntchito zawo zokhudza yosungiramo, kupanga processing kukagulitsa zosiyanasiyana zambiri, kuphatikizapo nzeru mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri a iwo. Information lero ndi nkhani ya mowa chonse, ndi anthu masiku ano zimathandiza gulu lililonse mwayi wonse gwero aliyense deta. Ndi nthawi wayamba kuoneka koposa muyezo watsopano poona mlingo wa chitukuko cha anthu, monga chiwerengero cha kugwirizana kwa Intaneti, makompyuta, atathana ndi mafoni, komanso ena ambiri.

Kumasiyana motani?

Dziwani ochepa kusiyana zikuluzikulu zomwe analandira anthu mudziwe pambuyo zapita magawo yaikulu ya chitukuko cha zida luso ndi zinthu zambiri:

• kwambiri kuchuluka udindo wa kudziwa njira zamakono zoyenera moyo;
• kuonjezera chiwerengero cha anthu amene ntchito mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi luso zambiri, ntchito ndi opanga zokhudzana ndi misonkhano ndipo katundu, komanso zambiri mu lalikulu mankhwala zoweta m'mayiko olemera;
• kumawonjezera otchedwa informatization wa anthu chifukwa chakuti ambiri kuyambira makompyuta kuti chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, telefoni, ndi kompyuta ndi chikhalidwe;
• panali lonse mudziwe malo, kupyolera mwa amene anaonetsetsa kupezeka kupeza chuma zosiyana, panali muzilankhulana bwino m'banja, ndipo kwathunthu amakwaniritsa zosowa za anthu masiku ano zosiyanasiyana ntchito ndi katundu;
• pang'onopang'ono ikusintha chuma mudziwe, e-demokalase, komanso msika digito, ndi kulumikiza anthu ogwira ntchito zachuma ndi chikhalidwe.

Lingaliro la "mudziwe anthu" anayamba kupanga mu 80s. Kukwera kutumiza mauthenga ali chiyambi chake m'ma 70s ndipo pang'onopang'ono merges ndi kompyuta, amene Ndipotu, anayamba kale kwambiri ndipo anachitanso mu magawo angapo.

Kodi anali kompyuta zisinthe?

Development zipangizo luso ndi zinthu zambiri m'munda wa makompyuta ali chiyambi chake kumbuyo mu 30 a m'nthawi otsiriza, ndipo nthawi imeneyi imatchedwa "ziro mkombero". chiyambi chake ndicho kukhala woyamba makompyuta pakompyuta, imene mmalo mwa muyezo mawotchi mbali anayamba ntchito yapadera elekitironi machubu.

Gawo lachiwiri - chilengedwe kompyuta choyamba munthu, amene ntchito monga mbali ya madera Integrated, komanso kupanga kwawo zambiri.

Kukwera kutumiza mauthenga

Ndi zovuta kunena zomwe magawo a chitukuko cha zida luso ndi zinthu zambiri munapanga zimakhudza kwambiri, koma kukhala ndi malo apadera zapatsidwa kwa ulimi kutumiza kumene kunachitika pambuyo zikamera ya mwezi ndi umisiri CHIKWANGWANI-chamawonedwe.

Symbiosis kompyuta ndi kutumiza mauthenga umisiri wapanga pa msika angapo ntchito watsopano ndi mankhwala, ndipo lero iwo ali mmodzi wa Boma kiyi patsogolo chuma ambiri otukuka. Anthu ambiri amaona kuti n'koyenera mosalekeza katundu osiyanasiyana ogula ndi m'malo atenge zosiyanasiyana zambiri pa malonda ndi zimene zinatsala chuma cha dziko.

Chibwenzi, mtengo wa luso mfundo ndi apamwamba kwambiri poyerekeza katundu wa ogula kuti m'mayiko olemera mwakwaniritsa ndi makhalidwe amenewa amoyo. Ambiri a lero simukuzindikira kuti digiri atsogoleri andale mu dziko lero mwachuluka akudalira magawo yaikulu ya chitukuko cha zida luso ndi zinthu zambiri linakhazikitsa State ndi mmene yogwira limagwiritsa ntchito luso lapadera.

Amene anapereka mgwirizano wa sayansi?

Chifukwa chakuti kutumiza mauthenga ndi kompyuta zisinthe ophatikizidwa ndi mzake, iwo anayamba kupanga zopezera kufanana yaikulu, kuphatikizapo monga padziko lonse. Ndi kulumikiza izi mudziwe amapereka zambiri mofulumira kufufuza, HIV ndi processing deta onse okhudzidwa.

Mu zinthu zambiri mu nkhani iyi likunena zambiri zomwe zalembedwa pa chonyamulira zinthu zenizeni ndipo kenako kusungidwa mu kachitidwe apadera, monga mabanki osiyana, ndalama, yachokera ndi malaibulale. Mwini wa gwero ndi mfundo munthu mmodzi kapena gulu lapadera la anthu, kampani, dera, mzinda, dziko kapena ngakhale dziko lonse. gwero Izi ndi chipatso cha ntchito ya gawo woyenerera wa anthu masiku ano.

Kodi kusiyana kwake?

pali munthu kusiyana waukulu pakati pa mfundo ndi zinthu zina - chuma onse kutha kwathunthu pambuyo ntchito, pamene izo ndi malire ndi wopandamalire kangapo, kapena ngati n'koyenera, liwonerere popanda malamulo alionse ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ndiponso, izi chuma akhoza zochuluka, chifukwa ntchito deta kawirikawiri kotheratu kungochita chikhalidwe ndi namtindi wa milandu kumabweretsa zambiri.

Kodi n'chiyani?

Magawo chitukuko cha zida luso ndi zinthu zambiri mu mbiri ya mtundu wa mitundu iwiri ya magwero deta - boma ndi ena. Malinga ndi mwayi gulu deta lokha pa nthawi yomweyo anawagawa poyera ndi koletsedwa. Nawonso gulu yamasika lagawidwa mudziwe kuti zinsinsi boma ndi zachinsinsi chabe.

Kodi n'chiyani chinachititsa kuti chitukuko?

Ambiri a lero sakudziwa chimene pali masiteji mu chitukuko cha zida luso ndi zinthu zambiri. History limanena kuti tanthauzo la Kutulukira sayansi kuti anali ndi mphamvu kwambiri pa kusintha ake ndi chitukuko cha chitukuko konsekonse. Kwenikweni, anafotokoza kuti chitukuko cha gudumu, injini nthunzi, kutsegula kwa magetsi mphamvu nyukiliya ndi ena ambiri. Ndondomeko ya kusintha kwambiri chikhalidwe cha ulimi, zinachititsa kuti atulukira zina m'munda wa sayansi, wotchedwa sayansi ndi luso zisinthe.

masiteji

Pambuyo theka lachiwiri Mu zaka zapitazo panali kompyuta zomangamanga, chakhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri mu kusintha zimenezi. Motero, tingathe kuona magawo zazikulu zitatu:

• Creation a kompyuta koyamba mu 1945. Pafupifupi zaka 30, makompyuta akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ochepa kwambiri a anthu, ndipo kwenikweni iwo ankapezeka yekha kupanga ndi sayansi.
• Kubwera kwa makompyuta mu 70s lapansi. Ma PC akhala kwambiri ndi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito osati m'munda mafakitale ndi sayansi, komanso mu utumiki, maphunziro ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Choncho, pa nthawi, makompyuta asanduka nkhani ya moyo watsiku ndi tsiku monga zipangizo muyezo banja monga mawailesi akanema kapena tepi rekoda.
• Kubwera kwa Intaneti - lonse maukonde kompyuta. Pambuyo kuoneka "ukonde wapadziko lonse lapansi" computer, amene aikidwa pa desiki yaing'ono munthu aliyense anakhala zenera mu dziko zopezeka. Ndi nthawi imeneyi unayamba kuonekera mfundo monga "Intaneti" kapena "padziko lonse danga zambiri." Ndi anthu pambuyo Kubwera kwa Intaneti akhoza kuyamba kuganiza zoti mbiri ya chitukuko anatibweretsa siteji ya "mfundo zochokera mmadera."

Ambiri amanena kuti pali magawo anayi a chitukuko cha zida luso ndi zinthu zambiri, koma likukhudza mu kusonyeza kwambiri mapangidwe kompyuta ano.

Monga makompyuta ali kusanduka?

kompyuta ndi chida chachikulu cha computerization. Monga tanena pali 4 magawo a chitukuko cha zida luso ndi zinthu zambiri, mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi kompyuta:

• Buku. Mbali imeneyi zinachokera pa ntchito ya zala ndi zala. kukonza Akaunti ntchito kulakwa kwa nkhani zosiyanasiyana ndi magulu ndi kuwerenga pa abacus kuloŵedwa m'malo - kukula kwa chipangizo wakale ochuluka. Monga kufanizira ndi, chida ichi kungachititse ambiri, amene ntchito ndi anthu ena lero.
• Kompyuta ndi zipangizo. zipangizo amenewa anaonekera chifukwa yapadera kwambiri okonzera m'zaka XVII, amene anatuluka chifukwa cha aziwerenga njira makina. Motero, mwamwambo kuwonjezera makina, Pascal anatulukira eyiti chitsanzo ochuluka makina chimangirizo, pamene Leibniz anapanga otchedwa woyamba kuwonjezera makina mungathe kuchita ntchito zonse zinayi masamu.
• Electromechanical. Chinthu Ichi ndi ang'ono malingana ngati inatenga zaka 60, kuyambira zikamera wa makina oyamba electromechanical kutsiriza ndi mapangidwe woyamba kuwerengetsa-mawunikidwe maofesi okhala mu dongosolo ake kusanja makina, tabulator ndi Buku nkhonya. Makamaka, mankhwala otsiriza wakhala ntchito kwa processing zotsatira kalembera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Russia.
• Amagetsi. Iwo amagwirizana ndi makompyuta pakompyuta, wotchedwa ENIAC mu 1945. Mu mbiri ya chitukuko zina kompyuta anaganiza kuonetsetsa mibadwo ingapo, omwe ali ndi makhalidwe ake osiyana ndi mbali.

Choncho, khwerero liri limodzi anathandiza yakeyake chitukuko cha sayansi yamakono mfundo ndi mapangidwe a anthu amene ife masiku ano.